This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Endoseal TCS, an mineral trioxide aggregate-based root canal sealer, mixed with water-soluble mangostin derivatives (WsMD) of Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) ethanol extract against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity of Endoseal TCS mixed with WsMD against three strains of E. faecalis and three strains of S. aureus was performed using agar diffusion test. The data showed that Endoseal TCS mixed with 0.115% WsMD had a zone of inhibition of 0.7 ± 0.2–2.4 ± 0.1 mm. The results suggest that Endoseal TCS mixed with WsMD of Garcinia mangostana L. ethanol extract is useful as a root canal sealer with antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. aureus .

This study investigated the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Salmonella (S.) typhimurium and Escherichia (E.) coli O157:H7, and skin irritation in New Zealand white rabbits using methanol extracts of Curcuma (C.) aromatica Salisb. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C. aromatica extracts against S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 was 0.250, 0.250 and 0.125 mg/ml, respectively, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts against S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 was 0.50, 0.50, 0.250 mg/ml, correspondingly. From the skin irritation test, extremely minor erythema and very slight edema were formed at 24 h after application of the extracts on the skin on abraded lesions of 2 and 1 rabbits, respectively. The primary irritation index score was estimated to be 0.13 indicating non-irritation. In conclusion, this study suggests that C. aromatica extract has the antibacterial activity against major food-borne pathogens and is not irritant to skin.

To investigate the effects of antioxidant activities and hair loss prevention of extracts from Platycodon grandiflorum, we’ve prepared chloroform (CF) and ethylacetate fractions (EA) extracted from P. grandiflorum. In the results of DPPH radical scavenging assay, the two fractions showed dose-dependent antioxidant activities. Furthermore, in the ABTS assay, the two fractions exhibited the inhibitory effect over 90% at 10, 50, 100, 200 mg/mL. To investigate the inflammation inhibitory effect, we used RAW264.7 cells, these extracts were inhibited inflammatory reaction by suppressing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in dose-dependent manner. In the assay of HaCaT cells’ proliferation, the 24 hr treatment of the extracts significantly accelerarted cell proliferation in the range of concentrations used. The two fractions inhibited the proliferation of Malssezia furfur, the bacteria induce the dandruff. Finally, the CF could significantly inhibit the DHT production at 1, 10, 50, 100 μg/mL, but EA showed the inhibitory effect at the concentration over 50 μg/mL. The overall results of this study suggest that the chloroform (CF) and ethylacetate fractions (EA) from P. grandiflorum could be a useful raw material for the hair loss prevention products.

Licorice and rosemary contain a number of natural phenolic compounds which have a strong antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Ulleungdo stonecrop (US, scientific name: Sedum takesimense Nakai), indigenous island, is also known as a good antibiotic agent and skin whitening agent and is regarded as a promising materials in cosmetics field. Although the antibacterial activity of each material have been reported, little is known about the effect of using them together. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect on antibacterial activity when licorice and rosemary extract and US were used together. Since licorice and rosemary are lipid soluble materials and US is water soluble material, oil in water (O/W) emulsion system was used for this study. To manufacture O/W emulsions containing three kinds materials, first licorice and rosemary extracts and US was dispersed in soy bean oil and phosphate buffer (pH7) respectively. Decaglyceryl laurate was used as an emulsifier. There was slight decrease (-0.09~-0.46 Δlog) in the number of bacteria when O/W emulsion containing 300ppm of each licorice and rosemary extracts was mixed into B.subtilis. However, adding US (2,700ppm) into aqueous phase caused the rapid decrease in the amount of bacteria to -1.71 ~ -2.96 Δlog which were much higher decrement than US only in normal emulsion (-1.64 Δlog). In particular, there was a noticeable synergistic effect when rosemary extract and US was used together. The results obtained from this study could provide useful information for utilizing licorice and rosemary extracts and US as functional materials in the food and cosmetic areas.

The effects of antioxidant measured by DPPH radical scavenger activity, the extract of harvestry in July shown highest activity(91.8±0.01%). The all extracts of 4 parts(leaf, f1ower, root, branch) of harvestry in July were shown better radical scavenger activity than BHT(89.2±0.01%). The antibacteria activity of Agrimonia pilosa extracts was determined by using a paper disc method against bacteria, the methanol extracts(70%) showed the most active antibacteria activity against 12 kinds of harmful microorganisms. The methanol extracts(70%) showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of methanol extracts(70%) against S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. diphtheriae, S. mutans, and S. epidermidis were revealed 0.625~10mg/mL. As a result, antibacteria activity in methanol(70%) extract of Agrimonia pilosa shown higher gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria.

Abstract - We are aim to evaluate lysozyme and antibacterial activity of cultured catfish, Silurus asotus, that fed supplementally with Galla rhois extracts for eight weeks. Lysozyme activity in the spleen and serum of administrated group was higher than not administrated group, but in mucus of the lysozyme activity was no regular than other organ. The lysozyme activity of the spleen, kidney, serum of administrated fishes were increased after 2 weeks and that was highest after 8 weeks. Ht and GLU in serum of administrated fishes were gradually increased but GOT was decreased after 8 weeks. There is no significant differences in HB (Hemoglobin) and TP (Total Protein) each groups. Furthermore, there is no pathohistological changes of kidney and liver of tested fishes. The cumulative survival rates of administrated group after intraperitoneal injection of Aeromonas veronii with 6.5×106 cfu mL-1 was presented 33% in 9 days. As the Results, Galla rhois extracts has any beneficial effects for immunity elevation and antibacterial activity in catfish, Silurus asotus.

Synthesis of nanosilver particles were obtained by chemical reduction of silver nitrate and capping agent. The solution containing nanoparticles were coated on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes which the membranes were measured water permeation flux and antibacterial activities. The resonance peak of the Ag/PVA core shell nanoparticle indicated at 430 nm in the UV-visible spectra. The Ag/PVA coated PVDF membrane exhibited excellent antibacterial performance over 60 days, and water permeation flux (LMH) was observed from 700 to 1400.

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-bacterial effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on extending thevase life of Gerbera jamesonii ‘Jenny’ which was first bredin Korea in 2012. Compared to commercialized biocides,ClO2 had been proved significantly effective for extendingthe vase life of cut gerbera flowers, equally with sodiumhypochlorite, silver nitrate, and 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate.No bacteria were detected in the vase solutions treated withClO2 and these commercialized biocides on day 6 aftertreatment. But there were no significant differences on thevase life among the three ClO2 concentrations: 2, 5, and10μL•L−1. The ClO2 concentrations were rapidly decreasedon day 2 after treatment regardless of peduncle existence.Nevertheless, the antibacterial effect of ClO2 was main-tained up to day 6, indicating that the initial antibacterialeffect of ClO2 was a key factor for extending the vase life inthe gerbera flowers. The study results verified the antibacte-rial effect of ClO2 on prolonging the vase life of Gerberajamesonii ‘Jenny’ and demonstrated that appropriate ClO2application can prolong the postharvest life of cut gerberasvia its antimicrobial effect.

본 연구는 오배자 에탄올 추출물 (GRE), 염소산나트륨 (SC) 그리고 오배자 에탄올 추출물과 염소산나트륨 합제(GS)의 B. abortus에 대한 항균효과를 확인하기 위해 수행 되었다. GRE, SC 그리고 GS를 B. abortus에 처리하여 배양한 후, B. abortus의 생존수를 확인하였으며, 마우스 탐식세포 내 감염된 B. abortus의 증식 억제효과를 경시별 (2, 24, 48시간)로 조사하였다. GRE, SC 그리고 GS는 각각 400 μg/mL 이하, 15 mM 그리고 0.6GS (GS 1, GRE 1,000 μg/mL + SC 30 mM) 이하의 농도에서 세포독성을 나타나지 않았다. 모든 처리구에서 B. abortus의 생존율은 용량- 의존적으로 현저하게 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 또한, GRE (400 μg/mL), SC (15 mM) 그리고 0.5GS (GRE 500 μg/mL + SC 15 mM)를 처리한 세포에서 배양 48시간 후에, B. abortus의 증식이 통계적으로 유의성 있게 감소하였으며 (GRE, p < 0.01; SC and 0.5GS, p < 0.001), 특히, GS를 처리한 경우, B. abortus의 세포내 증식이 GRE와 SC의 상승작용에 의한 강력한 항균효과를 나타내었다. 결론적으로, GS는 B. abortus에 대한 항균물질로서 유용할 뿐만 아니라, 식육과 우유 위생 분야에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

This study investigated the antibacterial effects of GR ethanol extracts (GRE), sodium chlorate (SC) and a combination of GRE and SC (GS) on Brucella abortus (B. abortus). The antibacterial activities of GRE, SC and GS towards B. abortus were evaluated by incubating B. abortus with GRE, SC and GS. Following treatment with GRE, SC and GS, B. abortus survival and intracellular proliferation in macrophages were monitored. In the cellular cytotoxicity assay, GRE, SC and GS are not cytotoxic at concentrations less than 400 μg/ml, 15 mM and 0.6GS (1 of GS, GRE 1,000 μg/ml + SC 30 mM), respectively. The viability of B. abortus was markedly decreased in a dosedependent manner in all treatment groups. In addition, B. abortus intracellular proliferation within macrophages was significantly reduced in cells treated with GRE (400 μg/mL), SC (15 mM) and 0.5GS (GRE 500 μg/mL + SC 15 mM) after 48 hr-incubation (GRE, p < 0.01; SC and 0.5GS, p < 0.001). Especially, in the treatment of GS, the synergistic effect of GRE and SC treatment on B. abortus in macrophage was observed. In conclusion, GS is useful as an antibacterial candidate against B. abortus, and can be applied in the field of meat and milk hygiene.

목적: 황색포도상구균(Staphylococcus aureus)과 녹농균(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)으로 오염시킨 RGP 렌즈를 3가지 종류의 다목적용액에 침윤시킨 후 각 시간대별 두 균주의 항균효과를 비교하여 렌즈 소독에 필요한 침윤시간을 제시하고자 한다. 대상과 방법: 황색포도상구균과 녹농균의 배양액(농도 109 Colony Forming Unit/ml) 0.1ml와 LB broth 0.9ml 혼합액에 RGP 렌즈를 넣은 후 24시간 배양 후 실험을 시행하였다. 3가지 종류의 다목적용액을 1시간, 2시간, 3시간, 4시간, 5시간, 6시간, 7시간 동안 침윤시켜 항균 효과를 비교하였다. 결과: 황색포도상구균과 녹농균에 대한 다목적용액 간에 항균효과 차이는, 시간대별로 1시간 침윤으로 전체 균의 cfu가 약 43~47%, 55~63% 감소하였고, 2시간 침윤으로는 약 77~80%, 77~86% 감소하였다. 3시간 침윤으로는 약 97~98%, 85~97% cfu가 감소하였고, 4시간 침윤으로는 100%, 95~100% cfu가 감소하였다. 그리고 5시간, 6시간, 7시간 침윤으로는 다목적용액 모두 황색포도상구균(Staphylococcus aureus)과 녹농균(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)이 검출되지 않았다. 결론: 황색포도상구균은 다목적용액 4시간 이상의 침윤시간에서 검출되지 않았고 녹농균은 다목적용액 5시간 이상의 침윤시간에서 세균이 검출되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에 사용된 다목적용액을 RGP 콘택트렌즈 소독에 사용하는 경우 5시간 이상 침윤시켜야 할 것으로 사료된다.

The present study was investigated the antibacterial effect of several sodium salts and the sodium salt mixture composed with sodium chlorate, sodium azide and sodium cyanide on Salmonella gallinarum (S. gallinarum) infection in murine derived macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In the infection assay of S. gallinarum in macrophage cells pretreated with 15 mM sodium chlorate, 0.3 mM sodium cyanide, 0.3 mM sodium azide and the sodium salt mixture (15 mM sodium chlorate, 0.3 mM sodium cyanide, 0.3 mM sodium azide), respectively, the numbers of S. gallinarum in all treated-groups tended to decrease in the process of time after treatment, but the group treated with sodium cyanide was no significant difference compared with control. After 24 hours of treatment, the number of S. gallinarum in sodium azide (p<0.05), sodium chlorate (p<0.001) and the sodium salt mixture (p<0.001) treated-group was significantly decreased compared with control, and that in the sodium salt mixture treated-group was decreased the higher than all groups. The results of this study demonstrated that the sodium salt mixture composed with sodium chlorate, sodium azide and sodium cyanide, has the antimicrobial activity for S. gallinarum and may be beneficial on the control of intracellular pathogens.