Recently, with the development of ultra-precision technology, the quality improvement of optical parts and various products is emerging. The need for a difficult-to-cut material that is light and exhibits high hardness and high strength physical properties is being emphasized. Ultra-precision machining processing solutions for these difficult-to-cut materials are being actively developed. In this research, experiments were performed using a DTM machine equipped with a laser-assisted machining module for ultra-precision machining of CaF2 materials that are brittle but exhibit high transmittance in a wide range from ultraviolet to infrared.

This research uses a practical attempt to explore further determinants of consumer behaviour needs to be considered in modern TAM’s. Based on This study applies a qualitative and a quantitative method. On the one hand, qualitative data was collected with the World Café approach and on the other hand, the quantitative data was collected by an online-survey, resulting in an effective sample of 126 respondents. The findings show that consumers attitude towards self-driving cars is positive and negative. Those descriptive variables for the context of autonomous driving have to be identified as a first step. Conclusively, implications and future research topics are presented.

The high-temperature stability of YSZ specimens fabricated by die pressure and cold isostatic press (CIP) is investigated in CaCl2-CaF2-CaO molten salt at 1,150 °C. The experimental results are as follows: green density 46.7 % and 50.9 %; sintering density 93.3 % and 99.3 % for die press and CIP, respectively. YSZ foremd by CIP exhibits higher stability than YSZ formed by die press due to denseness dependency after high-temperature stability test. YSZ shows peaks mainly attributed to CaZrO3, with a small t-ZrO2 peak, unlike the high-intensity tetragonal-ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) peak observed for the asreceived specimen. The t-ZrO2 phase of YSZ is likely stabilized by Y2O3, and the leaching of Y2O3 results in phase transformation from t-ZrO2 to m-ZrO2. CaZrO3 likely forms from the reaction between CaO and m-ZrO2. As the exposure time increases, more CaZrO3 is observed in the internal region of YSZ, which could be attributed to the inward diffusion of molten salt and outward diffusion of the stabilizer (Y2O3) through the pores. This results in greater susceptibility to phase transformation and CaZrO3 formation. To use SOM anodes for the electroreduction of various metals, YSZ stability must be improved by adjusting the high-density in the forming process.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of no planning and online planning on complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) in L2 spoken and written tasks. The study was designed into 2x2 with two independent variables: planning conditions (no planning and online planning) and task modality (speaking and writing). First, 80 Korean EFL undergraduates performed two tasks in a laboratory setting: a proficiencyassigning narrative spoken task and a randomly assigned main task. The main task had four different conditions: no planning in speaking, online planning in speaking, no planning in writing, and online planning in writing. The participants’ spoken and written performances were measured and analyzed for syntactic complexity, accuracy, and fluency. The findings demonstrated that the no planning (NP) group improved accuracy and fluency significantly more than the online planning (OP) group in the spoken task and that the NP group improved their fluency more than the OP group in the written task. Additionally, in both planning conditions, the written task increased accuracy more than the spoken task, whereas the spoken task increased fluency more than the written task. It is hoped that these findings will facilitate understanding of the supportive role of planning in task manipulation in terms of L2 learners’ limited attentional resources and its relationship with linguistic performance.

본 논문은 외르크 임멘도르프(Jörg Immendorff, 1945-2007)의 회화 <카페 도이칠랜 드 Café Deutschland>(1978-1982) 연작에 나타난 임멘도르프의 자화상을 통해 당대 독 일의 시대상을 알아 볼 수 있는 연구이다. 임멘도르프는 독일 서독 태생의 작가이며 신 표현주의(Neo-expressionism) 화파의 대표적인 화가이다. 임멘도르프는 뒤셀도르프 아 카데미(Düsseldorff Academy)시절 스승인 요셉 보이스(Joseph Beuys, 1921-1986)로부 터 서독 자본주의와 물질주의의 지배에 대한 비판의식에 강한 자극을 받아 서독 자본주 의 이면에 팽배한 모순적 현상에 대해 주목하게 된다. 이러한 의식 아래 임멘도르프는 정형화된 예술에서 탈피하여 다양한 기존 사회 체제를 비판하는 반(反)예술 성향의 사 회 운동가적 퍼포먼스를 펼치며 대중사회에 자신의 이념을 전달하였다. 또한 임멘도르 프는 분단된 독일 사회에도 깊은 관심을 가지고 1976년부터 동독 작가 펭크(A.R.Penck, 1939-)와 교류하게 되었다. 이후 1978년을 기점으로 회화 <카페 도이칠랜드>에서 냉전 후 동독과 서독으로 분리된 혼란한 독일의 모습을 혼잡한 카페(café)라는 독일 사회의 축소판으로 설정하였다. 이렇듯 임멘도르프는 사회적 문제점들을 다양한 상징적 요소들 을 사용함으로써 예술이 사회 변혁을 이룰 수 있는 도구로 보았으며, 예술과 사회가 통 합된 삶을 이룩하기를 원하는 일종의 사회적 예술가의 사명감을 가지고 있었다. 또한 임멘도르프는 <카페 도이칠랜드>의 역사적 함의를 강조하기위해 실제 당대 독일에서 일어난 사건들을 겪은 본인의 자화상을 다양한 모습으로 <카페 도이칠랜드>에 표현했 다. 이와 같은 점은 <카페 도이칠랜드>가 시대상을 투영함으로써 역사적 가치를 가지는 동시에 그 시대를 직접 경험한 임멘도르프 개인의 일대기적인 회화라고도 볼 수 있다. 따라서 임멘도르프는 <카페 도이칠랜드>에 다양한 본인의 자화상을 직접적으로 화면에 등장시킴으로써 그가 예술가로서 실행할 수 있는 정치, 사회적 역할에 대한 깊은 고심과 사회의 부조리에 맞서는 모습들을 캔버스에 생생히 표출했다고 볼 수 있다.

Pumps for hazardous materials handling areas of self service stations are still scattered in the country, generator room, engine room of the small vessels, etc. are installed inside buildings against big is the risk of fire extinguishers are installed only. These facilities are in severe climate change because it is an open space area, as well as a water based fire extinguishers may not be suitable for that type of gas extinguishing system is also adaptable. This study features a compressed air port operation principles and characteristics, equipment, fire extinguishers, which can minimize the casualties and property losses from fire against hazardous substances in small business, design requirements, domestic contain fire extinguishers laws and foreign Compression Four fire extinguishers through the air and foreign regulations comparative analysis of the compressed air port installations such as fire extinguishers and applied to study the measures to be included are fire extinguishers installed in the country. Climate change is a big country review In winter, water based fire extinguishers are also concerned about the freeze, but compared to the foreign installations were exploring ways to work in the country. CAF is especially preferred that the fire extinguishing performance and to demonstrate the protective space as there is a risk of frost risk significantly less compressed air port digestion plant.

This study investigated the correlation between consumer’s buying habits and food styling visual elements. Differentiated and original techniques were used to determine whether or not visual elements in tteok menus reflect the aesthetic needs of consumers without altering the nutrition of tteok. The targeted tteok cafes were in Jeonju Hanok Village, which is a tourist attraction in Korea. First, sub-factors of food styling visual elements applied to tteok café menus such as shape, size/volume, color, and texture all had significantly positive effects on customer satisfaction, proving that food styling visual effects applied to tteok café menus have significant effects on customer satisfaction. Second, sub-factors of food styling visual elements applied to tteok café menus all had significantly positive effects on buying habits. Third, customer satisfaction of menus had a significant effect on buying habits, as proven by previous studies. Fourth, the effects of customer satisfaction on the relationship between food styling visual factors applied to tteok café menus and buying habits were investigated.

본 연구는 농수산물의 원산지 표시법에 관한 법률에 따른 음식점의 원산지 표시관리 실태를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 개인 음식점 및 프랜차이즈 업체들을 선발하여 원산지 표시관리 실태를 조 사하였으며, 원산지 관리미흡 사례를 도출하였다. 조사된 전체 표시관리 미흡 사례는 농수산물의 원산 지 표시에 관한 법률 및 농림축산식품부 고시 원산지 표시요령에 정의된 관리미흡 유형에 따라 각각 국 가명 표시오류 38.4%, 함량순서에 따른 표시오류 28.0%, 원산지 일부 미표시 11.2%, 원산지 표시판 미 게시 15.2%, 증빙서류 미보관 7.2%으로 구분되었다. 이들을 다시 프랜차이즈와 개인 음식점으로 구분 할 경우 프랜차이즈에서 개인 음식점과 구분되는 특징적인 유형별 발생비율을 보였다. 이에 따라 프랜 차이즈의 표시관리 미흡 유형별로 그 발생 원인을 탐색한 결과 프랜차이즈 운영시스템에서 기인된 몇 가지 특이적인 원인들을 도출할 수 있었다. 이를 근거로 프랜차이즈 업체의 효율적 원산지 표시관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

Play is essential to life because it gives children joy, helps them grow, and provides important educational benefits. But in the past three to four decades, Korea has become rapidly urbanized and industrialized, so that the country has overlooked the educational importance of childhood play. Moreover, the parental mindset has turned from valuing the social environments found in natural playgrounds to supporting result-oriented education and competition. Recently, however, play is becoming recognized again for its educational benefits. Those needs have opened new business opportunities in the playground business. One of those new businesses is Kids Café, which provides indoor playgrounds for preschool-age children and café facilities for parents. Korea has no legal guidelines regarding formation of these businesses, and no detailed studies have been conducted to study customers’ needs. For businesses to be competitive in the future, they must know how they can compete by enhancing customer benefits. This study is intended to develop a marketing strategy for Kids Café by analyzing its competitiveness based on needs of children and their parents. We find that Kids Café has several main advantages in comparison with other playgrounds. Kids Café allows parents and children to enjoy themselves independently. Parents especially enjoy being easily able to see and monitor their children, and can take part in the program if they wish. The program does not require regular attendance as do paid classes and cultural centers; parents can bring their children when they have available time. Finally, children and parents can enjoy their leisure time both independently and collaboratively. Price, safety, play diversity, and convenient rest opportunities for parents determine whether parents will return to Kids Café. For sustainable growth, Kids Café must develop a customized and optimized marketing strategy according to customer type and needs.

The nitrogen solubility and nitride capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaF2 slag systems were measured by using gas-liquid equilibration at 1773K. The nitrogen solubility of this slag system decreased with increasing CO partial pressure, with the linear relationship between nitrogen contents and oxygen partial pressure being -3/4. This system was expected to show two types of nitride solution behavior. First, the nitrogen solubility decreased to a minimum value and then increased with the increase of CaO contents. These mechanisms were explained by considering that nitrogen can dissolve into slags as "free nitride" at high basicities and as "incorporated nitride" within the network at low basicities. Also, the basicity of slag and nitride capacity were explained by using optical basicity. The nitrogen contents exhibited temperature dependence, showing an increase in nitrogen contents with increasing temperature.

Today, there are a multitude of papers being written on films that deal with multicultural society. However, it is difficult to find research on German films that deal with multicultural societies from the educational perspective of cultural exchange. This paper chooses the following four German films and aims to examine them from that perspective – Doris Dörrie’s Kirschblüten, Fatih Akın’s Solino and Gegen die Wand, and Percy Adlon’s Bagdad Café. Kirschblüten is about longings for and communication with other cultures, Solino about cultural differences and ways to overcome them, Gegen die Wand about cultural conflicts and identities, and Bagdad Café about cultural connection and communication. What is of particular importance in handling these movies in the classroom will be to raise and discuss relevant pedagogical questions to encourage the students to contemplate the various aspects of cultural encounters as their own issue. Thus, the ultimate goal of the education should be the learning of the values of coexistence, harmony, and exchange that are required of any multicultural society.

점선의 추가와 주변 자극의 추가가 cafè wall 착시에서 지각된 착시량과 착시에 대한 확신도에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 두 편의 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 1에서는 흰 색과 검은 색 벽돌이 나열된 세 줄의 벽돌층의 수평 경계에 흰색 벽돌과 검은색 벽돌의 중간 밝기를 가지는 회색 선분(모르타르:mortar)과 벽돌과 반대 밝기의 점선을 추가하였을 때 착시에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 실험 2에서는 실험 1에서 사용한 자극에 벽돌 층을 추가하여 주변자극의 추가에 따라 cafè wall 착시가 어떻게 달라지는지 살펴보았다. 실험 결과 회색 경계선에 점선을 추가하는 것은 착시 지각의 확신도에는 가산적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 지각된 착시량에서는 가산적 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 반면 벽돌 층의 추가는 지각된 착시량에는 영향을 미쳤지만 착시지각의 확신도에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 논의에서는 이러한 결과가 시각피질의 방위 선별적 세포의 반응과 관련이 있을 가능성에 대해 제안하였다.

Lunasin is a unique 43-amino acid peptide which has shown a chemopreventive in mammalian cells and in a skin cancer mouse model. In search for new sources of lunasin and the role of cereals in cancer prevention, we report here the properties of lunasin purified from millet. Stability of millet lunasin was measured by in vitro digestibility assay using pepsin and pancreatin. Inhibition of HAT (histone acetyltransferase) and nuclear localization in mammalian cells were used to measure lunasin bioactivity as the cancer chemopreventive agent. Lunasin present in millet crude protein was stable to pepsin and pancreatin in in vitro digestion and inhibited the activities of HATs. When added exogenously, lunasin purified from millet internalized in the nuclei of mouse fibroblast cells. On the base of this result, we conclude that lunasin in millet is bioactive and consumption of millet may play an important role on cancer prevention in millet-consuming populations.