The rapid spread of Artificial Intelligence through various connected intelligent objects (wearables, robots) profoundly changes how service is delivered and experienced by the customers (Bolton et al., 2018; Larivière et al., 2017). Robotics, in combination with rapidly improving technologies, has brought prospects for a wide array of innovations that have the potential to transform service industries radically. Service robots provide businesses with new opportunities to reorganize their frontline and serve their customers in new and innovative ways. Advanced technological innovations that become better, smaller, and smarter are virtually renovating the servicescape (Wirtz & Zeithaml, 2018). Transformation in the Healthcare industry is happening the world over. The International Federation of Robots predicts an ever-increasing demand for healthcare robots, estimated at 9.1 billion USD market in coming year. RoboDocs (Robots helping Doctors) can help standardize the common surgical procedures and catalyze a paradigm shift in the healthcare sector. RoboDocs are the linchpin to greater efficiency, more value, and reducing surgical variability (Muaddi et al., 2021, Huang & Rust, 2018).

Individual plants can provide space for various herbivore communities, and multiple herbivores often colonize different parts of the same plant. Plants can therefore play an important role in shaping community composition in ecosystems by mediating interactions among herbivore. Plant-mediated interactions among different folivores or between above-and below-ground herbivores are relatively well understood. However, although important for structural support and nutritional transport, the stem is largely unknown in how it responds to stem-feeding herbivores, or whether leaf- and stem-responses to herbivore attack are integrated. Interestingly, I found that JA signaling is also important for resistance to the stem herbivore, and, interestingly, that N. attenuata induced lignin and chlorogenic acid in stems in the face of stem herbivore attack. I also further found that plant inducible defenses in the pith and in the leaf are not systemically induced other tissues, but systemic induction of JA signaling was asymmetric between the stem and the leaf. I conclude that tissue-localized defense responses allow tissue-specialized herbivores to share the same host and occupy different chemical defense niches in the same hostplant.

The steel pipe manufacturing industry deals with facilities and materials. Especially thermal facilities are close to vapor cloud explosion (VCE) and may cause secondary damage to facilities because they deal with corrosive substances such as hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid and acid, fire, explosion, leakage etc. It is in danger. In this study, hazard identification method was conducted using HAZOP techniques and quantitative risk analysis was conducted using e-CA, a program that supports accident impact analysis. Equipment in the influence range of ERPG - 3 was determined to be a facility requiring replacement. It was decided that neutralization is necessary using slaked lime. Based on the cost of loss, We presented the proper replacement which is the timing of the dangerous facility. As a result, It was ideal to replace the facilities with 20 years of heat treatment facilities, one year of hydrofluoric acid storage tank, 20 years of sulfuric acid storage tank, and 5 years of hydrochloric acid storage tank.

본 논문은 비디오 게임 캐릭터의 마음귀인에 관한 실증적 연구이다. 최근 커뮤니케이션과 심리학 연구에 따르면 사람들은 사람의 특성을 사람이 아닌 사물에 귀인하는 성향이 있고, 사람이 아닌 존재를 사람으로 생각하는 의인화의 경향이 있다고 한다. 이러한 성향은 가상 존재에 대한 지식이 깊지 않을 때 더욱 강하게 관찰되는데, 대상에 대한 지식이 충분하지 않을 때 손쉽게 적용 할 수 있는 사람에 관한 지식을 활용하여 대상의 속성을 판단하기 때문이다. 이 같은 이론화를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 비디오 게임의 경험과 게임 캐릭터의 마음 귀인의 관계를 분석하였고, 마음 귀인이 게임 캐릭터의 선호에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 온라 인 설문 결과 게임을 오래 한 응답자일수록 캐릭터에 대한 마음 귀인 성향이 낮아지는 것을 발견했고, 이 같은 관계는 남성 응답자에게서 더욱 강하게 관찰되었다. 또한 마음 귀인을 강하게 한 응답자일수록 캐릭터에 대한 강한 선호를 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

In this study, causes and consequences of bullying were explored, focusing on victim personality and appearance factors. The research model included the relationships among bullying, important causes of bullying (aggression, cleanliness, and obesity of victims) and consequences of bullying (self-esteem and depression) and was tested through survey data from 594 (194 male and 404 female) middle school students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis with SPSS and AMOS. In the results of the model tests, victims who are more aggressive, less clean, and more overweight are more likely to be bullied. In addition, adolescents bullied by others tend to have lower self-esteem and more depression. Furthermore, the model comparison was assessed by gender and a difference between the two gender models was found. In the check of critical ratio for difference, it was concluded that the cleanliness of the victim is a more important cause of bullying for male adolescents than for female adolescents. It is meaningful to confirm the effects of the victim’s appearance factors on bullying in the literature focusing on personality issues of victims. Educators and counselors may refer to the findings in developing counseling guidelines and manuals to prevent bullying in school.

The main point of this study is to find out duplicates and differences among various regulations from different organizations. Also, it focuses on creating a reasonably unified regulation system to standardize safety & environment management. In this study, I analyzed the commonalities and the differences of two systems which are typical korean Process Safety Management System and off-site Consequence Analysis. It is confirmed that there are 25 species of overlapped material of those two systems and assessment like handling material information, facilities lists, hazardous substances and list of machine power. Process safety report focuses on onsite workers and facility protect. On the other hand, off-site Consequence Analysis focuses on design, arrangement and management of handling facility from off-site influence. I found difference two system of Enforcement purposes and way. Contradiction of Harmful information of Chemicals Control Act and occupation safety and health acts from same material. To be specific, There are no unit rule of occupation safety and health acts. so it permit inch, psi etc. But Chemicals Control Act provides that m, Mpa units. Therefore, Each regulatory duplication of items for chemicals management, standardization is writing so that you can coordinate overlapping items in the measures the need to be presented.

The paper examines the impact of international expansion of retail operations on the choice of performing internally or outsourcing some strategic activities in order to cope with the demands of retail outlets in domestic and foreign markets, providing a case analysis of Italian luxury fashion companies.

For the hydrogen economy system being tried starting with the 21st century, the fields that was not dealt with so far, such as the safety measure for large leakage accidents, the safety problem at infrastructures like a hydrogen station, the safety problem in terms of automobiles depending on introduction of hydrogen cars, the safety problem in a supply for homes like fuel cells, etc., are being deeply reviewed. In order to establish a safety control system, an essential prerequisite in using and commercializing hydrogen gas as an efficient energy source, it is necessary to conduct an analysis, such as analysis of hydrogen accident examples, clarification of physical mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of safety, development of accident interception technologies, etc. This study prepared scenarios of hydrogen gas leakage that can happen at hydrogen stations, and predicted damage when hydrogen leaks by using PHAST for this.

With much of the literature on business-to-business (B2B) from Eastern countries largely focused on the Chinese Guanxi and its role in developing and maintaining B2B, the expansion of B2B literature to other parts of the world has been limited. One important area of massive economic growth and influence is the Gulf region. Studies on B2B within the Gulf region are scarce. Thus this paper builds up on recent exploratory studies on Et-Moone relationships. The paper examines the antecedents (interpersonal liking, trust and commitment) and consequence (cooperation) of Et-Moone relationships. Survey data were collected from over 180 senior managers in Saudi Arabia. The findings confirm the importance of Et-Moone in B2B relationships and its impact on cooperation. Implications for managers are discussed, and a guide for future research is provided.

The purpose of this study is to identify the antecedents and consequence of role-relaxed consumption. Consumption-related variables were considered as antecedents, and fashion-related variable was considered as a consequence. Hedonic consumption, impulse buying, value consciousness, and brand sensitivity were included as consumption-related variables and fashion consciousness was included as a fashion-related variable. It was hypothesized that hedonic consumption, impulse buying, value consciousness, and brand sensitivity influence rolerelaxed consumption and then influence fashion consciousness. Data were gathered by surveying university students in Seoul, using convenience sampling. Two hundred twenty seven questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis using SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis using AMOS. While hedonic consumption, impulse buying, value consciousness, and brand sensitivity were uni-dimensions, role-relaxed consumption and fashion consciousness were multi-dimensions. Factor analysis of role-relaxed consumption revealed two dimensions, 'self-centered decision making' factor and 'importance of intrinsic value' factor. In addition, factor analysis of fashion conscious revealed three dimensions, 'individualism' factor, 'dressing style' factor, and 'appearance' factor. Tests of the hypothesized path show that impulse buying and brand sensitivity negatively influence 'self-centered decision making' and that hedonic consumption and value consciousness negatively influence 'importance of intrinsic value'. While 'self-centered decision making'negatively influence 'dressing style' and 'appearance, 'importance of intrinsic value' negatively influences all factors of fashion consciousness. The implications of these findings and suggestions for future study are also discussed.

유류를 포함한 HNS의 물동량이 증가 추세에 있음에도 불구하고, 우리나라에서는 HNS 해상운송 중에 발생한 사고의 분석과 위험에 관한 연구가 미진하다. HNS는 형태와 종류가 다양하고 사고발생시 피해가 심각하게 나타난다. 액체화물운반선(유조선, 케미컬탱커선, 액화가스탱커선 등)의 사고에 대한 원인을 분석하고 위험성에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

Pesticide application pattern for agricultural insect pest was modeled and simulated by temperature change scenarios using DYMEX simulator. For modeling pesticide application pattern, we evaluated bioassay using two-spotted spider mites (TSSM) in vitro. Four separated bioassay was evaluated at four different temperature conditions (20, 25, 30, and 35℃). Selected four commercial pesticides were Acrinathrin-Spiromesifen mixture, Fenpropathrin, Abamectin, and Azocyclotin, respectively. All the pesticide was used its recommended dose, except Abamectin (1/10 of recommended dose). Each mortality of TSSM were counted after 24 and 48 hours. Based on the bioassay results, increasing temperature made decreasing mortality in Acrinathrin-Spiromesifen mixture and Fenpropathrin, whereas increasing mortality in Abamectin and Azocyclotin, respectively. A TSSM model was developed and simulated under four temperature increasing scenarios (present condition, average 1, 2, and 3℃ increased conditions) using DYMEX simulator. The DYMEX results showed that the pesticides application pattern were different among four pesticides under climate change scenario. In conclusion, the pesticide application should be changed for sound management of agricultural insect pest under climate change scenario.

본 연구에서 브랜드 개성은 소비자태도와 행동에 영향을 준다는 전제하에, 서비스산업에의 적용가능성을 살펴보고, 이에 영향을 주는 선행변수와 결과변수를 탐색하였다. 가능한 다양한 서비스업종에서 대표성을 확보하기 위해, 서비스의 특성과 구매동기에 따라 서비스 산업을 네 차원으로 분류하여 패스트푸드점, 영화관, 은행, 종합할인점을 대상으로, 각각 이 분야의 대표적인 브랜드를 선정하여 실증분석을 하였다. 연구결과, 브랜드 개성은 조사 대상 모든 서비스산업에도 유용하며, 서비스경험, 가격, 광고, 물리적 환경에 의해 형성되고, 브랜드 동일시, 전환장벽, 재구매의도에 각각 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

The effect of parameters on the consequence of the flash fire accident by the release of heavy gas(in this study, xylene vapor) was analyzed. Simulation results showed that the distance with the lower flammable limit(XLFL) was increased with the increase of the release hole diameter. For the case of the elevated release, XLFL was increased with the increase of the wind speed and the release height, but XLFL was not affected by the wind speed for the release on the ground level. Therefore, the accident in the elevated release was more dangerous than the release on the ground level. In this condition, the release height had more effect on XLFL at the night time than the daytime and in the urban area than the rural area.

Since 1990's, many enterprises have implemented ERP System. Especially, they want to become an advanced company use ERP implementation. Already, ERP system come to high level which is stabilized and support independent business process of many industry sectors. Although most companies had previous good plans, but those are not satisfied. Because of failed to change management and had many problem about Project team operation. Therefore, important success factors for ERP project are change management and organization activation for Project team. The purpose of this study is suggest to improve method about team activation through analysis the Project team member's individual personality as a factor that makes the success of Project team. This paper studied success factors of project team and plan for organization activation. The results of this study can be used for a successful implementation of the ERP system as make of Project team consider of individual personality and administer a Project team.

For the unconfined vapor cloud explosion accident by the continuous release of gas-liquid flow of various saturated liquids in a vessel at ground level, overpressures were estimated and analyzed with various release conditions and materials by TNT equivalency model with vapor dispersion. We found that at same release conditions, overpressure showed n-heptane > xylene > n-hexane > toluene > n-heptane > benzene, respectively and that overpressure was increased with increasing the hole diameter and the storage pressure, but it was increased with decreasing the wind speed, the interested distance, and the vessel thickness.

In this case study, results of the explosion accident at MEK-PO factory were analysed by using the consequence analysis of quantitative hazard assessment and the explosion energy, the burst pressure of vessel, and overpressures at the explosion center and at 300m distance from the explosion center were estimated, respectively. As a result, we found that a cause of accident was the runaway reaction of product(MEK-PO) because of the molecular expansion in vessel and that the possibility of the runaway reaction was classified the mechanical failure(the obstacle of refrigerator or the shutdown valve), design error, and operating error by lack of thermochemical knowledge. Also, the evasive action to prevent accident was suggested.

The consequence analysis for the unconfined vapor cloud explosion(UVCE) accident by the continuous release of butane vapor was performed and effects of process parameters on consequences were analyzed in standard conditions. For the case of continuous release(87.8 kg/s) of butane vapor at 8 m elevated height in the debutanizing process of tile naphtha cracking plant operating at 877 kPa ＆ 346.75 K, we found that combustion ranges of dispersed vapor estimated by HMP model were 11.2~120.2 m and overpressures estimated by TNT equivalency model at 200 m were about 37.35~55.1 kPa. Also, overpressures estimated by Model UVCE I based on advective travel time to XLFL were smaller than those estimated by Model UVCE IIbased on real travel time between XUFL and XLFL. At the same time, damage intensities at 200 m and effect ranges by overpressure could be predicted. Furthermore, simulation results showed that effects of operating pressures on consequences were larger than those of operating temperatures and results of accidents were increased with increasing operating pressures. At this time, sensitivities of overpressures for UVCE accident by the continuous release were about 5 kPa/atm.