이 글은 한국어 학습을 위한 웹 기반 한자 사전 모델을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 중국 문화권 학습자를 대상으로 한 이 연구에서는 웹 기반 한자 사전의 필요성을 확인하고 기존 사전의 한자 단어 학습의 문제점 을 분석하였다. 한자 단어 학습 시 한자 원어 형태소 인식이 중요하다고 보고 이를 반영한 별도의 팝오버 (popover) 창을 개발하였다. 한자 사전의 미시구조에는 항목, 단어 유형, 발음, 한-베트남어 단어(있는 경우), 한자의 어원, 한-베 소리(voice)가 포함되며, 이밖에 베트남어 어원에 대한 설명, 한자의 원래 형태소 와 관련된 한-베 단어, 번역, 설명, 예시 등이 포함되어야 함을 밝혔다. 그런 다음, 한자어 형태소와 한자- 베트남어의 발음을 포함하는 어원 틀, 베트남어 및 한자어의 한자 형태소 의미를 포함한 웹 사전을 구성하 고 그 활용 방안을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 한자어 형태소와 관련된 베트남 단어에 대한 정보를 추가하고, 프로그래밍 기술, 데이터베이스 업데이트 과정, 300개 규모의 한자 사전 모델을 제시한 기초연구로써 이후 한국어 학습자를 위한 웹 한자 사전 구축에 보탬이 되고자 한다.

Sentiment analysis is a method used to comprehend feelings, opinions, and attitudes in text, and it is essential for evaluating consumer feedback and social media posts. However, creating sentiment dictionaries, which are necessary for this analysis, is complex and time-consuming because people express their emotions differently depending on the context and domain. In this study, we propose a new method for simplifying this procedure. We utilize syntax analysis of the Korean language to identify and extract sentiment words based on the Reason-Sentiment Pattern, which distinguishes between words expressing feelings and words explaining why those feelings are expressed, making it applicable in various contexts and domains. We also define sentiment words as those with clear polarity, even when used independently and exclude words whose polarity varies with context and domain. This approach enables the extraction of explicit sentiment expressions, enhancing the accuracy of sentiment analysis at the attribute level. Our methodology, validated using Korean cosmetics review datasets from Korean online shopping malls, demonstrates how a sentiment dictionary focused solely on clear polarity words can provide valuable insights for product planners. Understanding the polarity and reasons behind specific attributes enables improvement of product weaknesses and emphasis on strengths. This approach not only reduces dependency on extensive sentiment dictionaries but also offers high accuracy and applicability across various domains.

The two most well-known Chinese characters dictionaries are Songben Yupian from China and Quanyun Yupian from Korea. These dictionaries contain a wealth of information on Chinese characters at the diachronic and synchronic level, while also retaining much information on Chinese characters during the period of its movement overseas. This paper is a corpus-based study which analyzes the differences in the style of arrangement, phonetic notation mode, interpretation, form interpretation, and other aspects of the two dictionaries, and further summarizes the laws of the development of Chinese characters in overseas dissemination. The result of this study indicates that the function of the two dictionaries is different, that the Chinese characters remained stable during their transmission to other countries, and that the overall trend in the evolution of the characters is toward simplification, and that the main way that Chinese characters morph extraterritorially is via phonetic and semantic replacement.

This article delves into the development of Japanese Chinese character variations, and how they fit into the broader study of Chinese characters. By examining the differences between early Japanese kanji and modern Japanese writing systems, as well as the varying approaches of Chinese and Japanese scholars in studying Japanese kanji, we can propose a more fitting classification and naming method better suited to studying Chinese characters. To that end, we take the Wamyō Ruiju Shō (倭名類聚抄) as an example, exhaustively sorting out the situation of variant characters in the manuscript across different eras, and referring to other ancient Chinese dictionaries from the same period. This article introduces concepts like “inherited variants” and “Japan saved variants” to make studying these characters more comprehensive.

The (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary is a multilingual dictionary of Chinese characters marked in multiple characters. It records the pronunciation and interpretation of Korean, Japanese, Northern Mandarin and Manchurian language corresponding to Chinese characters. There are few Chinese-Korean bilingual dictionaries in modern Korea, and the (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary, which records many Chinese words, is evaluated as the prototype of Chinese-Korean dictionaries. In this study, we examine the Chinese and Korean meanings of the ‘火部’ Chinese monosyllabic cooking verbs in the (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary. We then analyze their meanings, summarize their meaning-positions and classify the semantic fields. Furthermore, the accuracy of their Chinese and Korean interpretations in the (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary is examined, and the prominent interpretation methods and characteristics of the (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary are investigated. This study examines the influence of Modern Times food culture and language, and also points out the problems of Modern Times Chinese-Korean bilingual dictionaries and the direction of future dictionary compilation. This paper discussed the applicability of modern and contemporary Chinese-Korean dictionary definitions, examine the interpretation strategies of modern and contemporary Chinese-Korean dictionaries, summarize their similarities and differences. This paper also discusses the applicability of modern and contemporary Chinese-Korean dictionaries from the perspective of language learners. This study has significance for researchers on the historical development of Chinese-Korean dictionary compilation.

“Thien tu van” is one of the most classic books about learning Chinese in the primary stage in China. Since Chinese was promulgated through neighborhood including Vietnam, “Thien tu van” was popularized and became one of the important learning Chinese books for Vietnamese in the ancient times. From the view of writing identity, the writing is about initially researching and finding out popularization situation and “Thien tu van” usage in Vietnam by analyzing writing quantity and writing form popularization in order to reflect aspect of learning Chinese situation of Vietnamese in ancient times as well as contribute reference value for learning Chinese approach of Vietnamese in modern times.

This article conducts a textual research on the character of ‘畑’ in Grand Chinese Dictionary. Through reviewing Buddhist scriptures and secular literature, the article points out that ‘畑’ is a Japanese character signifying the ‘upland field’. The word of ‘田畑’ found in the scriptures is a Japanese one with two meanings: one, the ‘paddy field and upland field’, and the other, the ‘field’. In Japanese, the former is expressed by ‘田’ and ‘畑’, yet, in Chinese, by adding modifiers before ‘田’. Therefore, when entering into Chinese, ‘畑’ comes to have the same meaning and usage as ‘田’. For this reason, the article considers it possible for ‘畑’ to be a variant of ‘田’ in the Chinese literature. Moreover, ‘畑’ can be thought of not only as a formal variant of the folk character of ‘烟’ but also as a mistaken character of ‘油’ in the scriptures.

As a result of the National Social Science Foundation Project hosted by Professor Zhao Hong for several decades, the Dictionary of the Non-Classical Word in Turpan Manuscripts was published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House in December 2019 after long expectations. As for the form of a dictionary, it draws out the non-classical word in Turpan Manuscripts, and collects extensive materials. Furthermore, the practice of writing is fine and appropriate, and the collected glyphs are also full and rich. So, it shows us the whole appearance of using the non-classical word among the people in Turpan. It is a classic of this international study——Turpan Studies. This paper briefly introduces the dictionary’s practice, features, value and some shortcomings so that scholars can understand the dictionary better.

‘Tong’, a term commonly used in ancient Chinese dictionaries, is also widely used in Korean Chinese dictionaries. Through the study of the term in Jeonwun Okpyeon, this paper finds that the term is mainly used to define the characters with the same or close relationship in pronounciation. This is similar to the term in ancient Chinese annotations and dictionaries. However, the term in Jeonwun Okpyeon can also be used to define the situation in which Chinese characters’ shapes and meanings are interlinked. It is, in fact, desirable that the characteristic as such be paid special attention to in the study into ancient dictionary styles of both China and Korea. Based on the exhaustive investigation and analysis of “Tong” in Jeonwun Okpyeon, the paper obtains various types of ‘Tong’, which provides support for the determination of its connotation as well.

Korean-Chinese Learner’s Dictionary, which was compiled by the National Institute of Korean Language, is a web dictionary translating Korean Basic Dictionary into Chinese. As more and more Chinese wanted to learn Korean, the National Institute of Korean Language planned for the translation. A research team in Korea University carried out the project for 3 years from 2016 to 2018. The main focus of the project was to present Chinese counterparts with Korean headwords by translating them into Chinese.　 This paper aims to provide an overview of the compiling project, Korean-Chinese Learning Dictionary, the principles applied to the actual translation process, and to examine the current status of the Sino-Korean headwords and the detailed translation method. In Chapter 2, the review of the purpose, steps, and progress of Korean-Chinese Learner’s Dictionary is provided. Chapter 3 presents the statistical results of the Sino-Korean headwords in Korean-Chinese Learner’s Dictionary. In addition, the detailed principles applied to the process of Chinese translation are reviewed along with the main cases by the headword type. Moreover, the characteristics of the cultural vocabulary and the band system according to them are discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 북한의 사회복지와 관련된 용어들을 역사 서술적인 방법으로 접근 하여 개념적 정의에 대한 통시적 동학을 추적하는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서 분석대상 용어는 ‘사회보장’과 ‘사회보장제’등 이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 북한의 공식사전을 분 석기제로 하였다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 북한의 사전을 중심으로 시대적 구분을 통한 문헌조사기법을 통해 시계열적으로 추적하였다. 분석결과, 북한 사회보장(제)의 ① 적용 대상, ② 급여, ③ 재정, ④ 전달체계를 중심으로 그 동학을 추적하면 1985년을 기준으 로 양분된다. 주요 특징으로는 첫째, 이때부터 김일성과 김정일의 은혜와 배려를 동시에 강조하였다. 둘째, 이 시기 북한은 적용대상의 보편주의와 급여 종류의 구체적 진술이 나타난다. 셋째, 재정은 기존의 1970년대 내용과 거의 동일하였다. 넷째, 전달체계는 모든 시기에서 시설보호를 제외한 별도의 언급이 부재하였다. 다섯째, 실업보호와 관련한 직접적인 급여가 전 기간에 걸쳐 부재하였다. 반면 내용 중심으로 접근하면, 북한은 시간의 경과에 비례하여 1985년까지 발전적인 모습을 보이고 이후 정체되었다. 또한 북한은 시간의 경과에 대비하여 설명과 진술의 구체성을 중심으로 살펴보면, 1950년대의 소극적 진술이 시간에 비례하여 적극적인 진술로 발전하는 형태를 보였다. 하지만 1985년 이후 2002년까지 사실상의 큰 내용 변화가 없다. 아울러 이 과정에서 사회주의 체제의 보편성과 북한체제의 특수성이 동시에 나타났다. 사회주의체제의 보편 성의 경우 적용대상의 보편주의와 국가공로자의 우대로 대표된다. 특수성의 경우 북한 은‘사회보장’과‘사회보장제’에 대해 통치자인 김일성과 김정일의 시혜를 강조하였다.

Chinese characters used in the ancient Korean peninsula continued to occupy a leading position in the information processing process. Many literatures used Chinese characters as a means of recording. The main examples include Samguk-sagi (literally meaning the Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms) of the Goryeo Dynasty and the rest are listed as the Memory of the World: Joseonwangjo-sillok (literally meaning the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), Joseonwangjo-uigue (literally meaning the Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty), a well-known medical book of Joseon Dynasty, Dongui-bogam (literally meaning A Priceless Book about Medicines of an Eastern Country), and Printing Woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana and miscellaneous Buddhist scriptures (2007) of the Haeinsa Temple that amounts to about 87,000 pieces of woodblocks. However, only 9 books about Chinese characters in the Joseon Dynasty have been preserved up to date as the genealogy and dictionary of Chinese characters. These genealogies and dictionaries provide valuable data for studying common-use Chinese characters in the Joseon Dynasty. This study was intended to investigate the purpose of making Chinese characters and the frequency of common-use Chinese characters at that time through computerized data of Genealogy and Dictionary of Sillok-ja Types and the statistics of the frequency of Chinese characters.

This article makes a textual research on the characters of “机”, “据”, “據”, “𤧫”, “脺”, “熇”, “㸌”, “薳”, “𨗨”, analyzing the reasons for the Homograph. Through consulting various kinds of literature, this paper makes a supplementary explanation for the missed sounds and meanings of Grand Chinese Dictionary in order to put forward personal opinions on the editing and editing of contemporary large-scale dictionaries, and also contributes to the analysis, examination, and compilation of identical words in large-scale dictionaries.

As the most commonly used Chinese character dictionary in Korea, Korea's the Chinese-Korean Dictionary was originally revised from the Large Chinese-Korean Dictionary(1964) and retained Chinese characters from ancient times to around 1950. Since the initial edition of 1973, the dictionary has been reprinted several times and has not been revised. In view of the deletion of some worthwhile Chinese characters in the Chinese-Korean Dictionary on the basis of the Large Chinese-Korean Dictionary, or the inappropriate deletion of some entries, and the many imperfections in the compilation style, such as the lack of illustrations, Chinese phonetic notes and Chinese annotations, etc., this paper holds that the Chinese-Korean Dictionary should be revised and properly included and deleted. In addition to the valuable Chinese characters, and improve the compilation style, so that it is more detailed, more convenient for readers to use. At the same time, in order to overcome the limitations of paper dictionary, expand its capacity, update entries in time, and make it easy for readers to carry, it is necessary to launch the Internet dictionary of the Chinese-Korean Dictionary.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekeliruan yang terdapat dalam kamus bilingual bahasa Indonesia-Korea, mengingat kepentingan kamus bilingual dalam pendidikan bahasa asing. Secara lebih terperinci, penelitian ini secara mendalam menyelidiki ‘Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia-Korea’ yang diterbitkan pada 2016 sebagai sebuah kamus yang dipandang representatif di antara kamus sejenis, berdasarkan anggapan bahwa penyusunan kamus bilingual pada dasarnya tidak berbeda dengan proses penerjemahan kamus monolingual/bilingual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa tipe kekeliruan dalam ‘Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia-Korea,’ yaitu kekeliruan makna yang tidak tepat, kekeliruan makna yang tidak memadai, kekeliruan penggunaan kata yang tidak baku atau berasal dari bahasa Melayu, kekeliruan karena salah ketik, kekeliruan gramatikal, dan kekeliruan contoh penggunaan. Tambahan pula, penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa kebanyakan kekeliruan tersebut diakibatkan oleh kekeliruan penerjemahan, khususnya dalam menerjemahkan nama flora, fauna, serta istilah. Lagi pula, terdapat banyak kekeliruan penerjemahan yang diakibatkan hanya oleh kelalaian dan kesembronoan penyusun kamus.

As an interest in the Chinese language, culture, society, and economy increases in Korea, a large amount of spoken and written narrative texts in Chinese are encountered in daily life and occupational areas. During the interaction process between the Chinese and Korean cultures, many difficulties can arise in understanding the definitions of Chinese vocabulary. The Chinese-Korean dictionary is an essential search tool for Koreans who wish to look up the definitions of Chinese texts. There are many things to consider when compiling a Chinese-Korean dictionary for native Korean speakers or those who study Chines through Korean: which vocabulary must be included, how to arrange them, how to select and explain their definitions and examples, etc. Among the vocabulary listed in the Chinese-Korean dictionary, this study analyzed the definitions of those that appeared less than 10 times in the Chinese corpus, and focused on determining the propriety of the vocabulary selections, as well as the accuracy of their definitions. Moreover, this study is the third study of section D and focused on the vocabularies included in D3 for our analysis.

Modern Chinese Dictionary, one of the most popular language reference books in Mainland China, has been published in seven editions by the end of 2016. As the most important and comprehensive revision was published in 2012, the 6th edition laid the foundation of the next version. The article makes a comparison between the fourth (supplement edition in 2002), fifth and sixth edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary in the changes of entries, phonetic notations, meanings and styles of standard revision in order to reveal the difficulties of the dictionary compilation. On the other hand, based on the evolution of the theory and practice, Modern Chinese Dictionary still needs to be modified constantly.

Fanqie (反切) is a traditional method of indicating the pronunciation of a Chinese character by using two other Chinese characters, one having the same consonant as the given character and the other having the same vowel (with or without final nasal) and tone. There are seven problematic aspects regarding Fanqie (反切) phonetic notation of polyphonic characters in The Grand Chinese Dictionary, 漢語大詞典. The first, the cited Chinese characters used as phonetic notations are wrong; the second, the attributions of phonological status about some polyphonic characters are not correct; the third, one or two phonetic notations are missing among several pronunciations of the polyphones; the fourth, the materials for phonetic evidences are neglected; the fifth, the evidences of some ancient sounds are lagging because of not finding the earliest evidence in citing ancient sound; the sixth, the main sounds and the secondary ones are reversed; and the last, the selected Chinese characters are not appropriate in some Fanqie phonetics.