목적: 건성안은 스트레스에 의해 영향을 받을 수 있는 대표적인 안과 질환이다. 본 연구는 제8기 국민건강영양조사 (2019–2021) 원시자료를 활용하여, 직업에 의한 스트레스와 건성안 간의 관련성을 분석하고자 하였다. 방법 : 국민건강영양조사 제8기 자료 중 건성안 진단 유무와 스트레스 인지 정도에 응답한 3,781명을 대상으로, 성별, 연령, 학력 등의 일반적 특성과 건성안 진단 유무, 스트레스 인지 정도, 직업군별 건성안 유병률 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 통계적으로 p<0.050을 유의수준으로 설정하였다. 결과 : 여성에서 남성보다 건성안 유병률이 높았으며, 젊은 연령층과 고학력자에게서 유병률이 유의하게 높았 다. 스트레스 인지 수준이 높을수록 건성안 발생률도 증가하였고, 직업군별로도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론 : 직업에 의한 스트레스는 건성안 유병률 증가와 통계적으로 유의한 관련이 있었다. 특히 스트레스 수준이 높은 직업군에서 건성안 발생률이 높았으며, 이에 따라 직업환경 개선 및 예방 대책 마련의 필요성이 확인되었다.

A survey was carried out in Paraguay to investigate the prevalence and distribution of sweet potato virus diseases. Two DNA viruses, Sweet potato pakakuy virus (SPPV) and Sweet potato symptomless virus (SPSMV), and three RNA viruses, Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), Sweet potato virus G (SPVG), and Sweet potato virus C (SPVC), were detected. They were cloned and sequenced. Sequences were deposited in GenBank of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Of 53 samples from which viruses were detected, SPVG was detected in 29, representing 57.6% of virus-detected samples. The second most common virus was SPFMV. It was detected in 23 samples. This is the first report of a sweet potato virus disease outbreak in Paraguay confirmed through viral sequence analysis.

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by GLA mutations, leading to a deficiency in α-Galactosidase A activity and subsequent accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). This accumulation contributes to progressive multiorgan dysfunction, with cardiovascular complications, particularly endothelial dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy being major drivers of disease morbidity and mortality. Although enzyme replacement therapy is currently the standard treatment, its effectiveness is limited in addressing advanced cardiovascular pathology. To better understand Fabry-associated vascular and cardiac phenotypes, an isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) model in which GLA was knocked out was developed using CRISPR/ Cas9. GLA-knockout (GLA-KO) hiPSCs were differentiated into endothelial cells (ECs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs) to evaluate disease-relevant phenotypes in vitro . GLA-KO ECs exhibited normal morphology and differentiation capacity but showed markedly impaired tube formation, high expression of inflammatory genes ICAM1, VCAM1, and SELE, and increased mitochondrial and cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species levels. GLA-KO CMs demonstrated enlarged cell size and nuclear translocation of NFATC4, consistent with hypertrophic remodeling. Together, these findings recapitulate key features of Fabry vasculopathy and cardiomyopathy in a genetically defined, human-derived system. This platform enables direct investigation of Gb3-induced oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms and provides a valuable model for the preclinical evaluation of therapeutic strategies targeting the cardiovascular manifestations of Fabry disease.

Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of a nursing simulation learning module for caring for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on nursing knowledge, clinical competence, team psychological safety, and learning satisfaction among nursing students. Methods: A non-equivalent control-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design was used with 36 students (18 per group) assigned to either a simulation group or a lecture group. Data collected from June 8 to July 13, 2024, were analyzed using SPSS 27.0. Results: Nursing knowledge showed no significant between-group difference (F=1.32, p=.260) but improved over time (F=8.24, p=.007). Clinical competence showed a significant group-by-time interaction (F=58.33, p<.001). Team psychological safety (t=2.70, p=.012) and learning satisfaction (t=2.27, p=.030) were higher in the simulation group. Conclusion: These findings provide foundational data for developing simulation-based educational strategies in nursing curricula. The module may also be applied to the training of novice nurses in clinical settings, thereby contributing to enhanced nursing education and improved clinical practice.

Marine medaka (Oryzias dancena)를 이용하여 다양한 수계 염분환경에 따른 주요 수산 병원체들의 감수성과 병원체와 어체 간 생리적 상호작용을 분석하였다. 세균성 병원체인 Edwardsiella piscicida, Vibrio anguillarum 및 V. harveyi의 염분별 생장분석을 분석하였다. 염분별 균주의 생장분석 결과 E. piscicida는 0 psu에서 7±0.2 mm 로 가장 높은 생장을 나타냈으며, V. anguillarum 및 V. harveyi는 30 psu에서 각각 10.8±0.763 및 14±1.732 mm로 활발한 생장을 나타내었다. 3종의 세균성 병원체 중 Marine medaka에 감수성이 가지는 E. piscicida 균주를 사용하여 염분별 액상배지에서 배양한 뒤, 인위감염시켜 염분별 환경에서 누적폐사율을 분석한 결과, high level 1 (3.85×1011 CFU/ml)에서 10 psu 조건에서 60%의 가장 높은 생존율이 나타냈으며, high level 2 (7.7×1010 CFU/ml)에서는 20 psu에서 25%의 가장 낮은 생존율을 보였다. 또한 E. piscicida 균주의 ECP protease 활성 분석 결과, 20 psu에서 가장 높은 효소 활성을 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 염분 환경에 따른 병원체의 생리적 특성과 감염력, 및 숙주의 감수성에 중요한 영향을 미치며, 해양 환경 변화에 따른 수산 질병 예측 및 예방 전략 수립에 유용한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

리시안셔스 (Eustoma grandiflorum)는 세계적으로 널리 재배되는 경제적으로 중요한 원예작물이지만 다양한 병원균에 의한 피해를 입고 있다. 2023년 12월 김해시에서 재배되고 있는 리시안셔스 잎이 어둡게 변색되고 시드는 병징이 발견되었다. 국내 리시안셔스 재배지에서 현재까지 이러한 질병은 보고된 바 없는 것으로 알려졌다. 본 연구에서는 리시안셔스의 병든 잎에서 병원균을 분리하였고, 형태학적, 분자생물학적 동정을 실시하였다. 병원균의 비교적 느리게 성장하며, 형태학적 특성은 균사가 밀집된 형태의 균총과 얇고 긴 형태의 분생포자(39.6 × 2.82 μm)를 형성하였다. 병원균의 분자생물학적 동정을 위해 ITS, LSU 영역 염기서열 분석을 실시하였고, GenBank 데이터와 비교한 결과 병원균은 Pseudocercospora eustomatis로 동정되었다. 추가적으로 리시안셔스에 대한 P. eustomatis의 병원성 검정을 실시한 결과, 포장에서와 동일한 병징이 관찰되었다. 본 논문은 국내에서 P. eustomatis에 의해 발생한 리시안셔스 점무늬병에 대한 최초 보고이다.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) cause substantial economic losses on the livestock industry. Therefore, vaccinations have been implemented as the control strategy in endemic countries. However, the potential adverse effects of administering vaccines for both diseases simultaneously have not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of vaccinating dairy cows with either or both LSD and FMD vaccines on milk production and physiological parameters such as milk temperature, rumination time and body weight. The experimental groups were divided into four according to the injection materials: 1) saline, 2) LSD vaccine, 3) FMD vaccine, and 4) both vaccines. The impact of vaccination on milk yield and physiological parameters was evaluated daily until 12 days post-vaccination, and milk components were analyzed twice, once per week. Among the experimental groups as well as each vaccine group, no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed at milk yield, milk components, or milk temperature. This suggests that simultaneous vaccination of LSD and FMD can be administered without adverse effects.

This study presents a novel methodology for analyzing disease relationships from a network perspective using Large Language Model (LLM) embeddings. We constructed a disease network based on 4,489 diseases from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) using OpenAI’s text-embedding-3-small model. Network analysis revealed that diseases exhibit small-world characteristics with a high clustering coefficient (0.435) and form 16 major communities. Notably, mental health-related diseases showed high centrality in the network, and a clear inverse relationship was observed between community size and internal density. The embedding-based relationship analysis revealed meaningful patterns of disease relationships, suggesting the potential of this methodology as a novel tool for studying disease associations. Results suggest that mental health conditions play a more central role in disease relationships than previously recognized, and disease communities show distinct organizational patterns. This approach shows promise as a valuable tool for exploring large-scale disease relationships and generating new research hypotheses.

In this study, we aimed to understand the effects of pest control on forest ecosystems by examining the populations of beetles, a bioindicator species, in pine wilt disease-affected areas. Density and diversity of beetles at the pest control (sites 1 and 2) and control (site 3) sites were compared. Site 1 contained 247 individuals of 11 species from 5 families, site 2 contained 461 individuals of 19 species from 9 families, and control site 3 contained 511 individuals of 19 species from 9 families. The following main species were collected from each site: 34 pine jewel beetles(Chalcophora japonica) in June, 23 red flat bark beetles(Synuchus cycloderus) in August, and 42 red flat bark beetles in September from site 1, 46 pine jewel beetles in June, 36 elegant beetles(Carabus jankowskii) in August, and 21 elegant beetles in September from site 2, and 31 red ground beetles(Coptolabrus smaragdinus) in June, 56 two-spotted dust beetles(Planetes puncticeps) in August, and 30 two-spotted dust beetles in September from site 3. Furthermore, diversity, evenness, and dominance indices were analyzed for all beetles collected from the pest control and control sites. Site 1 exhibited a diversity index of 0.706, evenness index of 0.711, and dominance index of 0.161. Site 2 exhibited a diversity index of 1.115, evenness index of 0.872, and dominance index of 0.097. Site 3 exhibited a diversity index of 1.101, evenness index of 0.861, and dominance index of 0.102. Similarity index was 47.4% between sites 1 and 2, 33.3% between sites 1 and 3, and 40.0% between sites 2 and 3.

Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) 시스템은 위장관 질환에서 난치성 출혈, 천공, 그리고 누공을 봉합하기 위한 full-thickness 봉합 장치로 기존의 through-the-scope clip (TTSC)에 비해 더욱 강한 힘으로 조직을 움켜잡아 봉합할 수 있으며, 비교적 큰 결손을 보이는 천공도 봉합이 가능한 장점을 가지고 있다. 저자들은 괴사성 췌장염으로 발생한 대장 누공과 담도 내 삽입된 플라스틱 배액관의 이탈로 인한 십이지장 천공을 OTSC로 성공적으로 치료했던 증례를 소개하고자 한다.

Agriculture plays a critical role in Uganda’s economy, contributing to 24% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and serving as the primary source of livelihood for a large portion of the population. Organic horticulture presents a promising pathway for sustainable development, offering economic opportunities through access to niche markets both locally and internationally. However, effective management for pests and diseases remains a major challenge in organic horticulture. This review addresses pest and disease issues affecting non-traditional export crops in Uganda, such as pepper, bitter gourd, and aubergine. Additionally, it provides an overview of botanical pesticides currently used in Uganda, along with approved organic fungicides (e.g., lime sulfur, copper) and insecticides (e.g., paraffinic oils, pyrethrum). This review explores physical and chemical properties, target pests, benefits, drawbacks, and active ingredients of these substances. The ultimate aim is to offer Ugandan farmers expanded options for managing pests and diseases in organic horticulture.

Because intact FMDV particles (146S) are often unstable in vitro, stabilizing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigens remains a key challenge in studying viral charateristics. Therefore, finding optimal condition to stabilize the FMDV is essential. In this study, we investigated formulations and potentials of several stabilizers such as appropriate buffer, excipients, and storage conditions to enhance the stability of 146S. Inactivated FMDV O-Jincheon (O-JC) was dissolved in various buffer formulations, and stored at 4℃ for two months to evaluate quantity of 146S at every 2-week interval. Among phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Tris buffered saline (TBS), HEPES buffered saline (HBS), and MOPS buffered saline (MBS), PBS showed more effective 146S stabilization that showed 1.3-1.6 fold higher 146S fraction than TBS, HBS, and MBS after storage for 2 weeks. However, constant dissociations of 146S were observed in all formulations at 8 weeks. Compared with other FMDVs, A22 Iraq and SAT-1, in PBS, O-JC proved to be the least stable in PBS. A variety of excipients including carbohydrate, sugar alcohol, cryo-protectant were tested for the capability in protecting O-JC from dissociation. By adding 4-8% sucrose, more than 60% of 146S fractions were maintained at 8 weeks, those were at least 1.8 fold higher than the PBS-only control. Addition of 1% β-cyclodextrin showed synergistic enhancement in O-JC stability. As the results of this study, it could be suggested that the PBS-based buffer together with 4-8% sucrose + 2% sorbitol or 2% sucrose + 2% sorbitol + 1% β-cyclodextrin could help the better stability of the O-JC in vaccine preparation.

Afghanistan is a producer of high-quality pistachios among the top ten producers in the World. Nowadays, these edible nuts are losing their quality and quantity due to hemipteran insect infestation and their diversity during all growth phases in the country borderline. The expansion of the pistachio pest in Iran has caused concerns for Afghanistan, especially in the provinces of Herat, Badghis, and Takhar which are close to the Iran borders. Hence, this survey was initiated to primarily detect the phytophagous insect pest presence in the pistachio open forest areas and to know what management tools were effectively used in alleviation of the pest infestation. Our findings indicated that galling aphids, aphids, thrips, and root beetles received the maximum positive responses in the Herat province, but psyllids, aphids, root beetles, leave miners, fruit borers and thrips received the highest responses in Badghis province. In addition, Takhar province depicted plant bugs, twig borer moths, galling aphids, leaf miners, and leafhoppers got the most positive responses accordingly. In the meantime, the data showed that management outcomes were not satisfactory despite the use of sanitation, cultural practices, and chemical application. The survey presented significant differences in the prevalence of pest and in the application of pest control methods among the survey regions. Finally, it is essential to develop the strategy of integrated pest management in order to stop the phytophagous insects from turning into actual pests. This will reduce the pistachio loss annually and improve the nut culture quality in Afghanistan.

본 연구는 코로나 19를 비롯하여 앞으로 발생할 수 있는 신종감염병에 적극적으로 대처할 수 있도록 요양보호사의 코로나 19 환자안전관리 활동 영향요인을 파악하여 감염병 안전관리 활동 촉진 방안을 모색하기 위한 근거자료로 활용하기 위해 진행한 서술적 조사연구이다. 대상자는 요양보호사 302명으로 자 료수집은 2022년 8월 1일부터 31일까지였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 29.0 프로그램을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe’s test, Person’s correlation coefficients, Multiple linear regression 방법으로 분석하였 다. 환자안전관리 활동은 코로나 19 인지도(r=.420, p<.001), 감염 예방행위(r=.585 p<.001)와 양의 상관관계 를 보였고, 환자안전관리 활동 영향요인으로 코로나 19 인지도(β=.331, p<.001)와 감염 예방행위(β=.529, p<.001)로 나타났고, 설명력은 44.3%였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 요양보호사의 환자안전관리 활동을 촉 진시키기 위해서는 코로나 19 인지도와 감염 예방행위를 고려한 환자안전관리 활동 교육프로그램을 개발하여 적용할 것을 제언한다.

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs is a heart disease that is characterized by histopathologic changes in cardiomyocytes, which ultimately result in valve degeneration and blood regurgitation due to structural changes in the heart valves. A number of studies have been conducted with the objective of identifying prognostic factors that may influence the prognosis of dogs with MMVD. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research examining the factors that predict MMVD stage progression as defined by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. The objective of this study was to examine whether there are factors associated with stage progression within one year of diagnosis in dogs diagnosed with subclinical MMVD (stage B1 or B2) using physical examination findings, clinicopathologic biomarkers, and echocardiographic markers. This is a retrospective study of veterinary practice performed at Chungbuk National University Animal Hospital. The electronic medical record of the hospital was searched to obtain clinical records of canine patients diagnosed with subclinical MMVD over an 11-year period. For each patient cohort, a logistic regression analysis was conducted. The variables were initially selected using the backward elimination method, and the optimal logistic regression model was determined by removing the independent variables with the largest variance inflation factor. Among the independent variables examined in this study, heart murmur intensity was identified as a statistically significant predictor of stage progression within one year for subclinical MMVD, a finding that aligns with those of previous studies. No other independent variables were found to be significantly associated with subclinical MMVD stage progression. This is the inaugural exploratory study to concentrate on blood test results, a relatively straightforward and quantifiable test result that can be readily obtained in primary care veterinary clinics, among the factors that may be associated with the progression of subclinical MMVD stages.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the psychoemotional changes experienced by mothers of children diagnosed prenatally with congenital heart disease. Methods: Data were collected from March 1 to November 3, 2022, through in-depth interviews with 10 mothers of babies diagnosed prenatally with congenital heart disease in a tertiary hospital. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method. Results: The following four themes, with 16 subthemes, were identified: 1) Contemplating maintaining the pregnancy amidst grief and denial, 2) Actively protecting the baby, 3) Recognizing the reality of the disease progression while facing the baby, and 4) Finally becoming a mother. Conclusion: The findings suggest that medical staff should provide accurate information about any disease a baby is diagnosed with before childbirth, understand mothers’ psychoemotional changes, and effectively utilize prenatal counseling. This can be achieved by further expanding the existing patient- and family-centered nursing intervention program implemented by the hospital.