고속도로에 적용되고 있는 소음저감대책 현황을 고찰하기 위해서 고속도로 건설 전 수행해야 하는 환경영향평가서와 고속도로 완공 후 소음기준 초과 소음에 대한 소음영향분석보고서를 검토하였다. 환경영향평가서는 시기별로 수립되는 방음대책이 변화하였다. 2013 년 전까지는 방음벽(흡음형, 반사형) 위주의 방음대책이 수립되었다. 그러나 2015년 이후 방음벽 이외의 배수성저소음포장과 소음감쇠 기를 저감방안으로 제시하였다. 그러나 보고서마다 소음저감효과가 서술되어 있거난 서술되어 있지 않았다. 환경영향평가 이후 신규소 음저감대책이 수록된 소음영향분석보고서에서 최근 5년간 보고서 일부를 중심으로 검토하였다. 소음대책 수립을 위해서 20년 후 장래 교통량을 이용하여 방음벽 신설, 방음터널, 소음감쇠기, 배수성저소음포장 등의 소음저감대책을 수립하였으며 방음벽과 배수성저소음 포장을 조합한 대책안이 많이 제시되었다.

PURPOSES : Recently, air pollution due to fine particulate matter has been increasing in Korea. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are particulate matter precursors significantly contributing to air pollution. Increasing efforts have been dedicated to NOx removal from air, since it is particularly harmful. Application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) for concrete road structures is a suitable alternative to remove NOx. As the photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 is the mechanism that eliminates NOx, the ultraviolet rays in sunlight and TiO2 in existing concrete structures need to be contacted for the reaction process. For the application of vertical concrete road structures such as retaining walls, side ditches, and barriers, a pressurized TiO2 fixation method has been developed considering the pressure and pressurization time. In this study, longterm serviceability and repeatability were investigated on concrete specimens applying the dynamic pressurized TiO2 fixation method. Additionally, the environmental hazards of nitrate adsorbed on TiO2 particles were evaluated. METHODS : Concrete specimens to simulate roadside vertical concrete structures were manufactured and used to evaluate the long-term serviceability and repeatability of the dynamic pressurized TiO2 fixation method. The NOx removal efficiency was measured using NOx evaluation equipment based on ISO 22197-1. In addition, the nitrate concentration was measured using a comprehensive water quality analyzer for evaluating environmental hazards. RESULTS : As the experiment to evaluate the NOx removal efficiency of the dynamic pressurized TiO2 fixation method progressed from one to seven cycles, the nitrate concentration increased from 2.35 mg/L to 3.06 mg/L, and the NOx removal efficiency decreased from 53% to 25%. After seven cycles of NOx removal efficiency evaluation, the average nitrate concentration was 3.06 mg/L. The nitrate concentration collected immediately after the NOx removal efficiency test for each cycle was in the range of 2.51 to 2.57 mg/L. By contrast, it was confirmed that the nitrate concentration was lowered to approximately 2.1 mg/L when the surface was washed with water. CONCLUSIONS : The NOx removal efficiency was maintained at over 25% even after seven cycles of NOx removal efficiency evaluation, securing long-term serviceability. In addition, the harmful effects on the environment and human health are insignificant, since the nitrate concentration was less than 10 mg/L, in accordance with domestic and foreign standards. Practical applicability of the pressurized TiO2 fixation method was established by evaluating the long-term serviceability, repeatability, and environmental hazards.

Domestic nuclear power plants conduct radiological environmental impact assessments every year in accordance with the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) notice. Among them, gaseous effluents are evaluated for their effects due to inhalation, external exposure in the air, exposure from ground surface deposits, food intake. In order to evaluate the impact of this exposure pathway, an evaluation point for each pathway must be selected. In the case of evaluation points, each country has different evaluation points. In the case of Korea, the evaluation point is calculated on the assumption that one lives 365 days a year at the EAB and consumes food from the nearest production area. In the case of the United States, external exposure and inhalation are evaluated at the site boundary or the nearest residential area, and food intake is evaluated by assuming that food produced in the nearest residential area or the nearest production area is consumed. Currently, the dose evaluation is optimized and selected so that EAB evaluation point for each site includes 16 direction evaluation points for each unit. In the E-DOSE60 program currently under development, the evaluation point was selected by calculating 16 direction x number of units without optimization. The food intake evaluation point was selected as the point that satisfies the minimum farmland area of the U.S. NRC NUREG-1301 and is the shortest distance from the site. The location of the production point from multiple units in included all 16 directions for each unit and quantity of evaluation points was optimized to satisfy the shortest distance. It can contribute to improving the reliability of the E-DOSE60 program currently under development by selecting new evaluation points for evaluating inhalation and external exposure evaluation and selecting optimized dose evaluation points for each site for evaluation by ingestion.

Evaluating the effectiveness of the radiation protection measures deployed at the Centralized Radioactive Waste Management Facility in Ghana is pivotal to guaranteeing the safety of personnel, public and the environment, thus the need for this study. RadiagemTM 2000 was used in measuring the dose rate of the facility whilst the personal radiation exposure of the personnel from 2011 to 2022 was measured from the thermoluminescent dosimeter badges using Harshaw 6600 Plus Automated TLD Reader. The decay store containing scrap metals from dismantled disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS), and low-level wastes measured the highest dose rate of 1.06 ± 0.92 μSv·h−1. The range of the mean annual average personnel dose equivalent is 0.41–2.07 mSv. The annual effective doses are below the ICRP limit of 20 mSv. From the multivariate principal component analysis biplot, all the personal dose equivalent formed a cluster, and the cluster is mostly influenced by the radiological data from the outer wall surface of the facility where no DSRS are stored. The personal dose equivalents are not primarily due to the radiation exposures of staff during operations with DSRS at the facility but can be attributed to environmental radiation, thus the current radiation protection measures at the Facility can be deemed as effective.

K-DOSE60, a off-site dose calculation program currently used by khnp, is performing evaluation based on the gaseous effluent evaluation methodology of NRC Reg. Guide 1.109. In particular, H-3 and C-14, which are the major nuclides of gaseous effluent, are evaluated using a ratio activity model. Among them, H-3 is additionally evaluating the dose to OBT (Organically Bound Tritium) and HT as well as HTO (Triated water). However, NRC Reg. Guide 1.109 is a methodology developed in the 1970s, and verification was performed by applying the evaluation methodology of H-3 and C-13 presented by IAEA TRS-472 in 2010 to the current K-DOSE60. The IAEA TRS-472 methodology also includes OBT and HT for H-3. In order to apply the ratio radioactivity model presented in IAEA TRS-472, the absolute and relative humidity were calculated using the weather tower of the nuclear site and used for H-3 evaluation. For the dose evaluation of HT, the previously used Canada Chalk River Lab. (CNL) conversion factor was used. For atmospheric carbon concentration, the carbon concentration presented in IAEA TRS-472 was used, not the carbon concentration in the 1970s of NRC Reg. Guide 1.109. It was confirmed that the K-DOSE60, which applied the changed input data and methodology, was satisfied by performing comparative verification with the numerical calculation value.

Recently, environmental DNA (eDNA)-based metabarcoding approaches have been proposed to evaluate the status of freshwater ecosystems owing to various advantages, including fast and easy sampling and minimal habitat disruption from sampling. Therefore, as a case study, we applied eDNA metabarcoding techniques to evaluate the effects of an abandoned mine land located near a headwater stream of Nakdonggang River, South Korea, by examining benthic macroinvertebrate diversity and compared the results with those obtained using the traditional Surber-net sampling method. The number of genera was higher in Surbernet sampling (29) than in the eDNA analysis (20). The genus richness tended to decrease from headwater to downstream in eDNA analysis, whereas richness tended to decrease at sites with acid-sulfated sediment areas using Surber-net sampling. Through cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling, the sampling sites were differentiated into two parts: acid-sulfated and other sites using Surber-net sampling, whereas they were grouped into the two lowest downstream and other sites using eDNA sampling. To evaluate freshwater ecosystems using eDNA analysis in practical applications, it is necessary to constantly upgrade the methodologies and compare the data with field survey methods.

기후변화로 인하여 이상 기상이 잦은 빈도로 발생하고 있어 사계절 균일한 규격의 채소 접목묘를 생산하기 위한 새로운 시스템이 필요하다. 인공광 이용 식물공장형 육묘시스템은 사계절 외부 기상의 영향을 받지 않고 균일한 모종을 생산할 수 있어 공정육묘장에서 도입을 검토하고 있다. 인공광 이용 식물공장형 육묘시스템의 환경 프로파일을 위하여 광량(수직 분포; 광원으로부터의 거리 255, 205 및 105mm, 수평 분포; 150 × 150mm 간격으로 총 45점), 광질, 기온 및 상대습도(수직 분포; 지면으로부터 615, 980, 1,345 및 1,710mm, 총 12개 지점)에 대하여 프로파일을 하였다. 오이 육묘 및 환경 프로파일 기간 육묘 모듈의 광량은 150μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , 일장은 16/8h, 기온은 25/20℃ 및 상대습도는 70/85%로 설정하였다. 인공광 이용 식물공장형 육묘시스템이 균일한 모종을 생산하는지 평가하기 위하여 ‘조은백다다기’ 오이를 파종 후 8일에 생장을 조사하였다(n=20). 육묘 모듈의 광량은 광원으로부터 거리가 255mm였을 때 167.2 ± 35.7였으며 설정치와 유사하였다. 광원으로부터 거리가 가까워진 곳에서 광량은 각각 11과 23% 증가하였으나, 표준편차가 1.8배 증가하였다. 인공 광원의 적색광/근적색광의 비율은 3.6이었다. 지면으로부터 615, 980, 1345 및 1710mm 떨어진 곳에서 육묘 모듈의 주/야 기온은 각각 24.7/19.5, 24.6/19.5, 24.7/19.4 및 24.7/19.6℃였다. 육묘 모듈의 높이에 의한 위치별 기온의 차이는 없었으나, 주/ 야 기온의 설정 값과는 각각 0.3 및 0.5℃의 차이는 있었다. 육묘 모듈의 상대습도도 위치별로 차이가 없었으며(71/84%), 상대습도의 설정값과 비교해도 1%의 차이로 매우 정밀하게 제어되었다. 파종 8일 후 오이 모종의 초장, 엽면적, 생체중 및 건물중은 각각 4.1 ± 0.1cm, 24.1 ± 3.7cm 2 , 0.7 ± 0.13g 및 0.05 ± 0.008g이었으며, 초장의 변이 계수가 약 2.4%이하로 매우 균일한 오이 모종을 생산하였다. 인공광 이용 식물공장형 육묘시스템에서 모종 생산에 큰 영향을 미치는 환경요인들 을 수직· 수평으로 프로파일하여 분석하였을 때 기온 및 상대 습도는 매우 정밀하고 정확하게 제어되었으며, 광량 및 광질도 오이 모종을 생산하기에 충분히 적절 하였다. 본 인공광 이용 식물공장형 육묘시스템을 보급한다면, 연중 균일한 우량 접목묘 생산을 위한 접수· 대목을 육묘 할 수 있을 것으로 기대 된다.

In recent years, maintaining transparency has become a trend among brands, and a better level of supply chain transparency has been demonstrated to positively affect consumer environmental concern and conscious behavior. Consumers may accept transparency efforts as a signal of the brand goodwill and perceive it as a visibly sustainable effort that can convert brand trust. In the information transparency trend, eco-certification plays an important role as a tool to inform consumers about sustainability. However, facing large amounts of information, consumers spend much time filtering information, so the accuracy of the obtained information can be compromised. The Higg index is a sustainable verification platform that reveals the entire activities of supply chains. However, most consumers are facing an overload of information that could confuse their processing of any information. In this context, the present study seeks to examine the effect of business transparency to conscious consumer behavior and purchase intention. Second, this study deals with the moderating effects of sustainable knowledge on the relationship between business transparency, environmental concern, and brand trust. Third, we explore the effects of high and low level of consume knowledge of sustainability on the relationship between business transparency and brand trust. In terms of the methodology used in the present study, an off-line survey of Korean consumers was conducted. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis aiming to test the proposed model and research hypothesis. The mains results of this study are as follows. First, business transparency has a positive effect on environmental concern, brand trust, and consumer willingness to conscious behavior. Second, consumer sustainable knowledge has a moderating effect on business transparency for environmental concern and brand trust. Taken together, the findings of the present study provide meaningful implications for marketers by highlighting the importance of transparency and introduction of a transparent eco-certification for communication with consumers. To successfully influence consumer willingness to assume conscious behavior, brands are advised to provide standardized transparency labels, rather than complicated information.

최근 국내에서는 지구온난화로 인한 해수면 상승과 이에 따른 태풍 및 해일의 증가로 인해 22개항을 선정하여 방파제 보강 및 방호 시설 설치 등의 공사를 시행중에 있다. 또한, 지속적인 선박대형화로 인해 대형선 접안을 위한 수심 준설, 접안부두 확장 등의 항만 공사를 수행하고 있으나, 접안선박의 안전한 계류와 밀접한 영향이 있는 마루높이의 상향 및 보강 등의 뚜렷한 공사 계획은 없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 국내·외 마루높이 설계기준을 분석하고, 환경 및 선박 요소로 나누어 마루높이 평가지표 및 평가방법을 개발하였다. 특히, 선박 평가지표의 경우 각 요소별로 국내·외 규정에 의거하여 4단계로 설정하고, 각 단계별로 평가값을 부여하여 평가값의 곱으로 마루높이 안전도를 평가하였다. 10만톤급 크루즈선의 계류안전성 시뮬레이션 결과, 적정 최저 마루높이 기준은 약최고고조위에서 3 m 상향된 값인 H3으로 도출되었다. 본 연구 결과는 선박 특성을 반영한 부두 마루높이 기준을 제안하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

In this study, we analyzed the concentration of cadmium and mercury in urine and lead in blood from 668 residents in the exposed and compared areas in Gwangyang-si and Yeosu-si, from July 2013 to December 2015. According to the lifestyle (past smoking, current smoking, passive smoking, drinking and exercise), the concentration of cadmium in urine was higher in the compared areas than in the exposed areas in Gwangyang. However, the concentration of cadmium in urine according to the lifestyle except drinking was higher in the exposed areas than in the compared areas in Yeosu. According to the past smoking and current smoking, the concentration of mercury in urine was higher in the compared areas than in the exposed areas in Gwangyang, but the passive smoking, drinking and exercise showed similar concentration levels both in the exposed and compared areas in Gwangyang. The concentration of mercury in urine according to the past smoking and current smoking was higher in the exposed areas than in the compared areas in Yeosu, but the concentration of mercury in urine according to the drinking and exercise was lower in the exposed areas than in the compared areas in Yeosu. According to the past smoking, the concentration of lead in blood showed similar concentration levels in the exposed and compared areas in Gwangyang, but regarding current and passive smoking, it was higher in the compared areas than in the exposed areas in Gwangyang. Especially, the concentration of lead in blood according to the drinking in Gwangyang showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The concentration of lead in blood according to the lifestyle was higher in the compared areas than in the exposed areas in Yeosu.

상부 탑재형 노내계측기(TM-ICI) 개발은 원자로하부헤드 대신 원자로상부헤드로 계측기를 삽입함으로써 중대사고 위험을 줄이기 위해 진행 중이다. 이 개발 과제의 일환으로, NUREG/CR-6909와 Code Case N-761의 두 방법에 따라 TM-ICI 노즐에 대한 환경피로평가가 수행되었다. TM-ICI 노즐은 level A, level B 및 시험 조건에서의 과도조건에 따른 하중을 받는데 이에 대해 피로평가를 해야 한다. 원자로냉각재환경이 고려된 TM-ICI 노즐의 누적사용계수는 1이하로 평가되었고, 이는 ASME Code 허용기준을 만족한다.

The vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean was developed by introducing a perilla γ- tocopherol methyltransferase gene (γ-TMT) under the control of pea vicilin promoter and a selection marker, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) gene. With regard to the potential problems of safety, the non-target organism evaluation is required as an essential element for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops. We studied the effects of the vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean feeding on survival of Daphnia magna which is commonly used as a model organism in ecotoxicological studies. The Daphnia magna was fed on vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean and non-genetically modified (non-GM) soybean (Willams 82) at 0, 1,000, 1,800, 3,240, 5,830, 10,500 and 20,000 mg/L concentrations, respectively. The GM soybean used for the test was confirmed to have the γ-TMT/PAT gene expression by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The results showed that there was no significant differences between cumulative immobilities of Daphnia magna fed on GM soybean and non-GM soybean. The 48hr-EC50 values showed no significant differences between GM soybean (2,416 mg/L) and non-GM soybean (2,408 mg/L). The results of this study suggested that there was no significant differences in toxicity for Daphnia magna between GM soybean and non-GM counterpart.