The purpose of this study is to observe the influence education experience (home, school, and mass media) on reducing practice behavior(purchasing, using, disposing and leading) of food-related wastes. The study also sought to promote strategy and suggest effective activation plans for the vitalization of behavior of reducing food-related wastes. The study subjects were 412 adult consumers who answered a structured questionnaire. The main findings are as follows: First, the scores of home education experience were 3.61±0.71, which was the highest, and 3.45±0.74 for school education experience, which was the lowest. Second, according to factor analysis, the reducing practice behavior of food-related wastes was converged purchasing, using, disposing and leading behavior. The scores of disposing behavior were 3.79±0.67, which was the highest, and 2.87±0.82 for leading behavior, which was the lowest. Third, the common variables influencing the reducing practice behavior(purchasing, using, disposing and leading) of food-related wastes were home education and mass media and the powerful variable influencing was home education. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the development of educational programs for effective food-related waste reduction.

본 연구에서는 고수분 음식물 및 농업 폐기물을 재활용한 고형연료 제조에 필요한 열분해장치를 개 발하고 실험을 통해 그 성능을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 건조용량 50kg/hr인 실험실용 열분 해장치를 제작하였다. 건조 처리된 농업폐기물과 음식물 폐기물을 열분해처리용 실험 원료로 사용하 였다. 원료종류, 열분해 온도, 열분해 시간에 따른 농업폐기물과 음식물 폐기물의 열분해 특성을 파악 하였다. 농업폐기물 건조물의 열분해 처리 결과, 열분해 처리능력은 평균 55.35kg/hr, 저위발열량은 평균 3,333kcal/kg으로 측정되었다. 열분해처리 하지 않은 농업폐기물의 고위발열량은 3,400kcal/kg, 저위발열량은 3,090kcal/kg으로 측정되어 열분해처리로 발열량이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 음식물 폐기 물 건조물의 열분해 처리 결과, 열분해 처리능력은 평균 88.27kg/hr, 저위발열량은 평균 4,016kcal/kg 으로 측정되었다. 열분해처리 하지 않은 음식물 폐기물의 고위발열량은 4,040kcal/kg, 저위발열량은 3,686kcal/kg으로 측정되어 열분해처리로 발열량이 역시 향상됨을 알 수 있다. 열분해 처리능력은 연구목표치인 50kg/hr보다 높게 나타났으며, 저위발열량은 연구목표치인 4,000kcal/kg 보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 다만 저위발열량 측정 기준 함수율이 습량기준으로 약 10%로 추정되는 바 5%로 조절하 고, 열분해 열풍온도를 상승시키면 발열량이 더욱 향상될 것으로 판단되었다.

In this paper, the expert system to reduce the amount of food waste is proposed. The method of material flow analysis (MFA) is applied. Proper handling of waste beyond the terms of the need for proactive research been mentioned before, but actually cause the waste generator research focuses on consumer behavior and the business community to analyze the flow of materials within the study are insufficient . In this paper, the type of food consumption and food waste, look at the relationship between the occurrence of secondary schools in the diet is provided for students to examine the preferences of the target model diet expert system was reconfigured . Preference for leaving the food in the diet leads to the important information that is Each diet recipes that make up the target material flow analysis (MFA) was constructed to perform all the database . This database is currently being generated from the rain while cooking diet edible plants and materials to reflect the self-esteem following the recommended diet is used to create . Reducing food waste is actually being used currently in research knowledge to the knowledge base was constructed . Future Home Smart System was developed in conjunction with the system to the user , by providing guidelines for the utilization can be expected.

Dry Process(natural drying, hot-air drying, oil fry drying), optimized mixture ratio and the condition of carbonization was carried out in order to improve the product durability develop eco-friendly solid fuel mixing food waste and paper sludge. As a result of the experiment, oil fry drying process was the fastest method for drying food waste and paper sludge mixture that contains 80% water inside, and the optimized mixture ratio to minimize the generating concentration of chlorine gas against caloric value of mixture ratio was 7:3. Additionally proper temperature of product carbonization was about 200℃ and shown increasing product durability through the carbonization. Therefore, the pelletized solid fuel be shaped diameter around 0.5cm, length 2cm under which was pulverized and molded using 7:3 mixture of food waste, and paper sludge was the eco-friendly solid fuel possible to be industrialized which is consist of chlorine concentration of below 2.0wt% and the lowest caloric value of over 5,000kcal/kg. In conclusion, this developing manufacturing process of the solid fuel can be interpreted to contribute alternative energy development in accordance with low carbon and green growth era.

The combination ratio of oyster mushroom cultivation supplements have used poplar sawdust(PS) 50% : beet pulp(BP) 30% : cotton seed(CS) 20%. we substituted cotton seed and beet pulp for dry wastes(DW) 10, 20. 30% respectively. In case of mixing DW 10% except from CS, mycelial growth was inhibited a little, but mycelial density was accelerated a little. The more DW contents increase, the more mycelial growth was inhibited, but mycelial growth was accelerated a little, respectively. In case of mixing DW except from CS, mycelial growth was inhibited a little bit. In case of mixing DW except from CS and BP, mycelial growth was inhibited remarkably. CHUNCHU variety developed resistance to DW than SUHAN variety.

수열탄화 기술은 고온에서 반응이 발생하는 열분해 탄화기술의 단점을 보완하기 위한 방법으로 일정 온도조건(150~200oC)와 고압(10~20 kg/cm²)의 증기를 이용해 슬러지 내 미생물의 세포벽을 파괴함으로서 탈수성을 향상시키고 고액분리를 통해 액체생성물의 가용화 효율을 높이는 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 하수슬러지와 음식물폐기물을 혼합하여 수열탄화반응을 통해 생성된 고체생성물을 이용하여 최종적인 에너지원으로 사용하기 위한 건조실험을 진행하였다. 건조기는 0.9m²의 Lab 테스트용 디스크건조기를 사용하였고, 건조단계에서 많은 에너지가 소비되는 특성에 맞는 최적의 건조조건을 찾고자 하였다. 실험에 투입된 수열탄화물(함수율 57%)은 먼저 전처리(파쇄) 유무에 따라 각각 나누었으며, 건조열원은 스팀압력(1.2~3.7 kg/cm²G)로 초기온도에 따라 설정하였고 수열탄화물 투입량은 3.8~4.7 kg/batch, 디스크 회전속도는 약 15~19 rpm, 체류시간은 함수율 10wt%가 되었을 때까지 실험을 진행하였다. 본 실험을 통해 수열탄화물의 건조특성 곡선을 통해 건조효율을 종합적으로 평가하고, 최적의 설계인자를 확보하고자 하였다.

수분함량과 유기물 함량이 80% 이상으로 매우 높고, 염도가 높은 국내 음식물쓰레기는 저장 및 운송과정에서 쉽게 부패하는 문제가 있어 적정 처리에 대한 효과적 기술 개발 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 유기물질을 분해하는 미생물이 산소를 이용하는 호기성 퇴비화방법은 유기물을 안정화시키는 것으로 미생물이 음식물 쓰레기를 분해하여 부식질인 퇴비물질, 물과 이산화탄소로 전환시킨다. 본 연구에서는 음식물쓰레기 발효 소멸 시스템을 이용 음식물쓰레기를 처리 하여 음식물 쓰레기의 발효특성을 알아보았다. 이를 통해 운전 안정화를 위한 미생물 활성기반 제어인자를 도출 하고자 하였다. 수분 조절을 위한 통기 개량제는 우드칩이 사용되었고 교반기의 혼합은 3rpm으로 진행되었다. 반응온도는 가온없이 자체발열로 운전 하고 흡인송풍으로 공기가 공급되었다. 운전인자 도출을 위한 발효물질 분석은 공업분석, 원소분석 등이 수행되었고 pH, 함수율, 염도 등이 측정되었다.

Experiments were conducted to propose manufacturing methods to make loess ball using food wastes. Food wastes were used to improve porosity and increase specific surface area of loess ball. Red clay, food wastes and clay were used as main raw materials in making loess ball and these were mixed with varying ratio in order to find out optimum mixing ratio. The optimum mixing ratio of food wastes is evaluated to amount to 30%. In this case, 33.61 kg/cm2 of compressive strength, 65.13% of porosity, 50.04% of absorbing ratio, and 6.302 m2/g of specific surface area are obtained. When evaluating cross section and the appearance of red clay ball made up of 30% food wastes through a visual inspection and SEM photograph, it can be observed that a lot of pores are formed across the red clay ball due to the volatilization of moisture and organic matter in food wastes during the high-temperature burning. Taking into account compressive strength, porosity, absorbing ratio, specific surface area, and SEM photograph altogether, the optimum mixing ratio of loess, food wastes, and clay in the loess ball were 30%, 50%, and 20%, respectively. When evaluating the cross-section and outer appearance of the loess ball that comprise 30% of food wastes by SEM photography, it can be concluded that the optimum mixing ratio of loess, food wastes, and clay in the loess ball amounts to 30%, 50%, and 20%, respectively. Compressive strength of the manufactured loess ball amounts to 42.52 kg/cm2, which is 26.5% higher than the values obtained in the condition when the loess ball made without food wastes. However, the values of porosity, absorbing ratio, and specific surface area are somewhat lower than the corresponding values obtained in the condition when the loess ball was manufactured without food wastes.

This study investigated the semi-continuous and continuous cultivation of microalgae-sludge for artificial digested food wastes leachate treatment, and the effect of hydraulic retention times(HRT) on microalgae growth and nutrient removal. In this study, two reactors were examined the HRTs from 4 to 1 day, the Chlorella vulgaris cell density of semi-continuous and continuous cultivation reached a maximum value at HRT 3 day, then decreasing HRT to 2 day and 1 day the Chlorella vulgaris cell density was decreased. The maximum Chlorella vulgaris cell density in semi-continuous cultivation was 1.4 times higher than continuous cultivation. The maximum NH4-N, PO4-P removal efficiency was 100%, 75.7% with HRT of 3 day in semi-continuous cultivation, while 96.5%, 65.7% with HRT of 4 day in continuous cultivation. These results indicate that semi-continuous cultivation is more suitable than continuous cultivation. And the effect of increased light intensity from 100 μmol/m²/s to 400 μmol/m²/s was also evaluated, as the result, increased light intensity improved Chlorella vulgaris cell growth and nutrient removal.

Recycling of food wastes was tried based on fermenting and composting food wastes using a microbial consortium. Manufactured compost (using 11.3% food waste) turned out to be effective in increasing soil fertility and crop growth (radish; Raphanus sativus). More specifically, the treatment of the composted food wastes enabled a stimulated growth of radish leaves by 80% and an increased uptake of δ15NAIR by 250% compared with a commercial organic compost. Moreover, the compost derived from the wastes appeared to allow a sustainable management of nitrogen fertilizer compared with the chemical fertilizer, minimizing nitrogen pollution. The microbial community analysis showed significant difference in the microbial community pattern in soil treated with the composted food wastes relative to soil treated with a commercial organic fertilizer or a chemical fertilizer. The results may indicate that the wastes processed by the consortium could result in an efficient recycling of the nuisance materials such as food wastes and other organic solid wastes.

The main purpose of this study is to identify the connection between urban characteristics and food wastes production. As a fundamental work for ‘Resource Recirculation’ in the metropolis, urban indicators is classified into traits of population, land use, residential construction, traffics, industries and economies in detail and then the extracted particular variables illustrate the relation of urban features and organic wastes by classifying urban indicators into traits of population, land use, residential construction, traffics, industries and economies. The scope of research is conducted in seventy-four district (Gu in Korea) in seven metropolises including Seoul to manifest the interrelationship of cities and wastes by correlation and multiple correlation analysis. According to this research, it concludes that the most influential variables for the existing food wastes treatment facility's location is the economic variables, property taxes than the population traits such as the number of population and employees. Particularly, the a noteworthy part is that the household is more critical element of wastes generation than the total population in population features.

This study is about a kind of organic waste, food waste, and was conducted by using an alternative medium for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms to examine applicability. The study investigated the cultivation characteristics for major cultivated varieties of oyster mushrooms and the growth characteristics within food waste mediums. In addition, NaCl desalinization of food waste is being pointed out as a problem when using the medium, therefore, the effects of the medium's composition were examined by using calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate is used for desalinization of NaCl. This study investigated the use of a total of 6 cultivars of the oyster mushroom, the Suhan (PL.1), Chiak No. 5 (PL.2), Chiak No. 7 (PL.3), Samgu No. 5 (PL.4), Samgu No. 8 (PL.5), Jangan No. 5(PL.6). In terms of medium, the optimum growth of the mycelium of the oyster mushroom was observed in the PDA medium. The optimal culture conditions was pH 6.0 in Samgu No. 8 (PL. 5) and pH 5.5-6.6 in another cultivar. In terms of food waste, the mycelium’s growth were investigated and found insufficient in the bulk of cultivars. but Chiak No. 7 (PL.3) was superior to that of other cultivars relative to the mycelium’s growth. (Mycelium’s growth: Chiak No. 7 (PL.3) = Jangan No. 5 (PL.6) > Samgu No. 8 (PL.5) > Samgu No. 5 (PL.4) > Suhan (PL.1) > Chiak No. 5 (PL.2)). In the test of desalinization using Calcium carbonate, the early salt concentration was 4.3%. When treating the calcium carbonate (1 ~ 10%) in the food waste, a change of salt concentration less than 5% of the calcium carbonate could be observed. Also, when treating the calcium carbonate (1 ~ 10%, w/w) in the food waste medium, a great change of EC could not be observed either. Therefore, the addition of calcium carbonate to food waste does not affect the growth of the mushroom, thus we had to speculate about the possibility of using food waste in the cultivation of oyster mushrooms.

Clean plate education program was applied to change students' perception on food waste in the dormitory cafeteria of T campus G university that is located in Tongyeong, in which 408 students joined the program. From survey and food waste monitoring, it was found that clean plate education program was effective to change students' perception as well as action. Half students (50.5%) answered that their eating habit changed, and among them 30.1 % students left a little food on the plate and 13.1% students left no food behind. Many students become aware of the seriousness of food waste issue (84.5%), and 44.2% students were trying to reduce leftover. Food waste generation in cafeteria was 341.9, 576.1, 344.3g/capita/day in 2005, 2007 and 2008, respectively. And this shows that food waste generations were much less than national average data except 2007. Therefore we could conclude that clean plate education program was satisfactory to change students' perception on food and to change their action, and it could be an excellent new approach to resolve a social issue caused by food waste. In order to reduce food waste generation at dormitory cafeteria, food taste and diet should be improved and students' eating habits also should be changed. For this, a practical program like clean plate education should be organized.

In this study, optimization of anaerobic co-digestion for food and livestock wastes was studied by an experimental design method. A central composite design (CCD) was applied in designing experiments. Selected two independent variables for this study were initial substrate concentration and mixing rate of livestock wastes. The ranges of experiment for initial substrate concentration and mixing rate of livestock wastes were 2~10 g-VS/L and 0~100%, respectively. Selected responses were methane yield, maximum methane production rate and volatile solids (VS) removal rate. The experimental design was analyzed using a response surface methodology (RSM). Models obtained by the RSM were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANOVA demonstrated that the models were highly significant. Optimal conditions obtained for the models were initial substrate concentration of 2.1 g-VS/L and mixing rate of livestock wastes of 48.8%, respectively. The measured values under the optimal conditions were well in agreement with the predicted values from the models. Thus, it showed that the CCD and RSM were appropriate for determination of an optimal mixing condition in the anaerobic co-digestion process for food and livestock wastes.

This study has been conducted to optimum operating conditions for effective acid fermentation according to OLR(organic loading rate) in the mesophilic and thermophilic acid fermentation process. The results are summarized as follows. In order to obtain reasonable acid fermentation efficiency in performing acid fermentation of food wastes in thermophilic condition, organic loading rate was required below 20 gVS/L.d. As SCODCr/TKN, SCODCr/T-P of thermophilic acid fermented food wastes in organic loading rate 20 gVS/L.d were 18.9, 73.4 respectively, it was possible to utilize as external carbon source for denitrification in sewage treatment plant after solid-liquid separation as well as co-digestion of fermented food wastes and sewage sludge.

This study has been conducted to investigate biodegradation characteristics and optimum mixing ratio for co-digestion with thermophilic acid-fermented food waste and sewage sludge using batch anaerobic digester. As the basis operating conditions for anaerobic digestion, the reaction temperature was controlled 35±1℃ and stirrer was set 70rpm. Thermophilic acid-fermented food waste and sewage sludge were mixed at the ratio of 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10 and 5;5(food waste : sewage sludge) as the influent substrates. In results of co-digestion according to mixing ratio of thermophilic fermented food wastes and sewage sludge in batch mesophilic anaerobic digestion reactor, 385mL CH4/g VSadded of methane production rate at 1:1 mixing ratio was more than that of any other mixing ratios. Compared with 293mL CH4/g VSadded of methane production rate at 1:1 mixing ratio of food wastes and sewage sludge, pretreatment of food wastes by thermophilic acid fermentation was more effective in co-digestion with sewage sludge.