Various artificial reefs provide the fish habitat and nursery, and contribute the improvement of fisheries productivity. The evaluation methods of fishery resources in the artificial reefs have been done by fishing, scuba diving, underwater camera, and scientific echo sounder/sonar. There are a number of studies using echosounders on the quantitative and qualitative evaluations of artificial reefs in various seas around the world. This study focused on the spatial distribution of fishes around artificial reefs and the influential area of reefs off Bukchon, Jeju Island. Not only acoustic data but also various properties of artificial reefs were used in the geographic information system to extract relevant results. As a result, the major material of reefs on this study site was concrete and the number of reefs with that material was the most. The volume of reefs consisted of steel only and steel with riprap was considerably large compared to other reefs. The average NASC in the vertical distribution of fishes in artificial reefs was 31.6 m2/nm2 in April, and that was 61.3 m2/nm2 in June. The distance between the fish school and their nearest reef in June morning had a wide range from 750 to 3250 m. On the basis of the influence ray of artificial reefs, it had a tendancy of NASC to decrease with distance from the reef in the June morning. It is a preliminary study to present the geospatial analysis example to understand a better way of comprehensive artificial reef environments.

Solenopsis geminata has been found in South Korea, suggesting a risk of its invasion has been increased by rapid climate change. This situation requires species distribution modeling to predict possibility of Solenopsis geminata introduction, but information necessary for performing it is very limited. In this study, we developed a map for global distribution of Solenopsis geminata so that the map can be used for future species distribution modeling. Also, as the first step to assess Solenopsis geminata introduction, climatic similarity between its origin (Puerto Rico) and major cities in South Korea was compared. We used ArcMap (version 10.0) for creating the distribution map by obtaining current habitat from public database, and CLIMEX was used to compare climates based on CMI value. The result showed that climates were not similar as indicated by CMI less than 0.52, suggesting the risk of intial introduction is low under the current climatic condition. However, it should be noted that climatic similarity did not consider biological characteristics of Solenopsis geminata and climate change. Thus, the next study will be devoted to climatic suitability simultaneously considers meteorological data, distribution and biological information.

Recently, online grocery shopping has been increasing with the development of internet, mobile, and IT technology due to the proportion of consumers changes like increasing single households and double-income couples. Therefore, online sales from distributors with offline stores have also increased, and the offline retailers are facing their limits in dealing with store-based online channel they have carried out. Domestic offline retailers benchmarked overseas advanced retailers to solve this problem by reviewing about developing the online-only distribution center. However, much investment is needed in order to operate the distribution center with the new concept from abroad. In this study, we have reviewed the current online grocery market trend and the theory related to developing distribution system of the online mall. For offline retailers, we have reviewed the case which developed the distribution center applied to the nation’s first online-only distribution center. The purpose of this study is reducing trial and error for local retailers in developing online-only distribution centers and suggesting ways to improve investment effect.

The today many companies are tilting to enjoy the dominant position in the globalization of global market. The past business management is focus on the price and quality, but many companies are doing our utmost for customer satisfaction of various needs of customers. Therefore, The efficient logistics management is a core element in the competitiveness of company that respond more quickly and effectively to market. Now, The companies are building an integrated SCM(Supply Chain Management) system that is able to manage and operate procurement, production, distribution & logistics activity. Among the IT infra, The RFID technique is received special attention for this successful SCM System, continuously it is being researched and developed. Also, they recognize RFID techniques that offer various services at supply chain flow, create value of company. This study propose implications in other industry for biz model development and direction based on RFID in many industry through case study for development of the distribution logistics information system on using RFID.

Information is known to be a key element for the successful operation of a supply chain, which is required of the efficient ordering strategies and accurate predictions of demands. This study proposes a method to effectively utilize the meteorological for

Information is known to be a key element for the successful operation of a supply chain, which is required of the efficient ordering strategies and accurate predictions of demands. This study proposes a method to effectively utilize the meteorological forecast information in order to make decisions about ordering and prediction of demands by using the Taguchi experimental design. It is supposed that each echelon in a supply chain determines the order quantity with the prediction of precipitation in the next day based on probability forecast information. The precipitation event is predicted when the probability of the precipitation exceeds a chosen threshold. Accordingly, the choice of the threshold affect the performances of a supply chain. The Taguchi method is adopted to deduce a set of thresholds for echelons which is least sensitive to changes in environmental conditions, such as variability of demand distributions and production periods. A simulation of the beer distribution game was conducted to show that the set of thresholds found by the Taguchi method can reduce the cumulative chain cost, which consists of inventory and backlog costs.

Consumers keep demanding for diversified high quality products, valuable services and safety. With this in mind, Distribution Industry is being updated rapidly to accomodate this demand. Meanwhile, Distribution Information Technology of agricultural products has been in slow progress with little in-depth studies. In this study, it has been analyzed the usage of Bar code which is the key element for agricultural Distribution Information Technology. The analysis was conducted through a survey utilizing questionnaire covering 5 Hypermarkets(Super-centers) including big 3 companies. Also, Japanese market trends have been studied to visit a Japan Government Organization concerned, GS1 Japan, an Agricultural Cooperative, an Agricultural Wholesale Market, and a Retail Company. If we could use KAN code for all agricultural products, we could collect and analyze the information of price and trade quantity of them. It opens a new era to understand the agricultural products supply and demand easily. This will certainly make a great contribution to the evolution of agricultural products distribution. From this research, it is suggested that collective efforts by suppliers, wholesalers, retailers and Government Officers are needed to make large scale mutual marketing Organizations, which specialize in sending out agricultural products. The Organization is recommended to standardize and pack every final agricultural products, to promote the use of KAN code.

21세기 첨단영상매체인 디지털 비디오 디스크(DVD)가 지난 1996년 11월 처음 등장한 이래, 올해로 만 8년째를 맞이한 DVD산업은 본격적인 성장기에 접어들고 있다. 하지만 현재 국내 DVD유통업체는 비효율적인 푸시(Push)유통체제로서 유통물류시스템을 가동하고 있다. 따라서 국내 DVD유통관련 업계의 물류비용 절감과 DVD유통(제조업 포함)업계의 사업 참여를 적극 유도하여 선진 유통정보시스템 구현을 통한 산업 경쟁력 확대차원의 사업추진방안이 필요한 실정이다.

해충의 발생예찰자료의 분석에 있어서 지리자료처리체계의 활용 가능성을 검토하였다. 전국의 152개 병해충 발생예찰소의 해충 발생자료를 이용하여 해충지리적 분포정보를 집적하는 "데이터베이스" 체계를 SPANS(Spatial Analysis Systme)로 구축하였다. 구축된 "지리분포 데이터베이스"로부터 최근 10년간 이화명나방 발생량의 분포변동을 추적한 결과 일반계 품종이 확대 재배되기 시작한 80년대 중반터 고밀도 분포지가 급속히 확산됨을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 분포의 확산과 수축의 중심은 전북의 이리지역임이 확실하게 나타났다. 별멸구의 초기(7월초) 비래량의 분포를 비래후 온도조건과 결부시켜 후기(9월중)의 벼멸구 발생위험지역을 예측하는 시뮬레이션 모형을 구성하였다. 모형에 의해 추정된 벼멸구 발생위험지역을 예측하는 시뮬레이션 모형을 구성하였다. 모형에 의해 추정된 벼멸구 발생지의 분포도를 1990년 9월의 실재 발생분포도와 비교한 결과 경북 청도지역을 제외하고는 분포양상이 매우 유사하였다. 경사도, 고도, 재배작물 등의 분포도를 추정된 벼멸구 발생도와 함께 투시.분류(Overlay/Modeling)하는 기법을 사용한 결과 서남부지역의 벼멸구 국지적 발생위험지를 구분해 낼 수 있었다.

Hwapocheon stream is located in Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, and a part was declared a protected wetland area in 2017. In 2020 and 2021, we investigated the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates of the Hwapocheon stream to provide ecological information for the management of the wetland. As a result, 4 phyla, 6 classes, 20 orders, 51 families, 83 species, and 2,621 individuals of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified. The average indices of diversity, richness, and evenness were the highest in the midstream area, whereas the highest average index of dominance was observed upstream. Seven biological water quality evaluations based on the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates showed that the Biological Monitoring Working Party was an extremely suitable method for environmental evaluation of the Hwapocheon stream. Regarding functional feeding groups, the number of species of predators and gathering-collectors was the highest, and considering habitual dwelling groups, the number of species of clingers and sprawlers was the highest. The species number of Odonata, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera increased toward the downstream area, whereas the community loss index was the highest upstream. We also investigated relative resistance and resilience based on the distribution of aquatic insects and found that community stability was the highest downstream, whereas the lowest upstream.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to discuss problems and propose the direction of the current international university placement program in the country by deriving the concept of and developing questionnaires for 'service satisfaction'. Research design, data, and methodology –The SERVQUAL scale was used to measure the quality of services. In this study reliability, empathy, and assurance are used to measure the quality of the international university placement system, considering the characteristics of the education environment. The survey data is based on responses from 280 students who either have completed the international university placement system and currently studying abroad, or are studying the domestic part of the program. Cronbach's Alpha value was calculated. To verify the hypothesis, the multiple regression analysis was conducted. Results - According to the study, the satisfaction rate of the domestic learning process is heavily relied on reliability and empathy; particularly empathy on the curriculum of the international placement program. The study also found that to make students to feel a high sense of achievement, the satisfaction rate is a priority which should be improved. Conclusions - The results from the analysis of the hypothesis shows that the satisfaction rate of students who are taking the domestic part of the international university placement program should be increased.

Purpose Currently, organizations – must have a plan to achieve their future objectives. In this case, an information strategy facilitates greater success when planning for the future in any organization. Research design, data, and methodology – The core objective of the project was to explore the information infrastructure of Walkbase in a discursive manner. We started the project by providing a description of the firm, which facilitates retail outlets using in-store analytical devices. Results – We conclude that the management of Walkbase revised its current information structure to implement a more structured one that might be included in a long-term investment. On such an occasion, management can prioritize the component to develop first. Conclusions – Along with our results, we also described the business, its products, its facilities, and how it can serve different industries. Finally, we left the prioritization decision within the framework’s components to top management.

최근 증가하고 있는 소셜 네트워크 서비스의 이용은 재난사고 발생 시, 재난정보의 전달에 큰 역할을 하고 있다. 소셜 네트워크 서비스는 이용자들이 서로간의 관계망을 통해 실시간·쌍방향으로 소통이 가능해 정보 전달이 쉽고 빠르게 공유되는 특징을 가지고 있어, 재난사고 발생 시 중요한 재난정보 전달매체로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국방재학회에서 선정한 ‘2014년 재난사고 10선’을 대상으로 소셜 네트워크 서비스 내 재난정보 내용 및 전달체계 분석을 통해 재난정보의 전달 및 공유의 특징을 분석하고자 한다. 국내 약 600만명의 이용자를 보유한 대표적인 소셜 네트워크 서비스인 트위터를 이용하여, 2014년에 발생한 10건의 재난사고와 관련된 트윗과 리트윗 자료를 분석해 이용자 간의 재난정보 내용 및 연결망을 분석하였다. 또한 소셜 네트워크 서비스 이용자들의 재난에 대한 인식과 정보 제공 기관과 언론사들에서 생산된 재난정보의 전달과정과 특징에 대해 분석하였다. 소셜 네트워크 서비스를 이용하는 시민들의 재난에 대한 인식 및 재난정보의 전달체계 분석은 효율적인 재난정보 관리에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

The paper deals with the impact of the product distribution and information technology sectors on energy resource use, carbon emissions and economic growth by examining the long-run equilibrium relationships and Granger causal relationships among these variables in South Korea. The quarterly time series data from the first quarter of 1970 to the third quarter of 2010 (163 observations) are collected and retrieved from the Bank of Korea database. The paper examines the long-run equilibrium relationships using cointegration techniques and Granger causality using vector error correction models. Test results indicate a long-run equilibrium relationship exists among these variables. In testing directional causality, both the product distribution and the information technology sectors show direct effects on economic growth but only marginal effects on carbon emissions.

Nowadays meteorological information is systemized as a useful knowledge which has a significant effect on the overall industrial domains over the simple data. The distribution industry, which has the short life cycle, depends on the meteorological information at the strategic level. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the continuous investment in meteorological information because there is a hostility to paying for a service, particularly it does not provide accurate and reliable information. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to increase the usefulness of meteorological information in the distribution industry for its economic effectiveness from the core meteorological factors. We found significant meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation, disaster) that have a critical influence on the distribution industry through the hierarchical analysis process, and their importance according to the type of distribution channels, such as department store, large-scale discount store, convenience store, and home shopping. We performed the AHP analysis with 103 survey samples by middle managers from the various distribution channels. We found that precipitation is the critical meteorological factor across the distribution industry. Based on this result, we stress the difference in the level of the meteorological information in order for the effectiveness of each type of distribution channels.

본 연구에서는 generalized logistic(GL) 분포의 최우도 추정량(maximum likelihood estimate)에 대한 불확실성 추정을 위하여 사용되는 관측정보행렬(observed information matrix)과 Fisher 정보행렬(Fisher information matrix)의 정확도를 비교해 보고자 하였다. 타 분포형에 대한 기존의 연구결과에서 표본의 크기가 클 경우 매개변수 추정시 관측정보행렬이 동시에 추정되어 계산시간