Most wetlands worldwide have suffered from extensive human exploitation. Unfortunately they have been less explored compared to river and lake ecosystems despite their ecological importance and economic values. This is the same case in Korea. This study was aimed to estimate the assemblage attributes and distribution characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates for fifty wetlands distributed throughout subtropical Jeju Island in 2021. A total of 133 taxa were identified during survey periods belonging to 53 families, 19 orders, 5 classes and 3 phyla. Taxa richness ranged from 4 to 31 taxa per wetland with an average of 17.5 taxa. Taxa richness and abundance of predatory insect groups such as Odonata, Hemiptera and Coleoptera respectively accounted for 67.7% and 68.2% of the total. Among them Coleoptera were the most diverse and abundant. Taxa richness and abundance did not significantly differ from each wetland type classified in accordance with the National Wetland Classification System. There were three endangered species (Clithon retropictum, Lethocerus deyrolli and Cybister (Cybister) chinensis) and several restrictively distributed species only in Jeju Island. Cluster analysis based on the similarity in the benthic macroinvertebrate composition largely classified 50 wetlands into two major clusters: small wetlands located in lowland areas and medium-sized wetlands in middle mountainous regions. All cluster groups displayed significant differences in wetland area, long axis, percentage of fine particles and macrophyte composition ratio. Indicator Species Analysis selected 19 important indicators with the highest indicator value of Ceriagrion melanurum at 63%, followed by Noterus japonicus (59%) and Polypylis hemisphaerula (58%). Our results are expected to provide fundamental information on the biodiversity and habitat environments for benthic macroinvertebrates in wetland ecosystems, consequently helping to establish conservation and restoration plans for small wetlands relatively vulnerable to human disturbance.

본 연구는 우리나라 최남단에 위치한 제주특별자치도 사계 해안사구의 식생에 따른 군락분포와 식물상을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구는 2020년 4월부터 2021년 10월까지 총 20회에 걸쳐 이루어졌다. 연구 결과, 상관식생형은 해안 염습지식생, 해안정선 일이 년생 초본식생, 해안사구 초본식생, 해안사구 관목식생, 임연식생, 인공조림식생 6개의 상관식생형으로 분류되었다. 군락은 43개 군락이 분포하며, 전체 출현 식물은 62과 166속 191종 15변종 3아종 3품종으 로 총 212분류군이 분포하는 것으로 조사되었다. 환경부지정 멸종위기 Ⅱ급 식물인 대홍란을 포함하여 희귀식물 5분류 군이 분포하는 것으로 나타났으며, 식물구계학적 특정 식물종은 V등급 2분류군, IV등급 5분류군, III등급 15분류군, II등급 14분류군, I등급이 19분류군으로 조사되었다. 기후변화 생물 지표종은 지표종 11종 후보종 2종이 분포하여 전체 지표종의 33.3%, 후보종은 15.4%로 높은 비율을 보였다. 귀화식물은 16과 43속 52분류군으로 귀화율 21.1%이며, 도시화지수는 24.5%로 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 향후 해안사구의 기후변화에 따른 생물다양성의 보전과 관리 방안을 마련하는 데 필요한 자료로 널리 활용될 것이 기대된다.

Mangroves are distributed in intertidal zones of coastal environments or estuarine margins, playing a critical role in the global carbon cycle. However, understanding of the carbon cycle role of mangrove associates in the Republic of Korea is still limited. This research measured soil respiration and leaf gas exchange in three habitats of Hibiscus hamabo (Gimnyeong, Seongsan, and Wimi) and analyzed the impacts on sites and months. Soil respiration was measured once a month from June to October 2022 and leaf gas exchange was measured monthly from June to September 2022. Soil respiration in August (5.7±0.8 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) was significantly higher than that in other months (p<0.001) and soil respiration increased as air temperature increased (p<0.001). In Seongsan, net photosynthesis in July (9.0±0.9 μmol m-2 s-1) was significantly higher than that in other months (p<0.001). Net photosynthesis increased as stomatal conductance and transpiration rate increased during the entire period (p<0.001). Furthermore, a weak positive linear relationship was observed between soil respiration and net photosynthesis (r2=0.12; p<0.01). The results indicated that soil respiration was influenced not only by air temperature and season but also by net photosynthesis. This study is expected to provide basic information on the carbon dynamics of mangrove associates.

To understand microorganism effects on wild mushroom fruiting bodies, we investigated the fungi in hyphosphere soil supporting wild mushroom species Cortinarius violaceus, Amanita hemibapha, Laccaria vinacelavellanea, and Amanita verna found in the Gotjawal area of Jeju Island. Fungal species identification based on morphological traits and molecular analysis of ITS, LSU rDNA, and -tubulin gene sequences resulted in isolation and identification of eleven fungal species previously unrecorded in Korea. These newly-recorded species are: Arthrinium kogelbergensis, Kalmusia longisporum, Keithomyces carneum, Neopyrenochaeta cercidis, Penicillium ranomafanaense, Phomatodes nebulosa, Pyrenochaeta nobilis, Tolypocladium album, Talaromyces kendrickii, Talaromyces qii, and Umbelopsis gibberispora, and their morphological characteristics and phylogenetic positions are described.

Long term variations of fish assemblage in the coastal waters of Bukchon-ri were determined using samples collected by trammel net from 2012 to 2022. Water temperature increased by 0.4℃ in 2022 that was less then 2012. During the survey period, a total of 95 species (53 families and 15 orders) of fishes were identified, Scorpaeniformes (five families and 22 species) and Perciformes (25 families and 39 species) accounted for 73% of the total number. The number of species was higher in summer than winter, showing a peak in summer at 66 species and lower in winter and autumn at 45 species. The number of individuals and the biomass peaked in summer at 1,238 individuals and 280.1 kg, and were the lowest in autumn at 597 individuals and 155.4 kg. The annual diversity index, evenness index and richness index were appeared 2.11-2.80, 0.64-0.80 and 4.70-7.34 at each years. The dominance index were appeared highest in 2014 while 2021 were appeared the lowest in 2017. The subtropical fishes were identified total of 38 species (40.0%) and the number of species was higher in 2022 at 22 (52.4%) species and lower in 2015-2017 at each 10 (31.3-37.0%) species. The dominant species of subtropical fishes were appeared rabbit fish (Siganus fuscescens), boxfish (Ostracion immaculatus), smallscale blackfish (Girella melanichthys), flag fish (Goniistius zonatus), stripey (Microcanthus strigatus), rock porgy (Oplegnathus punctatus), and bluestriped angelfish (Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis) in study sites.

This study presents distribution of naturally occurring radioactive materials in groundwater in Jeju island. Radon (222Rn) and potassium (40K) concentrations were performed by using Liquid Scintillation Counter and Ion Chromatograph respectively. In addition, the activities of uranium and thorium nuclides were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy. Groundwater samples were collected from 9 sites of water intake facilities for wide area supply in Jeju island from September 2022 to September 2023. The 40K concentrations of groundwater ranged between 0.050 and 0.400 Bq·L-1. The radon concentrations in groundwater were in the range of 0 to 60 Bq L-1, and there was no groundwater exceeding the range of 148 Bq L-1 proposed by the US EPA. The distribution of uranium and thorium in groundwater varied from 0 to 500 ng L-1 and 0 to 2.4 ng L-1, respectively. The concentrations of uranium did not exceed 30 μg L-1, thresholds indicated by the US EPA. By analyzing the concentrations of 40K, 222Rn, 238U and 232Th, the annual effective dose of residents can be assessed. The evaluated residents’ effective dose from natural radionuclides due to intake of drinking water is less than the recommended value of 100 μSv y-1. Consequently, this study indicates that the cancer risks of the residents in Jeju island from naturally occurring radioactive materials ingested with water is insignificant.

비브리오패혈증균은 세계에서 치사율이 50%에 달하는 가장 치명적인 수인성식품매개 병원균으로 해수에서 흔히 있으며, 특히 따뜻한 계절에 발생한다. 본 연구는 제주도 의 해수, 유통 수산물, 수족관물에서 분리한 비브리오패혈 증균에 대해서 RT-PCR을 이용한 독소 유전자, Vitek을 이 용한 항생제 내성, PFGE를 이용한 유전적 특성을 조사하 였다. 총 487개의 시료를 조사한 결과 비브리오패혈증균 46주(중복 균주 포함)가 해수에서 44주, 유통수산물에서 1 주, 수족관물에서 1주 분리되었다. rtxA, viu와 같은 독소 유전자는 각각 8주(17.4%), 9주(19.6%) 검출되었고, vvhA 와 같은 독소 유전자는 모든 균주에서 검출되었다. 항생 제 내성 실험결과 cefoxitin 항상제에 대해서 100% 내성 이 나타났다. 비브리오패혈증균 46주에 대한 PFGE 분석결과 총 6유형이 100% 상동성을 보였고, 유사도는 81.3- 98.0%로 나타났다. 수산물과 수족관물에서 분리된 비브리 오패혈증균은 해수와의 상동성 결과 유사도는 불일치로 나타났고 지역과 시료 사이에는 유사성이 없었다. 독소 유 전자를 가진 비브리오패혈증균에 의한 식중독 환자가 제 주도에서 발생한 점을 고려해볼 때, 해수, 유통 수산물, 수 족관물에서 분리한 비브리오패혈증균에 대한 모니터링이 지속되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

본 연구는 야생조류 생물음향 탐지와 현장 조사의 결과 비교를 통해 효과적인 야생조류 조사 방법을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상지는 제주 동백동산과 1100고지 습지였다. 생물음향 탐지 기간은 2020년 12개월간이었다. 생물음향 탐지는 시간당 1분씩, .wav, 44,100Hz 포맷으로 생물음향 측정장비(Song meter SM4)를 각 연구대상지에 설치하여 녹음하였다. 현장 조사는 Banjade et al. (2019)의 ｢제주 동백동산과 1100고지 습지의 조류군집 장기간 동향｣ 결과를 인용하였다. 연구결 과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 생물음향 탐지 기법을 통해 확인된 조류상은 동백동산에서 29과 46종, 1100고지 습지에서 16과 25종이었다. 두 번째, 울음 빈도를 통해 나타난 종 구성은 동백동산에서 직박구리(33.62%), 섬휘파람새(12.13%), 동박새(9.77%) 순으로 나타났고, 1100고지 습지에서 큰부리까마귀(27.34%), 섬휘파람새(19.43%), 직박구리(16.56%) 순으 로 나타났다. 세 번째, 동백동산에서 실시한 현장 조사의 경우 2009년 39종, 2012년 51종, 2015년 35종, 2018년 45종이 조사되었고, 생물음향 탐지를 통해 46종이 확인되었다. 1100고지 습지에서 실시한 현장 조사의 경우 2009년 37종, 2012년 42종, 2015년 34종, 2018년 38종이 조사되었고, 생물음향 탐지를 통해 25종이 확인되었다. 종합적으로 현장 조사를 통해 동백동산에서 확인된 78종 중 43.6%인 34종, 1100고지 습지에서 확인된 47종 중 38.3%인 18종이 생물음향 탐지로 확인되었 다. 네 번째, 현장 조사에서 확인되지 않았지만, 생물음향 탐지를 통해 확인된 종은 동백동산에서 9과 12종, 1100고지 습지에서 3과 7종으로 대표적으로 소쩍새, 솔부엉이와 같은 야행성 조류, 쇠유리새, 울새와 같은 나그네새, 도래하는 개체수가 상대적으 로 적은 황여새, 솔잣새와 같은 겨울철새가 있다. 다섯 번째, 현장 조사에서 확인된 종 중에서 생물음향 탐지를 통해 확인되지 않은 종은 동백동산에서 18과 48종, 1100고지 습지에서 14과 27종으로 대표적으로 백로과, 수리과, 솔딱새과가 있다. 본 연구는 국내에서 생물음향 장비 운용을 통한 조류 연구가 활성화되고 있는 가운데 현장 조사와 생물음향 탐지를 병행했을 때 효과적인 조사를 실시할 수 있다는 기초 자료를 작성했다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

최근 제주도 용연계곡 일대에서 새로운 알락하늘소속 외래해충 (가칭)노랑알락하늘소가 발견되었다. 2023 년 7월부터 제주 용연계곡 일대 팽나무에서 우화한 성충이 대량 발생하고 있으며, 제주 전역과 육지로 확산할 가능성이 있어 시급한 모니터링과 박멸이 필요한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 노랑알락하늘소의 국내 기후적합성 분석을 통해 잠재적으로 정착이 가능한 지역을 사전에 탐지하는 것을 목표로 하였다. GBIF에 보고된 전 세계 분포자료와 WorldClim의 생물기후변수를 이용하여 앙상블 모델을 만들고 노랑알락하늘소의 정착 확률 지도를 제작하였다. 또한 제작된 정착 확률 지도를 바탕으로 향후 주변 지역으로 확산 패턴을 시뮬레이션하였다. 기후적 합성 분석 결과 노랑알락하늘소는 원산지인 중국 남부, 대만 등 아열대 지역을 포함하여 일본과 국내에서도 정착 이 가능할 것으로 추정되었다. 국내로 한정하였을 때는 이미 정착이 확인된 제주 지역 전체와 부산, 여수 등 국내 남부지방 해안가에서 기후적합성이 매우 높을 것으로 예상되었다. 확산 패턴 시뮬레이션 결과 노랑알락하늘소 는 예찰 및 박멸이 이루어지지 않을 경우 빠르게 제주 전역으로 확산될 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 노랑알 락하늘소에 대한 생활사 연구와 함께 현재 확산 범위에 대한 시급한 모니터링과 박멸 프로그램이 필요하다는 것을 암시한다.

This study examines the correlation between livestock odor civil petitions and the establishment of malodor control areas in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, focusing on swine farms where numerous civil petitions regarding malodors have been received. After the designation of the malodor control areas, high odor concentrations occurred in Aewoleup and Jocheon-eup, and the odor concentration decreased in other areas. The number of civil petitions shows a consistent annual trend, with increased petitions from March, peaking during summer (July and August), and decreasing from September into winter. In Jeju-si, there were many civil petitions in Hallim-eup and Aewol-eup where there were many malodor control areas. However, in Seogwipo-si, there were also many civil petitions in Pyoseonmyeon, where there is no malodor control area. Additionally, we compared the average multiple of compound malodors and the rate of exceeding the maximum allowable emission level for compound malodors with the number of livestock malodor civil petitions to assess the actual state of malodors. The results reveal a stronger correlation between the number of civil petitions and the rate of exceeding the compound malodors allowable emission level than the average multiple for compound malodors. These findings provide valuable insights into addressing livestock odor concerns and enhancing malodor control measures in Jeju Island.

A strain of Amphidinium species was established from samples collected from the intertidal zone of a sandy beach of Jeju Island, Korea. Its cells were 13.0-15.0 μm in length and 10.0-13.0 μm in width. Its cell shape was round or oval and dorsoventrally flat. A pyrenoid was located in the center of the cell and a nucleus was posteriorly located. Its epicone was small and left-deflecting. Its cingulum had V-shape on the ventral side, forming a ventral ridge and extending to the sulcus. Polygonal amphiesmal vesicles and ring-shaped body scales not described previous were observed on the surface of the cell. Its morphological features were consistent with those of previously described Amphidinium fijiense. Phylogeny based on ITS region and LSU rDNA sequences revealed that this Amphidinium isolate was clearly clustered with other A. fijiense strains, but separated from other Amphidinium species. These results indicate that this Amphidinium isolate is A. fijiense. This study reports its presence for the first time in the intertidal zone of a sandy beach of Jeju Island, Korea.

본 연구는 제주도 연안의 해역별 해조류 분포특성을 비교하기 위하여 2018년 5월부터 12월까지 제주도 본섬 4개 정점과 유인도서 2개 정점의 마을어장에서 수행되었다. 해조류는 총 101종으로 녹조류 13종(12.9%), 갈조류 24종 (23.8%) 그리고 홍조류 64종(63.4%)이 출현하였다. 계절별로는 5월에 가장 많은 해조류가 출현하고, 10월에 가장 적게 출현하는 전형적인 온대해역의 특징을 나타냈다. 수심별 해조류 출현 종수는 5m와 8m에서는 66종과 65종으로 유사하였으며, 12m에서는 74종으로 최대였다. 해역별로는 도서해역인 우도에서 66종으로 가장 많은 해조류가 출현하 였고, 본섬의 동부 표선에서 27종으로 가장 적게 출현하였다. 출현종 가운데 중요도가 높은 해조류는 감태(Ecklonia cava)와 둘레혹산호말(Corallina crassissima)로 각각 21.1%와 20.3%를 나타냈으며, 방황혹산호말(Corallina aberrans) 9.2%, 에페드라게발(Amphiroa ephedraea) 6.2% 그리고 큰열매모자반(Sargassum macrocarpum) 4.4%의 중요도를 나타냈다. 해조류 중 산호말류는 평균 11.2종이 출현하였고, 각 해역의 산호말류 중요도는 평균 32.6%로 우도에서 14.7%로 가장 낮았고, 표선에서 가장 높은 41.0%를 차지하였다. 해조류 군락의 생태학적 평가지수(EEI)는 2.1∼10.0으로 표선의 5월과 6월 12m에서 가장 낮았고, 그 밖의 다른 해역에서는 평균 7.3이상으로 좋은 상태를 나타냈다. 본 조사에서 설정한 생태등급기준 Ⅰ등급은 우도와 추자도의 수심 12m이었으며, Ⅱ등급은 사계와 추자도의 수심 5 m와 8 m가 해당되었다. Ⅲ등급은 표선과 귀덕2의 수심 5m와 12m, 평대의 수심 5m와 8m가 해당되었으며, Ⅳ등급은 귀덕2의 수심 8m가 해당되었다.

In recent years, macroalgal bloom occurs frequently in coastal oceans worldwide. It might be attributed to accelerating climate change. “Green tide” events caused by proliferation of green macroalgae (Ulva spp.) not only damage the local economy, but also harm coastal environments. These nuisance events have become common across several coastal regions of continents. In Korea, green tide incidences are readily seen throughout the year along the coastlines of Jeju Island, particularly the northeastern coast, since the 2000s. Ulva species are notorious to be difficult for morphology-based species identification due to their high degrees of phenotypic plasticity. In this study, to investigate temporal variation in Ulva community structure on Jeju Island between 2015 and 2020, chloroplast barcode tuf A gene was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed for 152 specimens from 24 sites. We found that Ulva ohnoi and Ulva pertusa known to be originated from subtropical regions were the most predominant all year round, suggesting that these two species contributed the most to local green tides in this region. While U. pertusa was relatively stable in frequency during 2015 to 2020, U. ohnoi increased 16% in frequency in 2020 (36.84%), which might be associated with rising sea surface temperature from which U. ohnoi could benefit. Two species (Ulva flexuosa, Ulva procera) of origins of Europe should be continuously monitored. The findings of this study provide valuable information and molecular genetic data of genus Ulva occurring in southern coasts of Korea, which will help mitigate negative influences of green tide events on Korea coast.

On April 29, 2021 (1st), June 2 (2nd), and August 17 (3rd), we surveyed benthic macroinvertebrates fauna at Muljangori-oreum wetland in Bonggae-dong, Jeju Island, Korea. Muljangori-oreum wetland was divided into four areas. The survey was conducted in three accessible areas (areas 1-3). As a result of habitat environment analysis, the average monthly temperature from 2017 to 2021 was the highest in July and August and the lowest in December and February. This pattern was repeated. As a result of analyzing changes in vegetation and water surface area through satellite images, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) increased from February to July and decreased after July. Normalized difference water index (NDWI) was analyzed to show an inverse relationship. A total of 21 species from 13 families were identified in the qualitative survey and a total of 412 individuals of 24 species from 15 families were identified in the quantitative survey. A total of 26 species from 17 families, 8 orders, 3 classes, and 2 phyla of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified. The dominant species was Chronomidae spp. with 132 individuals (32.04%). Noterus japonicus was a subdominant species with 71 individuals (17.23%). As a result of comparative analysis of species identified in this study and the literature, it was confirmed that species diversity was high for Coleoptera and Odonata. Main functional feeding groups (FFGs) were found to be predators. Habitat orientation groups (HOGs) were found to be swimmers. In OHC (Odonata, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera) group, 17 species (73.91%) in 2021, 23 species (79.31%) in 2016, 26 species (86.67%) in 2018, and 19 species (79.17%) in 2019 were identified. Cybister japonicus, an endangered species II, was confirmed to inhabit Muljangori-oreum wetland in the literature. Ten individuals (2.43%) were also confirmed to inhabit Muljangori-oreum wetland in 2021. Therefore, continuous management and habitat protection are required to maintain the habitat environment of C. japonicus in Muljangori-oreum wetland.

n this research, the dose rate was measured using backpack-type scan survey device at 4 sites on Jeju Island, and the radioactivity ratio for each nuclide was evaluated using an high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. As a result of measuring the dose rate with a backpack-type scan survey device, the average dose rate was the lowest in the measurement site 3 at 0.049 Sv/h, and the highest in the measurement site 1 at 0.066 Sv/h. The average dose rate of the 4 sites on Jeju Island was 0.056 Sv/h, and the dose rate on Jeju Island was lower than that of other regions. The data acquired by scan survey were interpreted using classed post and gridding function of surfer program. The radioactivity ratio of each nuclide in the gamma spectrum measured by the HPGe detector was the highest for K-40 with an average of 87.62%, and the lowest for Pb-214 with an average of 0.63%. In the case of the Jeju Island site, Cs-137 was detected, and the average radioactivity ratio of Cs-137 was 3.27%, which was the background level. The results of this research can be used as basic data on the radioactivity ratio for each nuclide and dose rate at the Jeju Island site. Further studies on the assessment of dose rates and radioactivity ratios in other regions are needed.

This study presents distribution of naturally occurring radioactive materials in groundwater in Jeju island. Radon (222Rn) and potassium (40K) concentrations were performed by using RAD H2O of RAD7 and 940 Professional IC Vario, respectively. In addition, the activities of uranium and thorium nuclides were analyzed by ICP-MS. All of the groundwater samples were collected from 29 sites from August to October 2022. The radon concentrations in groundwater were in the range of 0 to 60 Bq L-1, and there was no groundwater exceeding the range of 148 Bq L-1 proposed by the US EPA. The distribution of uranium in groundwater varied from 0 to 0.6 μg L-1 and did not exceed 30 μg L-1, thresholds indicated by the US EPA.