본 사례 연구는 실시간 음성인식을 결합한 설치 작품의 기술, 언어학과 인터랙티브 아트의 융합을 탐구하는 것을 목표로 한다. 따라서 음성인식 기술이 언어라는 축을 통해 ‘Spect’actor’에게 어떻게 전달할 수 있는지에 대한 예술적 관점과 심도 깊은 이해를 도모하고자 한다. 본 연구는 음성인식 기술을 통한 미디어아트 해석 의 가능성을 전반으로 확대하고, 특히 인터랙티브 미디어아트 분야에서 회화적 자동 음성인식을 통한 미디어 아트 해석의 가능성을 넓히고자 합니다.

Idamsokchan (耳談續纂, Additions to an Earful of Conversation) is an early collection of Korean proverbs capturing 418 proverbs from China and Korea with Chinese translation, most of which are social proverbs. Through a contrastive analysis of the formation mechanism of social proverbs in Idamsokchan, this study explores the influence of Chinese and Korean mindsets on language. Specifically, the study analyzes the structure, semantics, and topic of social proverbs from both Chinese and Korean sources in Idamsokchan. The results indicate that the influence of concrete-versus-abstract and practical-versus-theoretical thinking on proverbs varies. Generally, Korean proverbs exhibit a tendency towards abstract thinking, whereas Chinese proverbs are characterized by an emphasis on concrete thinking. The structural characteristics of Korean and Chinese proverbs are distinct. Korean proverbs are typically formed as a single sentence, whereas Chinese proverbs often employ fixed sentence patterns and connectives. In addition, the syntax of Chinese translations of Korean proverbs in Idamsokchan tends to be morphological. Regarding semantics, a greater proportion of Korean proverbs are of a philosophical nature when compared to Chinese proverbs. While Korean proverbs employ a simplex network and extend metaphors through contrast, Chinese proverbs are adept at using the creative double-scope network. In terms of topic selection, both Korean and Chinese proverbs, cover eight types of topics, using interrogative pronouns as subjects. Nonetheless, the contrastive-topic structure is more commonly observed in Chinese proverbs. Moreover, while the first-person singular pronoun is commonly utilized as a topic in Korean proverbs, the equivalent in Chinese proverbs is the third-person pronoun 其 (qi).

이 연구는 한국어를 학습하는 외국인 학습자들을 위하여 인지언어학적 인 관점으로 접근하여 신체 관련 한국어 감정 관용 표현에 나타나는 은 유와 개념화의 방식을 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 관용 표현은 그 언어를 사용하는 사람들에 의해 그 의미가 형성된다. 따라서 관용 표현을 생성 한 한국인의 개념화 방식을 알아야 한다. 이에 따라 분노와 불안의 근원 영역을 ‘온도/색깔/명암/전복/분출/경직’으로 분류하였다. 근원 영역이 ‘온도’일 때 개념적 은유는 ‘분노는 뜨거움’과 ‘불안은 차가움’이며 ‘색깔’ 일 때의 개념적 은유는 ‘불안은 죽음’, ‘명암’의 근원 영역에서는 ‘불안은 어두움’이라는 개념화가 일어나고 ‘전복’의 영역에서는 ‘분노는 뒤집함’이 라는 개념적 은유가 일어난다. 또한 ‘분출’은 ‘불안은 땀’이라는 개념적 은유를, ‘경직’은 ‘불안은 정지’라는 개념적 은유를 통해 감정 관용 표현 을 생성하였다. 본고는 신체 관련 한국어의 감정 관용 표현 통해 한국인 의 개념화 방식을 정리하였으며 이 연구가 한국어교육 현장에 기초 자료 로도 활용될 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다

Pei Songzhi (Year 372-451)’s annotations on The History of the Three Kingdoms have greatly revised, improved and enriched the original content of The History of the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou. The linguistics and philology value of Pei’s annotations are remarkable, which are reflected in the following three aspects. Firstly, in terms of phonetics, there are 99 phonetic notations (for 96 Chinese characters) in The History of the Three Kingdoms, and the methods are mainly Zhiyin (including "Yinru") and Fanqie, moreover they reflect the phonetic characteristics from the Later Han Dynasty to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Secondly, there are 98 lexical annotations in total, producing new words and new meanings, and most of them are still used by later generations. Lastly, there are 39 philology annotations. Pei Songzhi annotated the rare and incomprehensible characters in the text, and also listed many opinions for reference. Additionally, Pei Songzhi attached importance to the influence of glyphs on the meanings of Chinese characters, and focused on analyzing words and textual meanings from the perspective of philology. Pei Songzhi’s annotations are concise and clear, meticulous and rigorous, and also express his own views and opinions, with distinct personal characteristics. Pei’s annotations on The History of the Three Kingdoms have profound research value and significance in linguistics and philology, which are worthy to be carefully explored, and the results will play an important role in enriching the research content of the history of Chinese language.

This paper is intended to explore the otherness of ‘non-mainstream’ graduate students specializing in applied linguistics at various departments of English language and literature in Korea. Drawing on Honneth’s theory of recognition and its ideology, it attempted to understand the way their ‘professional identities’ are constructed both within and without the related academic communities. Through interviews and reflection journals, the lived stories of research participants illustrated that their trajectories of growth were not a transmission of knowledge and skills in applied linguistics, and that Honneth’s threefold conceptualization of intersubjective recognition (love, rights, solidarity) was usefully applied to the sociopolitical inquiry of ‘becoming professional.’ They did not feel a sense of affection, were not respected as rights-holders, and did not have mutual esteem and solidarity. The non-mainstream students strived for recognition in the graduate program by voicing their emotions in their qualitative research papers and improving their limited proficiency of English which, however, led to ‘uncritical’ conformity. They lost the emancipatory struggle for their independent and scholarly selves. The model of mutual recognition is expected to show good potential as an analytic tool for understanding the motivational and justificatory basis for social struggles. Further research is suggested to examine how Honneth’s theory can help in understanding people in different disciplines.

By reviewing different theoretical backgrounds behind knowledge, politics, and power of language in critical approaches to applied linguistics, this study introduces a newly constructed foundation for critical research, so called, Foucault’s ‘thoughts from outside.’ In order to understand Foucault’s experience of the outside, this study firstly explores the meanings of prohibition and transgression in literary texts, in which Foucault reflected the question of ‘limits.’ For example, research on Georges Batalille’s works provided an opportunity to consider the meaningfulness beyond the limitation of language. In the late works of governmentality and subjectification, Foucault also reinterpreted Kant’s concept of enlightenment and critique in the philosophy of actuality, defined as the ‘arts of existence’ or ‘critical ontology of ourselves.’ In this study, the critique as ethos is re-valued in an on-going inquiry and experimentation for the autonomous self-constitution of subject, which can be placed in the critical study of language, education, and society. Possible areas of research and L2 education (e.g., translingual practice, identity construction, narrative education) related to Foucault’s technological ways of living, as well as the limitations of this study, are also discussed.

There are many changes appeared with the Chinese degree adverbs as languages evolve over time, such as the emerging degree adverb ‘ju(巨)’ and the phrase structures like ‘巨多’, ‘巨好’, ‘巨痛’ are used in our daily communication commonly. This article discussed about the evolution mechanism of the Chinese emerging degree adverb ‘ju(巨)’s meaning in perspective of cognitive linguistics. First, we focused on the prototype meaning of ‘ju(巨)’ which is a adjective and the existing meaning of ‘ju(巨)’ which is used as a degree adverb. Second, we compared the image schema of the adjective ‘ju(巨)’ with the image schema of the degree adverb ‘ju(巨)’ and managed to find the differences between them. Then we studied the evolution mechanism of the degree adverb ‘ju(巨)’s meaning that is metaphor and made ‘ju(巨)’s metaphor mapping model. Third, we chose ‘巨多’, ‘巨好’ and ‘巨痛’ as examples by corpus-based study and used the conceptual blending theory to compared the conceptual blending spaces of them. Lastly, we found a general rule that can have reference significance to the study about the evolution of the other emerging degree adverbs, such as ‘狂’, ‘神’and so on. 저 자

According to the theory of cognitive linguistics, the human body experience is the basis of human cognition of the world, the starting point of cognition and the tool of cognition. Feet refers to the lower part of the human body and some animals that touch the ground, and are important weight-bearing organs and movement organs of the human body. Chinese and Korean "foot" words are the core vocabulary in both Chinese and Korean languages. This article mainly studies simple words and compound words composed of Chinese and Korean “foot” morphemes, and divides their semantic image features into two types: “structural meaning” and “functional meaning”. “Structural meaning” refers to the synthesis of “shape, location, and composition”, and “functional meaning” refers to the grammatical functions of the body parts themselves, the semantic functions of human words, and part of speech functions. Through comparative analysis, the similarities and differences between them can be found, in order to provide effective and credible semantic examples and theoretical research basis for teaching Chinese as a foreign language, teaching Korean as a foreign language, Chinese-Korean human lexics, and Chinese-Korean bilingual translation.

본고는 중국학을 위해서 언어학이 지향할 역할과 연구 대상에 대해 시론하는 데 목적이 있다. 학문 분야로서의 중국학은 중국에 관한 학문 정도로 여겨져 왔다. 그러나 유래와 지역 및 연구 대상의 상이함에 따라 중국학은 Sinology와 Chinese Studies란 명칭으로 각기 다르게 불려왔다. 그리고 오늘날 한국의 중국학은 Chinese Studies로 범칭되는데, 학문 체계상 상위 학문 범주로 분류될 수 있는 중국학은 여러 하위 학문 분과의 단순 병합이 아닌 공동의 연구 주제를 갖는 하위 학문 분과 간 유기적인 총체이어야 한다. 그 속에서 언어학은 향후, 중국의 제(諸)현상을 좀 더 종합적으로 분석하고 이해하는데 기여할 수 있도록, 정치학, 경제학, 사회학, 인류학 등 기타 연구 분과들과 통섭을 도모하며 주제와 사고를 확장해 나가야할 것이다. 예견되는 글로벌언어로서의 중국어가 현 글로벌언어로서의 영어와 위세 상 어떤 지위 관계를 가질 수 있을지에 대해서는 중국학을, 중국에 국한한 중국학이 아닌, 일본, 한국, 인도, 필리핀 등 기타 국가학과의 관계를 고려한 아시아학의 하나로 위치시킬 때 이해 가능 할 것이다.

This article treats the quotation of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il in Collected Writings of Korean Linguistics [Chosŏnŏhak Jŏnsŏ / Joseoneohak Jeonseo]. The citation of a political leader in a scholarly paper shows the powerful interference of political ideology on academic research. However, it is possible for scholars to judge what quotation they collect. Therefore, the influence of political ideology on the North Korean language academia can be measured by the status that Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il's quotations are used. Political ideological colors are most evident in communism and class-struggle quotations. However, in some quotations, radical phrases are omitted. There are many quotations about nationalism in Chosŏnŏhak Jŏnsŏ. Quite a few of them have some similarities to the discussion in South Korean academic circles. However, sometimes it is possible to conflict with the North academic circles, because a strong nationalism tendency is avoided in the South academic circles. In the quotations about language policy, it was noticeable that the contents were different from each other. The northern scholar usually coped with avoiding or ignoring such conflicts because it is difficult to dare criticize any one quotation. In addition, I have looked at quotations that are close to common sense. The reason why those quotations exist in the scholarship can be seen as the fact that the quotation is just a perfunctory expression. And that nearly half of the quotations are extracted from just four kinds of source articles.

한(漢)나라 시대부터 여러 가지 다른 육서(六書)의 명칭들로 한자를 분류하기 시작하였고, 그 후에도 문자학자들이 계속해서 한자의 분류를 개선하려고 시도하였다. 본 논문은 주로 인지언어학 의 각도에서 성부(聲符)를 갖지 않은 한자를 새롭게 분석하고, 한자구성과 한자사용원리를 이해하 는 새로운 관점을 제공하고자 한다. 본 논문은 한자를 일종의 이미지 부호로 보고, 퍼스(Peirce)의 부호학 관점을 사용하여 한자를 분류하고자 하였다. 그러나 실제로 퍼스의 관점을 활용하여 한자를 분류하고자 할 때, 많은 예에서 단순히 한 개의 부호표지만 사용한 것이 아니라 다른 표지도 이해를 돕기 위해 함께 사용되었음을 발견하였다. 필자는 퍼스의 이론을 조정하여 아이콘(icon,象似符)과 인덱스(index,標記符)를 동시 에 갖고 있는 한자를 하나의 종류로 분류하고, ‘조합형아이콘(組合象似符)’라 이름하였으며, 성부 (聲符)를 갖지 않은 한자를 세번째 종류로 분류하여 토론하였다. 조정 후의 이론 중, 핵심에 가까운 두 개의 한자류는 모두 아이콘에 속하고, 제일 바깥쪽 층의 것은 심볼(symbol,代碼符)에 속한다.;이 세 개 층의 분류에서 핵심에 가까운 한자 일수록 전형적인 아이콘에 속하고, 이 세 분류항목은 안에서 바깥쪽 순서대로: (1) 단순아이콘. 예) ‘人’,사람의 측면 의 모습; (2) 조합형아이콘. 예) ‘杲’나무 위에 밝은 물건이 있어 ‘밝음’을 설명; 또는 ‘刃’자와 같이 칼의 날카로운 부분에 표시를 더하여 글자의 의미를 설명; (3) 심볼. 가장 바깥둘레의 층인 이 종류에 속하는 문자는 비교적 적다. 대부분 추상부호에 속하고, 본 논문에서는 고대의 일부 지역명 의 부호를 예로 들었다. 글자의 사용면에서는, 환유(metonymy)와 은유(metaphor)를 사용하여 해석할 수 있다. 글자 사용중 환유의 예는 대부분 글자 본래의 의미인 경우가 많다. 예를 들면 ‘見’은 눈에 촛점을 둠으로써 ‘사물을 보다’라는 동작을 대표하게 하였다. 반면, 은유는 대부분 나중 에 파생된 의미인 경우가 많다. ‘朋’은 갑골문에서 두 줄의 조개를 함께 묶어 놓은 모습을 묘사하여 본래의 의미는 고대의 계량단위를 나타낸 것이, 나중에 ‘朋友(친구)’의 의미로 파생되었다. 본 논문은 또한 마지막 부분에서 중국문자학의 해석원리와 서양언어학의 도상성(iconicity), 환 유, 은유이론을 통합 조정하고자 하였다.

This study mainly explores the research themes and topics of corpus-based studies published in English Teaching in an attempt to provide future directions and pedagogical implications in this research domain. For the purposes of the study, a total of 42 corpus-based research articles published in English Teaching were reviewed and analyzed in terms of research topics, methodology, and characteristics of the corpora employed in the studies. The thematic and topical analysis of the corpus-based studies showed that much research, i.e., 64%, has focused on the analysis ofvocabulary items. Further, the analysis of the research methods revealed that corpus-based studies published in English Teaching mainly employed quantitative methods to describe frequency and distribution information of the target linguistic items. It also provided the description of the characteristics of the corpora adopted in the corpus-based research. Interestingly, many corpus-based studies published in English Teaching focused on the analysis of the learner corpus data. The paper discusses the future research directions and pedagogical implications for corpus-based studies on TEFL.

The present study investigates the use of signaling nouns (SNs) in published and Korean graduate student academic writing in applied linguistics. A set of 35 nouns was examined for their frequency as SNs, while the six most frequent SNs in published writing were subjected to detailed analyses of realization patterns. The results indicated that the nouns function as SNs in fifteen percent of the time of their total use and that students overall used a greater number of SNs than did published authors. Despite considerable overlap in the most frequent SNs, there was evidence that students rely on a narrower range of SNs than published writers. Published authors were differentiated from students in employing more anaphoric SNs, which contributed to cohesiveness and organization of text through the effective encapsulation of the preceding stretch of discourse. This study challenges the previous claim that the frequency of SNs positively correlates with the writing proficiency. Some pedagogical implications are drawn for academic writing instruction.

언어와 문자는 언제 생겼는가? 어느 누구도 이 질문에 정확하게 말할 수 없다 는 것을 우리는 알고 있다. 우리나라 언어학자들은 “語先文後(말이 먼저 있는 후 글이 다음에 있었다)” 론을 꾸며내었지만, 실상은 자신들 조차도 서로 모순되는 것이었다. 이것은 어떤 이유에서인가? 언어학은 과학적 학문이다. 과학은 이야기 하는 것에 근거가 있어야지 허투루 단정을 할 수 없다. 만약 그 근거가 없다면, 단지 가설이라고 부를 뿐이다. 가설 또한 아무렇게나 말할 수 없다. 논리의 증명에 순서가 있어야지 논리적 잘못이 있어서는 안 된다. 무릇 논리에 맞지 않으면, 또한 역사 발전의 추론 중에서도 그 혼란이 있을 수 있다. 우리나라 언어학자는 왕왕 비평가를 반박할 권리를 가지고서, 그들이 언어학의 ABC를 이해하지 못한다고 말하고, 그들의 비평을 억압한다. 언어학의 ABC란 무엇인가? 내가 생각하기에 그것은 역사, 규율과 기본개념이다. 본고는 “语先文后”의 쟁론 가운데 깨달은 언어학중의 ABC, 즉 기호와 부호 두 가지의 개념을 이용하여 발전한 역사적 발전 속에서 언어와 문자 발전의 이치를 탐구하였다. 이 기호와 부호라는 두 가지 개념의 분석 중 이 두개의 개념이 뒤섞이게 된 원 인을 찾아내고, 동시에 언어학에서 찾아낸 부호 체계, 기호 체계, 문언, 문장 등의 기본 개념에 대해 진지한 구분을 하고자 노력하였다.

This pa야r presents findings of a comparative analysis of the use of the word democnα:y as bino때aJs (e,g" democracy and freedom) in the US and South Korean newspa야r COlpora, The US corpus is 42 rnillion words comprising foreign news reports taken from the New York Times and the Washington Post from 1댔 to 2야3， The South Korean corpus consists of news articles from the Dong-A Ilbo and the Hankyoreh. The corpus covers the same period between the year 1999 and 2003 and is of a relatively modest size of 200 thou없nd words, The anaJysis has shown di fferences in the frequency of the noun phrases occurring as binornials with demαracy， While human rights-relat어 noun phrases are found to occur most frequently with democracy in the US corpus, it is obseπed that capitalism-related noun phrases occur most frequently in the South Korean corpus, It is a1so found that a number of evaluative and rhetorical functions are perfonned by the binornials of demαracy such as evaluating other countries on their political, sociaJ, and economic problems; criticizing actions 떠ken by the govemment and political oppositions; or stressmg paπnership with other countries,