최근 중국, 인도네시아, 태국 등 해외시장에서 제3자에 의해 한국기업의 상표 권이 무단으로 선점되는 사례가 꾸준히 증가하고 있으나 이로 인한 우리기업의 실질적 피해에 관한 대규모 실증 연구는 진행되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2017년 1월부터 2023년 12월까지의 해외상표 무단선점 의심사례 데이터를 기반으로 한국의 527개 기업에 대한 패널 데이터를 구축하여 회귀분석을 통해 해외상표 무단선점 시 기업의 주식시장가치에 변화가 발생하는지를 분석하였다. 특히 기업의 적절한 지식재산 보호전략과 지식재산 보호 역량이 상표침해로 인한 피해를 완화시킬 수 있는지에 주목하였다. 분석 결과 상표가 선점된 기업은 그렇지 않은 기업에 비해 명확하게 기업가치가 하락하였다. 다만 침해가 발생한 국가에 특허권을 사전에 보유하였다면 무단선점 피해가 완화되는 것이 확인되었으며, 기업의 지식재산권 보호역량이 우수할 때도 동일한 효과가 관측되었다. 이는 특허권과 상표권이 상호보완적 효과를 가진다는 점과 지식재산권 보호역량에 따라 상표침해의 실질적 피해가 정해진다는 것을 함의한다. 본 연구는 해외상표의 무단선점이 기업의 장기재무성과에 막대한 악영향을 준다는 것을 입증하였다는 점에서 기업들의 해외상표 보호에 대한 경각심을 고취시키며 동시에 상표보호를 위한 기업의 적극적 대처와 보호역량 강화를 위한 투자의 중요성을 시사 한다.

This study evaluated the germination characteristics and predicted longevity of Weigela subsessilis, an endemic plant in Korea, under long-term seed bank storage. Seeds from 16 accessions were stored at –18 °C for 0, 5, 10, and 20 years, and their germination performance was assessed. The initial germination percentage (78.75%) remained stable after five years (79.67%) but declined significantly after ten years (62.90%). Two accessions tested after 20 years showed a steep reduction to 14.86%. MGT and T50 were stable, GI increased slightly, but PV and GV declined, suggesting dormancy release alongside reduced vigor. Seed longevity was predicted using Probit analysis The estimated initial viability (Ki) was 1.15, with a slope of –0.092, yielding a predicted P50 of 12.5 years (95% CI: 11.2–13.8 years). The confidence interval broadened with longer extrapolations, underscoring the uncertainty of projections beyond 15–20 years where empirical data remain limited. These results provide the first empirical evidence of viability decline in W. subsessilis seeds over two decades of storage. They highlight the need for systematic monitoring in seed banks, with testing recommended at five-year intervals beyond ten years of storage. Regeneration or recollection strategies should also be implemented as viability approaches critical thresholds. This study offers essential baseline data for developing conservation strategies for Korean endemic species and contributes to the sustainable management of native plant genetic resources.

본 연구는 노인장기요양기관의 ESG활동이 조직성과에 미치는 영향에서 노인장기요양기관 시설형 태의 다중집단 비교를 검증하는 것에 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 장기요양협의회를 통해 노인장기요양기 관 종사자를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 총 700명의 응답자를 중심으로 연구했다. 본 연구는 SPSS WIN 27.0과 Amos 27.0 프로그램을 통해 인과구조 검증과 다중집단분석을 실시하였다. 이에 따른 분석 결과 환경(ß=.334, C.R=8.603, p<.001), 사회공헌(ß=0.373, C.R=9.055, p<0.001), 지배 구조(ß=0.362, C.R=8.430, p<0.001)가 조직성과에 유의미한 영향을 확인했다. 또한, 노인장기요양기관 시설형태의 다중집단 비교를 검증한 결과 시설급여 기관에서 환경보호 활동이 조직성과에 미치는 영 향력(β=0.499)이 재가급여 기관보다 높은 영향력을 보였고(C.R=3.098, p<0.01), 시설급여에서 지배구 조가(β=0.452) 재가급여 기관(β=0.309)보다 높은 영향력을 보였다(C.R=7.069, p<0.001). 반면, 사회공 헌 활동에서 시설급여(β=0.506)와 재가급여(β=0.351) 집단 모두에서 조직성과에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤 으나, 집단 간 영향력 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(C.R=1.908, p>0.05). 통계적인 결과를 기반 으로 노인장기요양기관의 조직성과 제고를 위한 환경활동 강화, 지역사회와의 사회공헌 활성화, 지배 구조 개선, 시설급여와 재가급여 기관 간 ESG활동의 격차 해소를 위한 맞춤형 실천과 정책적 지원이 유기적으로 필요함을 검증하며 학문적․실천적 방안을 제시했다.

This study evaluated the short- and long-term prediction performances of a transformer-based trajectory-forecasting model for urban intersections. While a previous study focused on developing the basic structure of a transformer model for future trajectory prediction, the present study aimed to determine a practical prediction sequence length. To this end, multiple transformer models were trained with output sequence lengths ranging from 1 s to 10 s, and their performances were compared. The trajectory data used for training were generated through a microscopic traffic simulation, and the model accuracy was assessed using the metrics average displacement error (ADE) and final displacement error (FDE). The results demonstrate that the prediction accuracy decreases significantly when the output trajectory length exceeds 3 s. Specifically, straight-driving trajectories exhibit rapidly increasing errors, while turning trajectories maintained a relatively stable accuracy. In contrast, for turning-driving trajectories, prediction errors increased sharply during short-term forecasting, but the increase was more gradual in long-term forecasts. Additionally, the long-term prediction models produced higher errors even in the initial 1-second outputs, implying a tendency toward conservative inference under uncertain future scenarios. This conservative behavior is likely influenced by the model’s effort to minimize the overall loss across a broader prediction window, especially when trained with Smooth L1 loss function. This study provides practical insights into model design for edge-computing environments and contributes to the development of reliable short-term trajectory prediction systems for urban ITS applications.

본 연구는 노인장기요양기관의 ESG활동이 조직성과에 미치는 영향 에서 윤리경영의 매개효과를 검증하기 위한 목적으로 장기요양협의회 와 연계하여 2022년 12월부터 2023년 01월, 총 62일간 700명의 설문 지를 수집하여 연구분석하였다. 연구는 SPSS 및 Amos 25.0을 사용하 여 분석했다. 연구결과, ESG활동(환경, 사회공헌, 지배구조)가 윤리경 영에 정(+)적인 영향을 미쳤고, 윤리경영은 조직성과에 정(+)적인 영향 을 미쳤다. 또한, 본 연구의 목적을 중심으로 윤리경영의 매개효과를 분석한 결과 연구는 노인장기요양기관의 ESG활동(환경, 사회공헌, 지 배구조)이 조직성과에 미치는 영향에서 윤리경영의 완전매개효과를 확 인했다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 노인장기요양기관의 ESG활동, 윤리경영 의 중요성을 근거자료로 제공하였다.

PSC 공법으로 시공된 구조물에서 긴장력을 도입시키는 주요 재료인 PS 강연선은 뛰어난 성능을 보 유하고 있으나, 강재로 제작되어 부식에 취약한 단점 또한 가지고 있다. 이에 한국건설기술연구원에서 는 PS 강연선을 대체할 목적으로 비부식 탄소섬유 케이블을 개발하고 있다. 비부식 탄소섬유 케이블은 PSC 구조물에 사용될 목적으로 개발하고 있기 때문에 인장강도 등 단기 성능 외에도 크리프 및 릴랙 세이션 등 장기 성능 또한 보유하고 있어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 하중을 일정하게 유지시킨 상 태로 시편의 변형을 살펴보는 크리프 시험과 변위를 일정하게 고정시킨 후에 도입된 하중의 변화를 살펴보는 릴랙세이션 시험을 수행하여 탄소 섬유 케이블의 장기 성능을 검증해 보았다. 각 시험을 수 행하고 데이터를 분석한 결과, 본 연구에서 개발한 탄소섬유 케이블은 크리프와 릴랙세이션에 대해서 일반적으로 PSC 구조물에 사용되는 PS 강연선에 비해 동등 이상의 성능을 보유하고 있는 것으로 판 단된다.

PURPOSES : The increase in particulate matter due to increased air pollutant emissions has become a significant social issue. According to the Ministry of Environment, air pollutants emitted from large-scale businesses in 2022 increased by 12.2% compared to the previous year, indicating that air pollution is accelerating owing to excessive industrialization. In this study, TiO2, which is used to reduce airborne particulate, was used. The TiO2 coating fixation and dynamic pressure coating-type TiO2 fixation methods were used to solve the material peeling phenomenon caused by gravity, which is a limitation when the TiO2 penetration method is applied to a vertical concrete structure along the road. The long-term durability and performance were analyzed through environmental resistance and NOx removal efficiency evaluation experiments. These analyses were then assessed by comparing the NOx removal efficiency with the dynamic pressure permeationtype TiO2 fixation method used in previous studies. METHODS : To evaluate the long-term durability and performance of the TiO2 coating fixation method and dynamic pressure coating TiO2 fixation method for vertical concrete structures, specimens were manufactured based on roadside vertical concrete structures. Environmental resistance tests such as the surface peeling resistance test (ASTM C 672) and freeze-thaw resistance test (KS F 2456) were conducted to evaluate the long-term durability. To evaluate the long-term performance, the NOx removal efficiency of TiO2 concrete owing to road surface deterioration during the environmental resistance test was evaluated using the NOx removal efficiency evaluation equipment based on the ISO 22197-1 standard. This evaluation was compared and analyzed using the dynamic pressure infiltration TiO2 fixation method. RESULTS : The long-term durability of the TiO2 coating fixation and dynamic pressure coating TiO2 fixation methods were evaluated using environmental resistance tests. During the surface peeling resistance test, the TiO2 material degraded and partially detached from the concrete. However, the NOx removal efficiency was ensured by the non-deteriorated and fixed TiO2 material. The long-term performance was confirmed through a freeze-thaw resistance test to evaluate the NOx removal efficiency after 300 cycles of surface deterioration. The results showed that when the TiO2 coating fixation and dynamic pressure infiltration TiO2 fixation methods were applied to vertical concrete structures, the durability of the structure was not compromised. In comparison to the dynamic pressure infiltration TiO2 fixation method, the NOx removal efficiency observed during the surface peeling resistance test was lower, while the freeze-thaw test exhibited notably higher removal efficiency. CONCLUSIONS : To solve the material peeling phenomenon caused by gravity, the long-term durability and performance were evaluated by applying the TiO2 coating fixation and dynamic pressurized coating TiO2 fixation methods to vertical concrete specimens. Long-term durability was confirmed through environmental resistance tests, and long-term utility was secured by measuring the NOx removal efficiency according to surface degradation. These findings show that implementing the TiO2 coating fixation method and dynamic pressure coating TiO2 fixation methods on-site effectively reduce NOx.

PURPOSES : This study evaluates the long-term performance of the asphalt overlay designed by the Seoul pavement design method which determines overlay thickness by considering existing pavement conditions, traffic volume, and bearing capacity of the pavement. METHODS : A total of 76 sections including 17 control sections and 59 design sections were constructed under various traffic conditions, overlay thicknesses and asphalt mixtures. The performance of the pavements has been monitored up to 60 months in terms of surface distresses, rutting, and longitudinal roughness. The service life of the pavements was estimated to be the period when the Seoul pavement condition index (SPI) becomes 6.0, i.e., a rehabilitation level. RESULTS : Overall, the service life of the pavements was 72 months in the control and 120 months for the design sections. For relatively thinner overlay sections than designed, the service life reduced significantly; 36 months for 15cm thick overlay and 120 months for 25cm thick overlay. The service life of the pavement in the bus-only lane was 78 months, which is 30 months shorter than that in mixed-traffic lanes. Out of the bus-only lanes, 56% of the pavement along bus stop was deteriorated early to be a poor condition while only 2% of the pavement in a driving lane was degraded to be poor. The overlay with Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) in the wearing surface had 38% longer life than that with conventional dense graded mixtures. CONCLUSIONS : Most of the overlays sections designed by the Seoul pavement design method were expected to survive 10 years, except for bus-only lanes. The control sections having 5 to 10 cm thick overlays showed significant lower performance than the design sections. Thus proper thickness and materials considering the characteristics of existing pavement and traffic volumes should be applied to secure the service life of overlays.

PURPOSES : In this study, the results of an intensive field survey of a composite pavement applied to an expressway in Korea are analyzed. The results are intended to be used as basic data for evaluating the composite pavement and for preparing quality control measures through a review and analysis of the change in the state of the tensile bonding strength of the composite pavement. METHODS : To evaluate, repeated field coring and indoor tensile bonding strength evaluations are conducted for five years, and the commonality evaluation of pavement using pavement condition investigation equipment is conducted annually. RESULTS : The results of this study show that the degree of reflective crack generation varies depending on the type of concrete pavement and type of asphalt mixture applied to the intermediate layer, and that the CRCP composite pavement exhibits better initial commonality than the JCP composite pavement. In addition, it is confirmed that the composite cross-section pavement section with MASTIC applied as an intermediate layer shows excellent adhesion performance between the lower concrete layers from the beginning of construction in all sections, as well as satisfied the quality control standards for good pavement and tensile adhesion even after approximately five years of public use. CONCLUSIONS : Based on a follow-up survey of the composite pavement testing sections, it is confirmed that the section constructed with the MASTIC intermediate layer and CRCP satisfies the quality control standards for good pavement conditions and tensile adhesion even after approximately five years of public use.

본 연구는 장기요양 기관 종사자들의 감염관리에 대한 인지도와 수행도 현황조사를 통해 감염 관리 실태를 파악하여 장기요양 기관의 종사자를 위한 효율적인 감염관리 및 교육 프로그램 개선을 위해 수행되었다. 연구 대상자는 C 지역의 장기요양 기관 35곳의 종사자 134명이며 2021년 7월 12일부터 7월 30일까지 구조화된 설문지를 사용하여 자료를 수집하였으며 SPSS 22.0 program을 이용하여 자료 분석하 였다. 연구 결과 대상자의 감염관리 인지도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 종사자의 직종(F=3.181, p=.032), 감 염관리 교육 경험(F=6.372, p=.013) 이었으며 감염관리 수행도 또한 종사자의 직종(F=3.972, p=.010), 감 염관리 교육 경험(F=4.403, p=.038)이 영향을 크게 미쳤다. 대상자의 감염관리 인지도와 수행도는 양의 상 관관계가 있었다(r=.919, p<.001). 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 코로나-19 팬데믹 상황에서 장기요양 기관의 환자 안전을 위해서는 종사자가 감염관리 중요성을 인지하는 것뿐만 아니라 직접 감염관리 행위를 수행하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이를 위해서는 기관의 규모에 상관없이 직종별, 교육 주제별 체계적이고 지 속적인 교육과정 마련과 감염관리체계의 질적 향상을 위한 평가 시스템의 법적 강화가 필요할 것으로 생각 한다.

이 연구는 GFRP관을 상수도관으로 사용하기 위해 테스트베드를 설치하여 지중매설된 관의 구조적 거동에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 또한, GFRP관의 역학적 성질을 조사하고 관 강성을 추정하였다. KS규격에서 제시하고 있는 허용드로우와 고압력(사용압력의 1.5∼2.0배), 트럭하중을 적용시켜 관 내부와 외부의 복합하중이 작용할 경우 관 내압의 변화와 관의 거동을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 상수관으로 GFRP관을 장기 사용하여도 충분한 내압을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance characteristics of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) pavement by comparison with polymer modified asphalt (PMA) pavement and conventional asphalt pavement, to check the performance characteristics according to the pavement type, pavement materials, traffic volume, and environmental factors and to analyze the quality variation characteristics according to the pavement materials using data extracted from the database of the expressway long-term pavement performance. METHODS : Approximately 10% outlier data of pavement performance data were excluded in order to increase the reliability of the analysis results before evaluating the asphalt pavement performance. The performance model was developed through linear regression analysis by setting the performance period as the independent variable and the highway pavement condition index (HPCI) as the dependent variable. Descriptive statistic analysis of HPCI using the static package for social science (SPSS) tool and the analysis of variance was performed to identify the quality variation characteristics according to the pavement materials. The amount of de-icing agent and traffic level of service were classified as two levels in order to check the influence of traffic volume and environmental factors on the performance characteristics of the asphalt pavement. RESULTS : The tentative pavement performance lives were calculated at 19.3 years for new the SMA pavement (GPS-2), 14.3 years for the SMA overlay on the asphalt pavement (GPS-6), and 10.3 years for the SMA overlay on the concrete pavement (GPS-7). In case of the asphalt overlay, the tentative performance lives were calculated at 8.2 years for the PMA overlay on the asphalt pavement (GPS-6), 7.2 years for the PMA overlay on the concrete pavement (GPS-7), 7.2 years for the conventional asphalt overlay on the asphalt pavement (GPS-6), and 5.5 years for the conventional asphalt overlay on the concrete pavement (GPS-7). CONCLUSIONS : It was confirmed that the SMA pavement showed better performance and quality variation characteristics than the PMA and conventional asphalt pavement. The performance characteristics of the asphalt pavement (GPS-2) was better than the asphalt overlay pavement, and the asphalt overlay on the asphalt pavement (GPS-6) had better performance characteristics than the asphalt overlay on the concrete pavement (GPS-7). It was observed that the asphalt overlay on the asphalt pavement (GPS-6) was strongly influenced by the traffic volume and the asphalt overlay on concrete pavement (GPS-7) was strongly influenced by the traffic volume and de-icing agent.

PURPOSES: This study evaluated the effect of fog seal treatment utilizing an agricultural oil-based asphalt concrete sealant (ABCS) on the long-term performance of an asphalt pavement. METHODS: Fog seal treatment using ABCS was applied on 800 m of the pavement section in the test section with a total length of 2,400 m; the remaining pavement section was not considered for this treatment. A series of laboratory and field tests were conducted on both sections, including a Marshall stability test, penetration test, viscosity test, skid resistance test, and pavement surface macrotexture test. In addition, the pavement condition index (PCI) was determined 8 years after the ABCS application to evaluate the effect of the ABCS treatment on the pavement’s long-term performance. RESULTS : The ABCS-treated section exhibited a PCI of 75, whereas the non-treated section exhibited a value of 64. Furthermore, a MicroPAVERTM‚ pavement management system determined that the pavement deterioration rates (i.e., drops in PCI) were 3.6 and 5.1 per year for the ABCS-treated and non-treated sections, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : The results of the series of laboratory and field tests revealed that the ABCS treatment increased the pavement performance life by approximately 3.5 years.