The oyster mushroom is a widely cultivated edible mushroom in Korea. It is a regionally specialized crop in Gyeonggi-do, where 68% of the national production is produced. The present study was conducted to develop a new, highquality cultivar with stable cultivation. ‘Manseon’ is a new variety of oyster mushroom suitable for bottle culture. It was produced by mating monokaryons isolated from ‘HB-18’ and ‘P15159-16’. The optimal temperature for ‘Manseon’ mycelial growth was 26–29 °C on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and for primordia formation and the growth of fruit bodies the optimal temperature was 18–19 °C on sawdust medium. Spawn running required 30 d, primordia formation required 4 d, and fruit body growth in the bottle culture required 4 d. Regarding the characteristics of the fruit bodies, the pilei were round and dark grayish brown, stipe color was white, and stipe shape was short and thick. The yield per bottle was 192.7 g/1,100 cc, which was 9% higher than that of the control strain (Suhan-1ho). The physical properties of springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and brittleness of stipe tissue were 87.9%, 77.4%, 445.1 kgf, and 389.6 kgf, respectively.

Volvariella bombycinais an edible mushroom commercially cultivated in Korea and other countries. In this study, the culture characteristics and optimal growth conditions of milky mushroom strains were determined. The growth temperature and pH range of V. bombycinawas extensively investigated between 15 and 35oC and pH 3–11. For efficient cultivation, 20 types of nutrient sources were selected, specifically, 21 carbon sources, 6 organic nitrogen sources, 7 inorganic nitrogen sources, 13 amino acids, 9 organic acids, and 13 inorganic salts. The impact of each of the selected nutrition sources and their concentration on growth was investigated. The optimum temperature and pH were determined to be 30oC and pH 8.0, respectively. The optimum concentration of medium elements required for mycelial growth of V. bombycinawas determined to be as follows: carbon source, 0.7% Soluble starch; organic nitrogen source, 0.7% Soytone; inorganic nitrogen source, 1.0% (NH4)2C4H4O6; amino acid, 0.1% cysteine; organic acid, 0.07% lactic acid; and inorganic salt, 0.07 mM CaCl2.

This study was conducted to reduce the phenomenon of the biased cultivation of certain mushroom varieties and to develop a competitive variety of Grifola frondosa. We developed the first Korean white commercial mushroom strain, ‘Bakyeon’, by crossing monokaryons derived from brown strains. We have collected and tested the characteristics of mushrooms from domestic and international genetic resources since 2018. We bred the unique domestic variety, ‘Bakyeon’, which has the following characteristics. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 25~28oC and the optimal temperature for fruit body growth was 16~18oC. The new variety was similar to the control variety (Daebak) in terms of the pileus, which formed a pine cone shape, and the number of days of cultivation. The yield was 94.1 g/bottle, which was 23% lower than the 108.5 g/bottle yield of the control variety. When incubating the parent and control varieties, the replacement line was clear. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction analysis of mycelial DNA resulted in different band patterns between the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.

꽃송이버섯 안정생산을 위해 액체종균배지조성 및 배양조건에 관한 연구결과, 물엿을 8Brix%로 조절하고 질소원으로 Yeast extract를 0.2%첨가한 배지에서 균사생장량이 우수하여 적합 배지로 선발하였다. 통기량에 따른 CO2발생량은 배양 9일까지 증가하다 감소하였고, 통기량이 높을수록 균체직경은 작아지고 배지감소율은 증가하여 통기량 0.9vvm이상에서 배지감소율이 급증하여 꽃송이버섯 액체종균에 적합한 통기량은 0.3~0.6 vvm 이 적합하였다. 또한, 배양기간일 길수록 균체량이 많았으나, CO2발생량이 높고 배지감소율이 낮은 9~11일을 적합 배양기간으로 설정하였다.

Pleurotus nebrondensis is a new type of commercially cultivated edible mushroom in china. It is well knowned for its large and fat body, pure white color and tender character, the most of delicious taste in many kinds of mushroom and ample nutrition. However, it is not spreaded because there are no domestic cultivar and stable cultivation method. For the new cultivar, we aim to find the superior strains for better mycelial and fruit body growth. So, we carried out to obtain morphological and physiological characteristics for an artificial cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis for collected strains. Twenty strains were cultivated with bottle and bag culture selected of high quality yield two strains. GMPN65034 was the highest yield with 133g/900㎖ for bottle cultivation. GMPN65027 was the highest yield with 145g/1.0kg for bag cultivation. In the future, we have the research project of Pleurotus nebrondensis breeding and culture system for stable production of a new reasonable substrate.

Suillus granulatus is an ectomycorrhizal fungus that is associated with pine roots. S. granulatus is edible mushroom and known as the weeping bolete. S. granulatus is similar to S. luteus, but S. granulatus has a ringless stalk. We investigated in the growth characteristics of the 4 strains of S. granulatus with growth medium, temperature, and cellulase enzyme activities. NIFoS 1211 and 2701 showed the highest growth on PDA and NIFoS 1997 produced abundant mycelia on MMN. NIFoS 2615 was grown well on SDA. In spite of same species, the optimal media were different according to habitat of fruit body. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth of all strains was 25oC and NIFoS 2615 was also grown well at 30oC. All of strains on MMN liquid medium were typically grown at pH ranges from 5.8 to 6.2. The dry weights of S. granulatus strains were measured according to different inorganic nitrogen sources. All strains showed the highest dry weight on MMN and showed little difference on none contained nitrogen source, ammonium and nitrate media. We measured cellulase activity on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar plates, and determined clear zone according to pHs. The 4 strains of S. granulatus showed the positive reactions in cellulase activity. All strains formed the height clear zone at pH 6.

표고(Lentinula edodes)는 우리나라의 주요 임산버섯으로 최근 표고 톱밥재배가 정착됨에 따라 급속도로 확산되고 있으나 국내 환경에 적합하고 재배시기를 다변화 할 수 있는 균주의 육성이 시급하다. 따라서 9개의 균주를 시험재배하여 생산성이 높고 자실체 특성이 우수한 4개 균주(SANJO701HO, FMRI2534, FMRI2337, FMRI2613)를 모균주로 선발하였고 균주당 각각 20개씩 총 80개의 단핵균주를 분리하여 117개의 교배균주를 육성하였다. 그중 산조701호와 FMRI2337의 교배조합이 다른 조합의 교배균주들보다 평균생장속도가 10% 가량 낮았으며 이들 교배균주의 배양 및 생리적 특성을 비교 조사하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 우수한 톱밥재배용 품종개발의 기반조성을 마련하고자 하였으며, 차후 교배균주에 대한 생산성 검정의 연구가 필요하다.

본 시험의 볏짚버섯속(Agrocybe) 2균주 ASI19003(A. cylindracea; 버들송이)와 '차신고'로 불려지는 ASI19016(A. chaxingu)의 배양생리 및 재배적 특성 비교에서 종간에는 많은 차이가 있었다. 균사생장 최적온도는 ASI19003이 28 , ASI19016이 30 이었으며 배지산도는 고체배지 평판배양의 경우 ASI19003과 ASI19016 균주 공히 pH 5.5∼7.0 범위에서 잘 자랐다. 그러나 액체배지 정치배양에서는 ASI19003이 pH 5.5에서, ASI19016이 pH 5.0에서 잘 자랐으며 ASI19016 균주의 경우 액체배지의 pH 6.0∼7.5 범위에서는 균사생장이 매우 저조한 특이적 현상을 나타내었다. 탄소원으로는 ASI19003이 lactose, ASI19016 균주가 fructose에서 잘 자라고, 질소원으로 ASI19003이 asparagine > alanine > glycine, ASI19016이 ammonium tartrate > asparagine > glycine > alanine 순이었다. 봄재배 시 ASI19003은 배양기간이 27일, 초발이소요일수 13일로 ASI19016의 29일과 17일보다 총재배기간이 6일 빨랐으며, 850 ㎖ PP병당 자실체 수량도 ASI19003이 114 g으로 ASI19016의 100g보다 15%가 많았다. 한편 여름재배 시 ASI19003은 배양기간이 29일, 초발이소요일수 11일로 ASI19016의 30일과 12일보다 총재배기간이 3일 빨랐다. 그러나 버섯 생육기에 온도가 상승하면 ASI19003 균주는 자실체 색이 옅어지고 조직이 물러지는 등 상품성이 낮아지는 단점이 있으나, ASI19016은 고온기에 오히려 버섯 발생이 빨라지고 자실체의 갓 색깔도 짙게 유지되는 장점이 있다. 따라서 봄, 가을과 겨울철에는 다수성인 ASI19003(버들송이)을, 여름철 고온기에는 상품성이 좋은 ASI19016(차신고)균주를 재배품종으로 선택함으로써 버들송이류 버섯의 상품성을 연중 내내 유지하면서 안정적인 공급이 가능할 것으로 본다.

맛버섯균의 균사 배양을 위한 최적배지는 버섯완전배지 (MCM), 최적균사 생장온도는 25 C, 최적pH는 5.0이었다. 균사생장이 가장 양호한 탄소원은 GLUCOSE, MANNOSE, 질소원은 YEAST EXTRACT, PEPTONE 및 ASPARAGINE, 등 이었다. 톱밥 병재배시(850㎖) 30일 배양후 숙성일수에 따른 초발이소요일, 자실체 생육일수 및 수량을 검토한 결과 숙성하지 않은 배양 30일 처리시 초발이소요일 15∼20일 , 병당 수량 79g인 반면 숙성일수가 가장 긴 배양 70일 처리시 초발이 소요일 6∼9일, 병당 수량 98g으로 숙성 일수가 길수록 초발이소요일이 빠르고, 수량이 증가하는 경향이었다. PP봉지 재배시 배 850g 배지에서 초발이소요일 17∼21일, 갓의 수 39개, 수량 157g으로 배지 회수율이 가장 양호하였다.

The purpose of this study was to develop the best mushroom cultivation conditions and the combination of mushroom culture media in order for mushroom producers and consumers. To reach this target, we first investigated the genetic relationship and developed suitable conditions of mycelial growth in Hypsizygus marmoreus strains. One superior strain of H. marmoreus was selected from 124 strains using bag culture. One hundred and twenty four strains were genetically classified into four main groups using two Universal Rice primers, URP2R and URP17R. The studies on the effects of different temperature (17, 21, 25, 29, 33℃) showed that 25℃ is the best temperature for mycelial growth for almost all strains while at 33℃ most of mycelium stop growth. Finally, ten strains were selected according to the groups identified by their temperature requirements. The length of mycelial growth in PDA, MCM, GPYM, MEA and MYP were longer than those in Czapek Dox. The selected ten strains of H. marmoreus showed heavier dry weight of mycelia at pH 3.0∼7.0 than any other pH. Although it was not show distinct requirement of carbon and nitrogen sources for vegetative growth according to strains, mainly the mycelial growth of the ten selected strains were observed at media including xylan and yeast extract, peptone, tryptone, respectively. Moreover, higher C/N ratio was observed in higher dry weight of mycelia.