This study examines the beliefs and practices regarding performance assessment among Korean English teachers in secondary schools. A survey was conducted with 109 teachers using a 52-item online questionnaire to investigate the extent to which teachers’ beliefs align with their instructional practices and to categorize them based on these criteria. Although teachers acknowledge the pedagogical advantages of performance assessment, a significant gap exists between their beliefs and actual implementation, primarily due to the considerable time required for its execution. Teachers with longer tenure and higher qualifications demonstrated a more positive and effective application of performance assessment. The findings highlight the necessity for targeted professional development to enhance teachers’ use of performance assessment strategies, especially for those who are skeptical about their effectiveness. Such initiatives are essential for bridging the gap between beliefs and practices, fostering an environment that promotes the effective use of performance assessment, and ultimately improving teaching quality and student learning outcomes in Korean English education.

In this study, we developed a technology that can measure key evaluation items in the field for various rehabilitation methods and evaluated its performance. The results are as follows. First, when the spray-on lining adhesion strength is measured after drying at high temperature (60℃) for 4 hours and cooling for 2 hours, the results are equivalent to or higher than the adhesion strength measured at room temperature after 48 hours. Therefore, the time required for measuring the adhesion strength in the field can be shortened to 1/8, and it is expected to be helpful in evaluating the condition of the spray-on lining. Second, depending on close or adhesive to existing pipe of the liner of the close-fit lining or CIPP lining, and the grouting condition of the slip lining, the sound frequency generation pattern, the vibration magnitude, and duration using the impact echo showed different characteristics. Therefore, it is thought that it is possible to evaluate liner lifting or grouting failure through analysis of the acoustic frequency, vibration magnitude, and duration. Third, when water penetrates the back of the liner of the close-fit lining or CIPP lining, it was found that the water penetrated between the liner and the existing pipe acts as a couplant, and a signal is repeatedly generated in which ultrasonic energy is transmitted and reflected to the steel pipe after the liner. Therefore, it is judged that it is possible to check whether water has penetrated the back of the liner using ultrasonic waves. Fourth, the liner tensile strength of the close-fit, CIPP lining was compared with the tensile test and the instrumented indentation test, and it was found that the tensile strength was similar. So it was judged that it will be helpful in evaluating the mechanical strength change without the liner specimen in the future.

초고성능 콘크리트(UHPC)는 높은 압축강도를 위해 일반콘크리트에 비해 높은 시멘트 및 바인더 함량을 가지고 있다. UHPC 의 시멘트량을 줄이기 위한 연구가 지속적으로 수행되었으며, 그중 플라이애시와 고로슬래그는 각각 20%, 50% 수준까지는 강도 저하 없이 적용 가능하다는 연구가 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 UHPC 배합에서 시멘트를 플라이애시와 고로슬래그로 치환하여 강도변화 및 유동성 변화를 분석하였다. 압축강도는 플라이애시 치환 실험체가 가장 낮으며, 고로슬래그는 치환 전과 유사한 강도를 보였다. 휨강도 는 고로슬래그, 플라이애시 치환 실험체 모두 감소하였다. 그러나 유동성은 플라이애시, 고로슬래그 실험체 모두 향상되면서 고성능감 수제 저감이 가능한 것을 확인하였다.

CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer)는 강재 대비 약 4배의 강도와 25% 수준의 경량성을 보 유한 신소재 복합재료이며, 부식과 같은 화학적 반응에 대한 저항성이 우수하다. 이러한 특징으로 인 해 전 세계적으로 부식에 취약한 철근의 대체재로써 연구가 활발하게 진행 중이다. 국내에서 적용되고 있는 CFPR 보강재에 대한 성능 평가의 경우, 재료의 단편적인 물성치 조사를 통한 단기 성능 평가(인 장 등)에 초점을 두고 수행되고 있어, 보강된 RC(Reinforced Concrete) 구조물 내 장기 거동 특성(피 로 등)이 반영된 CFRP 보강재 자체의 성능 검증이나 품질 기준이 전무한 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 연 구에서는 기존의 단기 성능 평가 방법의 한계를 극복하고자 선행 연구를 바탕으로 건설 산업 분야에 서 상용화된 건설용 CFRP의 장기 거동 특성을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 RC 구조물 내 ‧ 외부에 보강된 CFRP 보강재의 실제 하중 환경을 모사하기 위해 ASTM D7772 및 D6272를 바 탕으로 4점 휨 시험 기반 휨-인장 피로 시험 장비를 개발하였으며, 섬유 함침율이 50%인 CFRP 시편 을 대상으로 3, 5, 7, 9mm의 변위 하중을 고려하여 보강재의 장기 거동 분석 및 피로 성능 한계 곡 선(r-N curve)을 구성하였다. FRP의 피로 거동은 유효 응력이 감소하다 일정 수준에서 일정하게 유지 된다는 특징을 보인다. 따라서 선행 연구를 참고하여 CFRP 시편의 피로 파괴를 초기 응력이 80% 감 소된 시점으로 정의하여 피로 시험을 시행하였다. 시험 결과, CFRP 보강재의 피로 거동은 하중이 급 격하게 감소하는 영역(영역 I), 변곡점 이후 감소가 미미한 영역(영역 II), 변곡점 이후 감소가 미미한 영역(영역 III)으로 구분되었다. 평균적으로 약 105 사이클까지 영역 I를 보였으며, 이후 영역 II와 영역 III가 순차적으로 나타남을 확인하였다. 이러한 시험 결과를 바탕으로 r-N curve를 구성하였으며, 이 를 기준으로 상용 CFRP 보강재의 피로 성능 합불 여부를 평가할 수 있다.

본 연구는 유색과 백색품종 토종오리의 성별에 따른 생산능력과 도체특성을 평가하고자 실시하였다. 1일령 토종오리 총 480수를 2개 품종(유색과 백색)×2개 성별(암컷과 수컷)로 총 4처리구의 4반복으로 반복 당 30수씩 평사에 나누어 8주간 사양실험을 진행하였다. 본 연구결과, 전체 사양실험기 간에서 토종오리의 체중, 증체량 및 사료섭취량은 품종(유색과 백색) 간 차이는 없었으나 수컷이 암컷보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 이와 유사하게, 사료요구율은 유색품종과 백색품종의 차이가 없었으나 수컷이 암컷에 비해 유의적으로 개선됨을 확인하였다(p<0.05). 토종오리의 머리, 가슴육, 다리육 및 간의 무게는 처리구간 통계적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 도체중량은 처리구간 차이가 없었으나, 도체율은 백색품종이 유색품종과 비교해 현저히 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 복강지방 무게는 수컷이 암컷에 비해 높았으며(p<0.05) 백색품종이 유색품종보다 높았다(p<0.05). 폐사율은 토종오리 의 품종과 성별에 따른 유의적 차이가 없었다. 본 연구결과는 토종오리의 육성기 단계에서 사육성적에 대한 기초자료로 이용될 것으로 사료된다.

In this study, the physical properties and fracture characteristics according to the tensile load are evaluated on the materials of the polymeric filler and carbon fiber-based composite sleeve technique. The polymeric filler and the composite sleeve technique are applied to areas where the pipe body thickness is reduced due to corrosion in large-diameter water pipes. First, the tensile strength of the polymeric filler was 161.48~240.43 kgf/cm2, and the tensile strength of the polyurea polymeric filler was relatively higher than that of the epoxy. However, the tensile strength of the polymeric filler is relatively very low compared to ductile cast iron pipes(4,300 kgf/cm2<) or steel pipes(4,100 kgf/cm2). Second, the tensile strength of glass fiber, which is mainly used in composite sleeves, is 3,887.0 kgf/cm2, and that of carbon fiber is up to 5,922.5 kgf/cm2. The tensile strengths of glass and carbon fiber are higher than ductile cast iron pipe or steel pipe. Third, when reinforcing the hemispherical simulated corrosion shape of the ductile cast iron pipe and the steel pipe with a polymeric filler, there was an effect of increasing the ultimate tensile load by 1.04 to 1.06 times, but the ultimate load was 37.7 to 53.7% compared to the ductile cast iron or steel specimen without corrosion damage. It was found that the effect on the reinforcement of the corrosion damaged part was insignificant. Fourth, the composite sleeve using carbon fiber showed an ultimate load of 1.10(0.61T, 1,821.0 kgf) and 1.02(0.60T, 2,290.7 kgf) times higher than the ductile cast iron pipe(1,657.83 kgf) and steel pipe(2,236.8 kgf), respectively. When using a composite sleeve such as fiber, the corrosion damage part of large-diameter water pipes can be reinforced with same level as the original pipe, and the supply stability can be secured through accident prevention.

In this study, as the proportion of aged pipelines increases rapidly, in the event of an accident caused by corrosion and structural deterioration of metal pipes, appropriate overlay welding is applied in the field to partially repair it. The size of the base steel plate and the selection of a stable welding method were evaluated, and possible problems caused by the overlay welding were identified, and improvement measures were proposed. For the test, a new steel pipe coated with epoxy lining on the inner surface and polyethylene on the outer surface was subjected to a tensile test by processing the repaired specimen through overlay welding with a steel plate after artificial cracking, and structural safety was evaluated after repair. Furthermore, the influences of the size of the throat and the size of the steel plate were analyzed. As a result of the tensile test by dividing the repaired steel plate overlay into a constraint and non-constraint conditions, the tensile load was concentrated in the welded part and damage occurred in the welded part. It was found that the maximum load leading to breakage increases as the size of the welding throat increases. In addition, it was found that the resistance to load increased slightly as the size of the overlaid steel plate increased, but the effect was not significant, confirming the need for repair in consideration of the site conditions. As a result of evaluating the damage to the coating material on the back side of the welding, it was confirmed that the coating material on the opposite side of the welding burned black(epoxy) or was greatly deformed by heat(polyethylene). Therefore, it is necessary to secure structural stability through repainting, etc. in order to prevent damage to the coating material on the opposite side during overlay welding.

The purpose of this study is to present a diagnostic evaluation tool that can more accurately determine the academic performance level in Korean language proficiency of foreign undergraduate students studying at domestic universities. The diagnostic evaluation diagnoses the academic Korean language proficiency of foreign undergraduates, and provides the diagnosis results to foreign undergraduates, professors, and university institutions so that teaching activities can be conducted efficiently. In this study, it was considered that the ‘Basic Academic Ability Diagnostic Test for the Korean Language Subject' was suitable as a test tool for diagnosing to diagnose the academic achievment of foreign undergraduates. This diagnostic test is a diagnostic tool designed for Korean students in Korea, and it not only continuously verifies its reliability and validity, but also includes background knowledge that Korean university students in Korea are basically acquiring. To prove that the 'Basic Academic Ability Diagnostic Test' is suitable as a diagnostic evaluation tool for foreign undergraduates, the correlation with the Korean language achievement evaluation was analyzed. The correlation between diagnostic evaluation and other items showed a significantly positive correlation. When the diagnostic evaluation score was good, the pre-test and post-test scores of Korean language proficiency, and the TOPIC level was also high. This result proves that the basic academic ability diagnostic test tool is very suitable as a diagnostic evaluation tool for foreign undergraduate students. Also, the analysis result of the pre- and post-tests and the TOPIK test showed a very significant and strong positive correlation with the post-test, and the higher the TOPIK grade, the higher the score of the pre‐test.

우리나라는 산업통상자원부를 통해 ‘LNG 벙커링(연료공급) 전용선 건조지원사업’을 한국가스공사를 중심으로 추진하고 있고, 동시 해양수산부는 부산신항내 LNG 벙커링 터미널 구축을 추진하고 있다. LNG 벙커링 전용선박은 LNG 연료를 터미널에서 대상 선박으로 공급하기 위한 필수 대상이고, 이에 따라 안정 운항에 대한 절차서의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 연안선박용 LNG벙커 링 전용선박의 운항 절차서를 제안하기 위하여 부산 신항에서 부산항 정박지로 운항하는 연안선박용 LNG 벙커링 전용선박의 안정성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 포텐셜 유동해석 기반의 운동해석을 수행하여 취득한 선체운동 응답진폭함수를 운항 해역의 5년간 관측된 실해역 자료와 부산 연안에 적합한 TMA스펙트럼과 합성하여 유의파고별 연안선박용 LNG 벙커링 전용 선박의 내항성능 평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과는 유의파고 2 m 이상에서 횡동요와 수평가속도가 내항성능에 주요 위험 요소가 됨을 알 수 있었다. LNG 벙커링 전용선박의 운항 가능 기간은 총 관측기간의 83.3 ~ 99.9 % 수준임을 알 수 있었다.

도로 교량 시설물은 그동안 인적, 물적 자원의 이동을 원활하게 하여 지역 균형 발전을 도모할 뿐만 아니라, 생산성 증대에 기여함으로써 국가 발전의 토대가 되어왔다. 최근 시간이 지남에 따라, 사회기반 시설물의 노후화가 진행되고 있으며, 지속적 유지·관리를 통해 사회적 자산인 시설물 유지에 대한 필요성이 더욱 증대되었다. 도로교량 시설물의 점검 및 평가체계는 시설물의 현재의 상태를 정확히 진단하고, 시설물을 이용에 있어서 필요한 성능들의 만족 여부를 면밀히 평가할 수 있도록 해야한다. 이로써, 교통 인프라 시설을 유지관리하는데 필요한 합리적인 의사결정이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 중소 도로 교량의 성능평가 도입을 위한 기초 연구를 위하여, 국내외 도로 교량 시설물의 점검 및 평가체계 비 교·분석 연구를 수행하였다. 기존 국내 도로 교량 시설물의 정기점검 및 정밀안전진단에서의 점검 항목 및 평가방식, 국내 제1 종 및 제2종 시설물 종합성능평가에서의 평가항목 및 체계 분석과, 제3종 시설물 안전등급 평가 매뉴얼의 평가항목 및 체계에 대한 대응 분석을 수행하였다. 또한, 국외 교량 점검 및 평가 매뉴얼을 분석을 통해, 국내 도로 교량 시설물의 점검 및 평가체 계와의 비교·분석 검토 연구를 수행하였다.

본 연구에서는 1988년 이전에 설계된 RC라멘+코어월 구조형식의 비내진 건축물을 선정하여 내진성능평가를 통해 현재 건축물들의 내진성능수준을 파악하고, 목표 내진성능수준에 적합하도록 보강 방안을 제시하였고, 보강방법별 성능을 비교하 였다. 보강 전 중앙코어 건축물과 측면코어 건축물의 내진성능수준은 모두 붕괴방지수준이었지만 보강 후에는 두 건축물 모두 목표 내진성능수준인 거주가능수준으로 성능이 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 보강방법별 성능을 비교한 결과 중앙코어 건축물의 경우 벽체보강방법이 가장 성능이 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 측면코어 건축물의 경우 가새보강방법이 가장 성능이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

The strategy for the management of earthquakes is shifting from post recovery to prevention; therefore, seismic performance management requires quantitative predictions of damage and the establishment of strategies for initial responses to earthquakes. Currently, seismic performance evaluation for seismic management in Korea consists of two stages: preliminary evaluation and detailed evaluation. Also, the priority of seismic performance management is determined in accordance with the preliminary evaluation. As a deterministic method, preliminary evaluation quantifies the physical condition and socio-economic importance of a facility by various predetermined indices, and the priority is decided by the relative value of the indices; however, with the deterministic method it is difficult to consider any uncertainty related to the return-year, epicenter, and propagation of seismic energy. Also this method cannot support tasks such as quantitative socio-economic damage and the provision of data for initial responses to earthquakes. Moreover, indirect damage is often greater than direct damage; therefore, a method to quantify damage is needed to enhance accuracy. In this paper, a Seismic Risk Assessment is used to quantify the cost of damage of road facilities in Pohang city and to support decision making.

We used three gas sensors to monitor hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which were frequently emitted from environmental facilities, such as municipal wastewater treatment, livestock manure treatment, and food waste composting facilities. Two electrochemical (EC) sensors for detecting hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, and a photoionization detector (PID) sensor for detecting VOCs were characterized in this study. The performance of their linearity by concentration levels, lower detection limit (LDL), repeatability, reproducibility, precision, and response time were tested under the laboratory condition. The linearity according to concentration levels were favorable for all three sensors with high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.98). The ammonia sensor showed the highest LDL (18.6 ppb) and the hydrogen sulfide and VOC sensors showed 22.3 ppb and 26.7 ppb of LDL, respectively. The reproducibility and precision were favorable for all three sensors, indicating a lower relative standard deviation (RSD) than 0.9% in the reproducibility test and 7.2% in the precision test. The response times to reach target concentration were varied from 1 to 12 minutes. The ammonia sensor needed 12 minutes of response time at 1 ppm target the NH3 concentration and the hydrogen sulfide and VOC sensors needed less than 2 minutes of response time.

Le but de cette étude est de suggérer un échantillon d’ensembles d’outils de test pour évaluer l’évaluation basée sur les performances des tâches dans l’enseignement intégratif de la langue et de la culture françaises. À cette fin, cette étude a analysé les caractéristiques de l’évaluation basée sur la performance des tâches, la compétence communicative de Hymes, Canale, Swain et, Bachman et la compétence culturelle. En outre, cette étude a examiné les compétences de l’apprenant/utilisateur fournies par le Cadre européen commun de référence. Les résultats montrent: 1) les critères d’évaluation: compétence linguistique(connaissance du système linguistique, compétence du discours, compétence sociolinguistique), compétence culturelle(connaissance culturelle, attitude, compétence), compétence d’exécution de la tâche(connaissance procédurale, compétence d’exécution, compétence stratégique), 2) sous-catégorie et construction, et 3) auto-évaluation et évaluation par les pairs.

Recent earthquakes in Korea caused some damages to stone pagodas and thereby awakened the importance of earthquake preparedness. Korean stone pagodas which have been built with very creative style of material use and construction method are worthy of world heritage. Each stone pagoda consists of three parts: top; body; and base. However each tower is uniquely defined by its own features, which makes it more difficult to generalize the seismic assessment method for stone pagodas. This study has focused on qualitative preliminary evaluation of stone pagodas that enables us to compare the relative seismic performance across major aspects among many various Korean pagodas. Specifically an analytical model for multi-block stone pagodas is to be proposed upon the investigation of structural characteristics of stone pagoda and their dynamic behavior. A strategy for seismic evaluation of heritage stone pagodas is to be established and major evaluation factors appropriate for the qualitative evaluation are identified. The evaluation factors for overall seismic resisting behavior of stone pagodas are selected based on the dynamic motions of a rigid block and its limit state. Numerical simulation analysis using discrete element method is performed to analyze the sensitivity of each factor to earthquake and discuss some effects on seismic performance.

Recently, blockchain technology has been recognized as one of the most important issues for the 4th Industrial Revolution which can be represented by Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things. Cryptocurrency, named Bitcoin, was the first successful implementation of blockchain, and it triggered the emergence of various cryptocurrencies. In addition, blockchain technology has been applied to various applications such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, logistics as well as public services. Distributed consensus algorithm is an essential component in blockchain, and it enables all nodes belonging to blockchain network to make an agreement, which means all nodes have the same information. For example, Bitcoin uses a consensus algorithm called Proof-of-Work (PoW) that gives possession of block generation based on the computational volume committed by nodes. However, energy consumption for block generation in PoW has drastically increased due to the growth of computational performance to prove the possession of block. Although many other distributed consensus algorithms including Proof-of-Stake are suggested, they have their own advantages and limitations, and new research works should be proposed to overcome these limitations. For doing this, above all things, we need to establish an evaluation method existing distributed consensus algorithms. Based on this motivation, in this work, we suggest and analyze assessment items by classifying them as efficiency and safety perspectives for investigating existing distributed consensus algorithms. Furthermore, we suggest new assessment criteria and their implementation methods, which can be used for a baseline for improving performance of existing distributed consensus algorithms and designing new consensus algorithm in future.

본 연구는 간편화된 소성 접선 곡선을 적용하여 노측용 가드레일 시스템의 충격 성능을 평가하기 위한 유한요소 충돌해석을 수행하였다. 충돌해석은 Cowper-Symond 모델을 적용하여 변형률 속도 영향에 대한 결과의 정확성을 향상시켰다. 수치 해석 결과는 소성 접선 곡선을 고려한 향상된 모델의 중요성을 보여준다. 다양한 매개변수에 대한 해석 결과는 서로 다른 모델에 대하여 동적 응답 및 탑승자 안전지수를 중심으로 비교 검증하여 도출하였다.