Process-based models are effective in addressing spatially explicit dispersal of invasive species based on life mechanisms including birth, death, movement and response to environmental factors. An invading alien species, the western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis), spreads rapidly in the Korean peninsula since 1988. Process-based models were developed to include the rules occurred in population dynamics of the western conifer seed bug population. Passive movements were additionally linked to the models to present local and global transportations due to sapling trades. Simulation results presented the rapid dispersal of the pest species, comparable to field data. Model parameters including the Alle effect threshold and contribution of global transportation were adjusted to reveal spatially-explicit advancement patters of the species. Utilization of process-based models is further discussed in monitoring and management of forest insect pests in field conditions.

EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) is an indolent, superficial lymphoproliferative disorder that occurs in either iatrogenic or age-associated immunocompromised patients with latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although EBVMCU is histologically similar with other lymphoproliferative disorders, such as EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma, the diseases are classified as distinct entities by the World Health Organization with different clinical manifestations, prognosis, and genetic profiles. EBVMCU commonly shows spontaneous regression by conservative management, reduction or cessation of immunosuppressive treatment, but local progression is possible. Complete remission of disease can be achieved with combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy and local radiation therapy. Herein, we report 2 cases of oral superficial lymphoproliferative disorders arising adjacent to the gnathic bone with striking differences in prognosis and bone involvement. One of the cases induced extensive osteomyelitis in the underlying bone. Furthermore, we discussed the differential diagnosis of EBVMCU and reviewed the former literature.

Background/Aim: In gallbladder cancer (GBC), gender differences in incidence and mortality rates have been reported with geographic variation. However, there is little known about sex-related difference in GBC prognosis. This study compares prognostic factors according to gender for GBC. Methods: We searched clinicopathological factors in all stages of 952 GBC patients from seven medical centers in Korea. A total of 927 patients were enrolled and surgery with curative resection was performed in 499 patients. Results: Carbohydrate antigen (≥37 U/mL) was a significant prognostic factor in both females and males (odd ratio [OR], 4.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.13-5.89; p<0.001). Age was a significant factor only in female patients, elderly patients were associated with low resectability and the likelihood of T-stage >2; an independent predictor of poor prognosis via multivariate analysis (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05; p=0.005, OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08; p=0.002). Body mass index (BMI) also showed gender difference, and lower BMI (≤25 kg/m2) was the significant good indicator of multivariate analysis for lymph node metastasis in female patients (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.77; p=0.005) but, the significant poor indicator of univariate analysis for advanced T-stage in male (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.40-5.54; p=0.003). Conclusions: These results suggest that there is a possibility of gender difference in GBC prognosis. Age and high BMI were poor prognostic factors for curative resection for female GBC patients.

Limb amputation is a salvage surgical procedure relatively common in small animals and other species. Wild animals after forelimb amputation have many difficulties in returning to normal life because forelimbs of arboreal quadrupeds are used to carry most of their weight and hold feed. This study investigated forelimb amputation and its outcomes in two raccoon dogs. Two male raccoon dogs presented for radio-ulnar fractures. Shoulder disarticulation amputation was applied to protect the thoracic cavity and reduce surgical time. After the operation, they could run comparatively faster with three legs. As they had good body condition and regular appetite during the hospitalization period, they were released to the area from which they were captured. Six months after the release, one of the raccoon dogs represented for hair loss by mites. It showed satisfactory function of the existing three limbs. Thus, amputation of forelimb could be considered as a treatment in raccoon dogs with severe limb status.

본 연구에서는 뇌우 돌풍 발생일의 시계열을 통해 뇌우 돌풍 발생에 대한 전조현상을 분석하였다. 돌풍이 관측된 날에 뇌전현상의 유무에 따라 뇌우에 의한 돌풍과 다른 요인으로 인해 발생한 돌풍을 분류하였으며, 뇌우 돌풍 발생일의 시계열을 분석하여 뇌우 돌풍 발생 이전에 급격한 풍속이 상승하는 비정상적(non-stationary) 시계열 특성을 보임을 확인하였다. 뇌우 돌풍 발생 시점을 기준으로 이전 풍속의 이동평균을 이용하여 풍속의 급격한 상승시점을 분석 하였으며, 이동평균의 시계열을 일반적 함수형태로 표현하였다. 이 결과를 이용하여 뇌우 돌풍 발생 이전 급격한 풍속이 상승하는 시점의 확률분포를 분석하고 이동평균의 단위시간 별 뇌우 돌풍 발생확률에 의한 위험평가 기법을 제시하였다.

본 연구에서는 모드 I의 변동진폭하중 하에서 평판의 두께관통 균열성장을 예측하고 예측결과를 실험을 통해 검증하였 다. 균열성장 모델을 위해 과하중으로 인한 균열가속과 지연효과를 고려하는 Huang의 모델식을 이용하였다. 실험적 검증 을 위해 Al6016-T6 평판 균열을 제작하여 변동하중을 부여하고 균열길이를 일정 주기로 육안 측정하였다. 측정데이터로부 터 모델 변수를 추정하기 위해 베이지안 접근법에 기반한 파티클 필터 방법을 이용하였고, 이를 통해 위험크기까지의 미래 거동 및 잔존수명을 확률적으로 예측하였으며, 이를 실제 실험한 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 변동하중에 의한 균열지연이 잘 예측됨을 확인하였고, 측정 데이터가 증가할수록 예측된 중앙값(median)이 실제와 점점 더 일치하였다.

Recurrence-metastasis status of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue is a challenging oncologic problem. This study examined the expression of E-cadherin/β-catenin cell adhesion complex in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue through an immunohistochemical study. Twenty samples from 15 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, who were treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, consisted of primary or recurrent tumors along with matched metastatic lymph nodes were retrieved for immunohistochemical staining and grouped based on recurrence-metastasis status.Differences in stain localization were noted in E-cadherin, β–catenin and phospho β–catenin staining between different tumor groups based on the recurrence-metastasis status. The number of phospho β-catenin stain positive cells was found to have a significant role in survival. E-cadherin confirms its role as a powerful individual differentiation indicator and the role of β-catenin specially the phospho type elicts interest

A mathematical model for the synergistic interaction of physical and chemical environmental agents was suggested for quantitative prediction of irreversibly damaged cells after combined exposures. The model took into account the synergistic interaction of

Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of minor salivary glands and can also arise in a variety of sites in the head and neck including the major salivary glands, the esophagus, the lacrimal glands. ACC shows slow but relentless growth, so it shows long-term recurrence. The various reports about prognostic factors which influence the recurrence pattern are introduced but the reports about prognostic factors are rare in Korean adenoid cystic carcinoma patients. We examined 40 ACC patients who finally diagnosed at Department of Oral Pathology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features were reviewed and factors correlated with recurrence and survival were analyzed. The 5-year survival rate of T3,T4 stage was 31.2%, while that of the T1,T2 stage was 88.2%, and the difference 5-year survival and T stage was statistically significant. The rate of local recurrence was 20% and the rate of distant metastasis was 27.5%. Mean recurrence time were 4.8 years and 5.2 years. There was no significant difference between age, sex, T stage, TNM stage, histologic type and recurrence. But the high T stage and the solid type recurred more frequently. There was no significant difference between recurrence rate, 5-year survival rate and Ki-67, MVD expression. But the higher expression of Ki-67, MVD show the higher recurrence rate and the lower 5-year survival rate

Proportion of elderly patients is gradually increasing in the republic of Korea. However, intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy is recently not recommended in elderly acute ischemic stroke patients, although old age is not a proven contraindication to intravenous rt-PA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and prognosis of intravenous thrombolysis in elderly patients.

Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 38 cases of bacterial meningitis that were proven by cerebrospinal fluid culture. Each case occurred by GBS (68.4%), Pneumococcus (15.8%), E. coli (5.3%), Streptococcus mitis (5.3%), Streptococcus bovis (2.6%), and Staphylococcus xylosus (2.6%). Compared to 28 cases with normal outcome, 10 cases who died or had adverse outcomes at hospital discharge were more likely to present with coma, seizure (before or within admission, focal, status epilepticus), require pressor or ventilator support, have initial peripheral blood leukocyte count less than 4,000/mm3 or neutrophil count less than 1,000/mm3, and have hydrocephalus or cerebral infarction by brain imaging.

본 연구에서는 뇌우 돌풍의 사전예측기술 개발을 위한 기반을 마련하기 위해 뇌우 돌풍 시계열 데이터를 통해 전조특성을 분석하고 전조특성에 따라 뇌우 돌풍의 발생의 확률적 분포를 분석하였다. 어떠한 현상에 대한 위험도를 평가하는 기준에는 불확실성이 있으며, 뇌우 돌풍의 경우 이러한 비뇌우 돌풍에 비해 단기적이고 국지적이기 때문에 불확실성이 높다. 따라서 뇌우 돌풍의 비뇌우 돌풍에 비해 불확실성의 관점에서 위험도가 더 높다. 하지만 뇌우 돌풍의 피해는 최근 점차 증가하는 추세에 있으며, 이에 따라 이를 사전에 예측할 수 있는 기술이 요구되고 있다. 사전 예측을 위해서는 전조 특성에 대한 파악이 중요하며, 뇌우 돌풍의 전조특성을 분석하기 위해 일 최대순간풍속 데이터와 기사자료를 통해 뇌우 돌풍을 분류하였다. 또한 분류 된 뇌우 돌풍과 비뇌우 돌풍의 1분 평균 풍속 시계열을 추세를 비교분석하였으며, 로그형태로 구성 된 함수를 통해 이동평균의 증가시점 파악하여, 1~12시간에 대한 각 시간별 풍속 상승 이후 뇌우 돌풍의 발생 시간을 통계적으로 분석하였다. 뇌우 돌풍 시계열의 이동 평균을 통해 뇌우 돌풍 발생 시간을 대해 확률적 분포를 활용하여, 1~12 시간별 이동평균의 풍속 상승이후 뇌우 돌풍이 발생할 확률을 분석하였다.