본 연구에서는 전문대학생들의 자아존중감, 자아분화수준, 스마트폰 중독의 관계를 파악하고자 하였다. 전문대학생들의 자아존중감, 자아분화수준이 스마트폰 중독에 미치는 영향을 밝히는데 목적을 두었다. 수집된 285부의 자료는 SPSS WIN 22.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 첫째, 전문대학생의 자아존중감, 자아분화수준, 스마트폰 중독의 일반적 특성에 대해 살펴보았다. 둘째, 전문대학생의 자아존중감, 자아분화수준, 자아존중감, 스마트폰 중독의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 상관관계분석을 실시하였다. 셋째, 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 미치는 자아존중감, 자아분화 수준의 영향력을 알아보기 위하여 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 첫째 전문대학생들의 자아존중감이 낮아질수록 전문대학생들의 스마트폰 중독 정도 가 높아진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 전문대학생들의 자아분화수준이 낮을수록 스마트폰 중독 정도가 높아진다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 스마트폰으로 야기되는 문제들을 개선하고 건강하고 바람직한 스마트폰 사용 습관을 위한 프로그램의 기반이 되고자 한다.

The Location Based Service is growing rapidly nowadays due to the universalization of the use for smartphone, and therefore the location determination technology has been placed in a very important position. this study suggests an algorithm that can provide the estimate of users' location by using smartphone sensors. And in doing so we will propose a methodology for the creation and update of indoor map though the more accurate position estimation using smartphone sensors such as acceleration sensor, gyroscope sensor, geomagnetic sensor and rotation sensor.

The rate of fire in buildings is gradually increasing in these days and the damage of property are severely increasing. This study suggests a methodology that provides information of the emergency exits based on indoor location services. The methodology uses determination technology and the latest update of indoor map generation via the built-in sensors of smartphone. This paper enhances the accuracy of indoor localization, and also it is to study how to provide exact indoor layout for rescuing the workers in emergency, such as fires and natural disasters.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of smartphone size and use on fatigue of the extensor pollicis longus and abductor digiti minimi, and digiti minimi deformity. The 40 people assigned to the experimental group spent at least 6 hours using the smartphone and used the digiti minimi for support. The control group spent at least 3 hours using the smartphone, however did not use digiti mini for support. Questionnaires were used to measure smartphone usage, daily use duration, and method of holding the smartphone device. X-rays of distal interphalangeal joint angle deformity of the digiti minimi were assessed. Surface electromyography was used to analyze muscle fatigue. The angle deformity was significantly different between the experimental group and the control group, and fatigue of the extensor pollicis longus and abductor digiti minimi of the large smartphone users were high. The muscle fatigue was reduced when the smartphone size fit well with the user's hand. This study suggests that the size of the smartphone influence the fatigue of the hand muscles.

This study aims to gather precise information on the real fabric color and texture, and purchasing intention of mobile shoppers buying clothes. Eighty volunteers participated in the sensory test on three smartphones with four colors and two fabricssmooth taffeta and hairy doeskin. This study carried out the posteriori test using the one-way ANOVA and Duncan test by SPSS21.0. In the analysis’ results of color preference, there were no differences among the four colors of taffeta between the smartphones, but different preferences between the red and yellow doeskin exist. In the case of the Samsung phone, which has an immense color distortion, the red fabric has a low color preference. In contrast, on the Apple phone yellow fabric had the highest preference because of its brightness. The Apple phone also has the highest purchasing intention of yellow colored taffeta, which is similar to the color preference results, although the real fabric has the opposite result. For doeskin, the real red and blue colored fabric has the highest purchasing intention. The Samsung phone has the biggest color mismatch with the real fabric. It also has the lowest purchasing intention of red taffeta fabric, while the LG phone has the lowest purchasing intention of blue fabric. Using the paired comparison method of the similarity between ‘real’ fabrics and the mobile version of fabric colors has a low similarity on all four colors of taffeta and doeskin fabrics. Therefore it can be concluded that phones do not represent the ‘real’ fabric color.

In the present study, we investigated the physiological effects of smartphone use at night when the display luminance and white balance were differently manipulated. Two levels of luminance and two types of white balance were combined to form four types of displays. Subjects were instructed to use smartphones between 23:00 to 01:00 twice a week for two weeks, and for each trial, subjects were given one of the four display types. Melatonin concentration in the saliva, body temperature and heart rate were measured before and after each experiment. The experimental result showed that the low luminance display supported melatonin secretion and thermoregulation compared to the high luminance display. With regard to the white balance, higher melatonin level was observed when using the display that filtered blue light. The low luminance display together with yellowish tint best supported restful sleep at night in terms of every physiological response. This study collectively demonstrates that bright and blue light emitted from smartphone displays adversely affect melatonin secretion, body temperature, and heart rate, and therefore, suggests the use of a display with low luminance or a display that filters blue light for a restful sleep at night.

목적 : 장애유형별로 스마트폰 사용의 특성과 사용실태를 확인하여 적합한 컨탠츠의 개발과 임상현장에 필요한 중재프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 한국정보화진흥원에서 조사한 ‘2016년 인터넷 과의존 실태조사’의 원 자료 사용 동의 후 장애인 스마트폰 사용 실태를 분석하였다. 대한민국에 거주하는 만 3세 이상 69세 이하 가구원 중 최근 1개월 이내 1회 이상 인터넷 또는 스마트폰을 사용한 24,386명 가운데 장애인 559명을 지체장애, 뇌병변장애, 청각장애, 시각장애로 분류하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 장애인들이 가장 많이 사용하는 콘텐츠는 메신저(94.8%), 웹서핑(74.9%), SNS(62.3%)였다. 장애인들은 가상현 실, 증강현실, 혼합현실에 대한 선호도가 높았으며, 지체장애, 뇌병변장애, 청각장애의 경우 스마트 미디어를 많이 사용하며 시각장애의 경우 PC를 가장 많이 사용하고 있었다. 모든 장애유형에서 인터넷 사용에 대한 만족도는 높았으며 주중 보다 주말에 인터넷 사용횟수와 시간이 높았다. 결론 : 장애인들은 가상현실과 관련하여 사용하고 있지는 않지만 높은 기대감을 보이고 있으며, 시각장애의 경우 장애의 특성과 함께 사용의 특성까지 고려된 콘텐츠 개발과 중재프로그램이 제공되어야 할 것이다.

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary behaviors, smartphone usagerelated dietary habits, and health-related lifestyles of higher grade students in elementary school according to risk level of smartphone overdependence. Subjects were 286 fifth and sixth grade students of elementary school in the Siheung and Ansan areas. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS v. 20.0. Based on scores of S-scale (smartphone overdependence scale for adolescents), subjects who used smartphone were classified into an overdependence group (ODG, n=52) and a normal group (NG, n=234). The ODG showed a significantly longer usage time than NG on both weekdays and weekends (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in total scores of nutrition knowledge between the ODG and NG. Average total scores of dietary attitude and dietary behavior in the ODG were significantly lower than in the NG (p<0.001). There were higher risks of ODG for skipping meals (OR=8.3, 95% CI=4.027-17.099), changing eating speed (OR=4.4, 95% CI=2.209-8.822), and changing meal amount due to smartphone usage (OR=2.9 95% CI=1.233-6.623). Therefore, education programs are needed to ensure proper dietary behaviors and habits among smartphone overdependent elementary school students.

Mobile shoppers have encountered frequent color mismatch in the products that they have purchased, as they can only rely on their sense of sight. Therefore, fabric color and color difference recognized by smartphone display during mobile shopping were studied using instrument analysis method. It aimed to gather precise information on actual fabric color understanding of the mobile shoppers purchasing textile products. Three smartphones were selected from LG, Samsung, and Apple companies, and four colors were researched (red, yellow, green and blue) to both polyester and wool test fabrics for color analysis though color measuring instruments. The results from the spectrophotometer indicated that the color coordinate location of smartphone fabric color is similarly distributed regardless of the type of fabric. The Samsung smartphone displays a relatively high color chroma (especially on red-colored fabric) regardless of the type of fabric due to a high color reproduction range. In contrast, the LG smartphone, which has high color temperature, displays high color chroma on the blue colored fabric with a significant color mismatch between the actual fabric color and smartphone fabric color. From the results of this study, issues related to mobile shopping can be addressed through an analysis of the products sold, the smartphone’s color representation, and user understanding.

Mobile shoppers have encountered frequent color mismatch in the products that they have purchased, as they can only rely on their sense of sight. Therefore, fabric color and color difference recognized by smartphone display during mobile shopping were studied using instrument analysis method. It aimed to gather precise information on actual fabric color understanding of the mobile shoppers purchasing textile products. Three smartphones were selected from LG, Samsung, and Apple companies, and four colors were researched (red, yellow, green and blue) to both polyester and wool test fabrics for color analysis though color measuring instruments. The results from the spectrophotometer indicated that the color coordinate location of smartphone fabric color is similarly distributed regardless of the type of fabric. The Samsung smartphone displays a relatively high color chroma (especially on red-colored fabric) regardless of the type of fabric due to a high color reproduction range. In contrast, the LG smartphone, which has high color temperature, displays high color chroma on the blue colored fabric with a significant color mismatch between the actual fabric color and smartphone fabric color. From the results of this study, issues related to mobile shopping can be addressed through an analysis of the products sold, the smartphone’s color representation, and user understanding.

The competition to acquire customers with repurchase intention is getting more and more intense in the saturated smartphone market. That is why the aim of this study is to investigate the difference in purchasing determinants between various age groups and gender. Furthermore we aimed to analyze which of the purchasing determinants influence repurchase intention. In order to gather information we conducted a survey on 252 respondents. We selected 5 purchasing determinants (A/S, H/W, switching cost, network effect and design) by conducting factor analysis and validity analysis. Then we analyzed how respondents of different age groups and gender perceived different purchasing determinants and analyzed the influence purchasing determinants have on repurchase intention. As for analyzing the difference of purchasing determinants throughout various age groups, the H/W, A/S, network effect showed a notable difference. The older respondents tended to consider H/W, A/S , network effect more importantly than younger respondents. When it came to comparing the results depending on the gender, male respondents tended to consider H/W factor more importantly compared to female respondents and the opposite was true for other factors such as A/S, switching cost, design, and network effect but there weren’t any significant differences. Finally, out of various determinant factors, network effect and design turned out to have a considerable influence on repurchase intention. That is why it would be highly appropriate to say that if a company intends to boost repurchase intention, enhancing network effect and developing an effective design would be crucial. This study differs from other existing researches in that we analyzed respondents from different age groups and gender separately. Also unlike other researches we directly analyzed the influence purchasing determinants have on repurchase intention not customer satisfaction. This study is expected to serve as basic information that can be used to establish strategies both in an academic and practical level, allowing companies to boost the repurchase intention of the smartphone market.

최근 정보통신기술의 발달로 선박에 육상과 동일한 인터넷 환경이 조성되고 있다. 선내 인터넷 사용에 대한 접근성이 높아지면서, 선원들은 휴대가 간편한 스마트폰을 이용해 인터넷을 사용하고 있다. 하지만 항해 중 스마트폰 사용의 부작용에 대해서는 심각하게 생각하고 있지 않으며, 그에 대한 연구도 거의 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 항해 중 스마트폰 사용의 위험성을 판별하기 위해 선박 조종 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 위험도 측정 실험을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션은 근접도 평가, 제어도 평가, 운항자의 주관적 평가 및 위험 상황인지 시간을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 스마트폰 사용 유무를 구분하여 위험 정도를 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 항해 중 스마트폰의 사용으로 인해 위험도가 최소 1.3배에서 최대 3배까지 증가한 것으로 분석되었다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 항해 중 스마트폰 사용 규제에 대한 기반을 마련하고, 스마트폰 사용지침을 수립하고자 한다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of determinants of Smartphone purchasing such as A/S, brand, H/W, switching cost, design on customer satisfaction and verify the accordance of the results of existing researches and our research with customers’ actual experience. The study also sought to confirm if moderating effects exist between determinants of Smartphone purchasing and customer satisfaction by age, gender. Data for this study was gathered by analyzing the results of a survey we conducted on 252 respondents. By taking into account the results of antecedent researches, we determined A/S, brand, H/W, switching cost, design as the 5 main factors that influence Smartphone purchasing behavior. We focused on analyzing the effect determinants of Smartphone purchasing has on consumer satisfaction and whether there exist any moderating effects between the determinants of Smartphone purchasing and consumer satisfaction by age and gender. As a result, we found out that design, brand, H/W had a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in the descending order. Switching cost and A/S turned out to have very little influence on consumer satisfaction. Also as a result of analyzing the moderating effects between determinants of Smartphone purchasing and consumer satisfaction by age and gender, the study verified that that A/S had the most significant influence as a moderating effect on age. And as for gender, switching cost was turned out to have a significant influence. The result of this study indicates several academic and practical implications for customer satisfaction of Smartphone business. Therefore, this result is expected to contribute to verifying influential factors of customer satisfaction improvement both academically and practically.

This study developed a smartphone addiction prevention program for adolescents based on narrative therapy. Its purpose was to examine the effectiveness of the narrative therapy program, and the way adolescents change from the application of the narrative therapy counseling technique. The study was conducted over a total of 90minute 8sessions, and it consisted of 11 participants separated into a test group and a control group. To verify the effectiveness of the program, pretest and posttests were performed on the two groups. The results of the study were as follows. The test group showed a significant change in tolerance, in the disturbance of adaptive functions, and in withdrawal on the smartphone addiction proneness scale. Thus, narrative therapy enabled positive changes in adolescents

This study analyzed symptoms of MSDs(Musculokeletal Disorders) associated with characteristics of smartphone usage based on questionnaire survey. This study also tried to identify their relationship based on the results from questionnaire survey. A total of 943 subjects participated for the survey. The results in terms of symptoms associated with smartphone usage were as follows; 1) 49.8% of respondents experienced symptoms associated with MSDs, 2) 35.9%, 34.0%, 22.1%, 21.7% and 20.9% of respondents had symptoms at shoulder, neck, elbow, wrist, and fingers respectively, 3) The effect of ‘daily time of data use’, ‘monthly costs’ for MSDs of respondents was significant. Specifically, this study has some significance since it tries to identify the relationship between MSDs symptoms and characteristics of smartphone usage. The results of the study can be good basis for better design and user guidelines of smartphone to prevent MSDs associated with smartphone usage.

This study was carried out with the goal of improving accessibility for farmers in record management. The pre-survey for farm records found that the main reasons for lack of records were “no need” and “no time” to keep such records. Based on the results of the pre-survey of smartphone-based farm recordkeeping, the major composition articles were management books, daily work logs, analysis books and additional books compiled by setting log in, notice and suggestions. The number of smartphone- based farm record books was 4,430 nationwide. We also updated farms keeping records on seven occasions for user convenience. Regional differences in the utilization ratio of record books showed that continuous promotion and education aimed at users were key points of success for farm recordkeeping books.

The purpose of this study was to investigate temporal and spatial variations, and moments of the lower extremities of gait while playing the game with smartphone under different curb-heights. Ten male elementary school students(from 10 years to 13 years old) participated in this study. Twelve infrared cameras(Oqus-500) and two force plates(9260AA) were used for collecting data and these were processed via Visual 3D software. In conclusion, with or without smartphone and with different curb-heights, the spatial and temporal parameters of walking were not the same and coefficients of variations were not consistent. The maximum joint moments of the lower extremities with or without smartphone were not statistically significant but those of hip and ankle joint were statistically significant with regard to the different heights of the curbs.

정보기술 발전과 함께 스마트폰이나 태블릿PC와 같은 터치스크린 기반의 다양한 휴대용 디바이스가 보급 및 활용되고 있다. 이러한 스마트 기기들은 탭(tab)이나 핀치(pinch)와 같은 단순하고 직관적인 터치 제스처를 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 스마트기기 사용자의 지도 애플리케이션에 대한 접근성 및 편의성을 증대시킬 수 있는 제스처 라이브러리를 구현하여 터치 제스처, 에어 제스처, 조이스틱 제스처 등이 웹지도 제어에 사용하도록 하였다. 이러한 제스처 라이브러리의 가용성 평가를 위하여 프로토타 입 애플리케이션을 제작하여 다양한 제스처 인터페이스의 동작이 원활함을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 구현한 제스처 라이브러리는 개발자가 사용하기에 편리한 형태의 객체 및 함수로 구성되었기 때문에, 웹지도와의 연동만으로도 다양한 제스처 인터페이스를 갖춘 지도 애플리케이션을 개발할 수 있다. 또한 현재까지 지도 인터페이스로서는 제안되지 않은 형태의 다양한 제스처 기능을 포함하고 있으며, 향후 HTML5 기반으로 확장하여 모바일 운영체제 비의존적인 라이브러리로 기능할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

목 적: 스마트폰 중독 그룹별로 스마트폰을 이용하여 동영상과 e-book 콘텐츠의 각각 다른 자극을 주고 나타나는 조절 기능의 변화를 알아보자 하였다. 방 법: 안과관련 수술 경험이 없고 안질환이 없는 성인 56명을 대상으로 ‘스마트폰 중독 진단 설문’을 실 시해 일반사용자군, 중독위험 군으로 분류하고 스마트폰을 이용해 동영상과 e-book 콘텐츠를 시청하게 한 뒤 조절기능과 자각적 피로도의 변화를 확인한다. 결 과: 동영상 콘텐츠 시청 후 조절반응, 조절력, 조절래그, 음성상대조절력, 양안조절용이성에서 유의한 차이를 보였고(p<0.05) e-book 콘텐츠 시청 후도 조절반응, 조절력, 조절래그, 음성상대조절력에서 유의한 차이를 보였으나 (p<0.05) 두 콘텐츠 간 조절기능의 변화는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 스마트폰 중독 정도가 심할수록 조절기능이 저하되는 경향을 보였고, 스마트폰 시청 후 조절기능이 더 크게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 결 론: 다양한 콘텐츠의 자극과 상관없이 스마트폰 사용은 조절기능의 변화를 가져온다. 스마트폰 중독 정도가 심할수록 조절기능이 저하되는 경향을 보였고, 스마트폰 사용 후 더 크게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 지속적인 중독위험군 선별로 스마트폰 중독이 다른 양안시 기능에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 추후 연구가 필요 할 것으로 사료된다.