This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics, yield and chemical compositions of whole crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) according to mixing ratio of chemical fertilizer (CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) in the paddy field cultivation. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with five treatments and three replications. The manure fertilizer ratio of five treatments were CF 100% (T1), CF 70% + LSM 30% (T2), CF 50% + LSM 50% (T3), CF 30% + LSM 70% (T4), and LSM 100% (T5) of whole crop barley. At this time, the application of liquid swine manure was based solely on the nitrogen. Plant length was higher at T1 as compared to other treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5). Fresh yield, dry matter yield and total digestive nutrients (TDN) yield were the highest in T1, whereas the lowest in T5 treatment (p<0.05). Chemical compositions (crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and TDN) did not show significant difference among treatments. Ca and Na contents were significantly lower at T1 as compared to other treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5). However, Mg and P contents were significantly higher at T1 as compared to other treatments(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in total free sugar content among T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments, but the chemical fertilizer (T1) was significantly lower than the other treatments (p<0.01). Considering the above results, liquid swine manure application showed lower dry matter yield and TDN yield than chemical fertilizer, but higher free sugar content. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity of whole crop barley, it is considered desirable to mix liquid fertilizer with chemical fertilizer, taking into account the decomposition rate and insufficient components (P, K) of the liquid swine manure.

본 실험은 논 토양에서 호밀 재배시 화학비료와 발효 돈분 액 비 혼용 시용이 생육특성 및 영양성분에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 자 실시하였다. 실험설계는 화학비료 100% 처리구(C), 화학비료 70% +돈분액비 30% 처리구(T1), 화학비료 50% +돈분액비 50%처리구(T2), 화학비료 30% +돈분액비 70% 처리구(T3) 그리고 돈분액비 100% 처리구(T4)로 한, 5처리 3반복 난괴법으로 배치 하였다. 이때 돈분 액비 시용은 질소량만을 기준으로 하였다. 초 장은 처리구들 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이삭길이, 엽장 및 엽폭은 각각 C, T3 및 T2구에서 각각 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 경의 굵기는 T4 > T3 > T2 > T1 > C구 순으로 돈분 액비 시용량이 높을수록 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 건물수량 및 TDN 수량은 T4구가 가장 높게 나타난 반면 C구가 가장 낮게 나 타났다(p<0.05). 조단백질, NDF, ADF 및 조섬유 함량에서는 처 리구들 간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 조지방 및 조회분 함량에 있어서는 각각 T2 및 T3구에서 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 총무기물 함량은 돈분액비 시용 비율이 증가할수록 유 의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 그러나 총 유리당 함량은 돈분액 비 시용 비율이 높았던 T3 및 T4구가 높게 나타난 반면 화학비료 처리구(C) 및 돈분액비 시용 비율이 낮은 구(T1)에서는 낮게 나 타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 수량성(건물수량, TDN수량)과 사일리지 품질에 영향을 미치는 유리당을 고려한다 면 화학비료와 돈분액비 혼용하거나 돈분액비를 시용하는 것도 효과적이라고 사료된다.

A laboratory-scale experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing commonly used effective microorganisms on the chemical properties of swine liquid manure. Effective microorganisms used in this study were Bacillus subtilis (1.3×109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml), Enterococcus faecium (1.9×1010 CFU/ml), Aspergillus oryzae (2.0×109 CFU/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (6.4×109 CFU/ml), Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1.2×108 CFU/ml), and Streptomyces griseus (6.2×108 CFU/ml). Swine liquid manure collected and decanted from a swine farm was used in this study. Treatments included control (distilled water supplementation), Treatment 1 (T1) (mixed microbes, 109 CFU/ml), and Treatment 2 (T2) (mixed microbes, 107 CFU/ml). Microbial mix was supplemented every 3.5 days and aerated six times (15 min each) a day to facilitate compositing. Ten ml of sample was collected at 2-, 4-, 6-, and 7-week intervals for the measurement of pH, ammonia-N, volatile fatty acid (VFA), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium. At seven weeks, samples were further collected to analyze biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Ammonia-N was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in T1 and T2 by 36% and 30%, respectively, compared with control (23%). VFAs including butyrate, iso-butyrate, valerate, iso-valerate, and caproate were not detected in T1 from the four-week aerated sample. The BOD and COD were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in T1 by 96% and 58%, respectively. In conclusion, ammonia-N, VFA, BOD, and COD, known as odor indicators, were decreased in T1 and T2 compared with control, suggesting that effective microorganisms are useful for compositing swine liquid manure

본 연구는 돈분액비에 화학비료를 첨가한 양분조정 맞춤액비 시용효과를 평가하기 위하여 기존의 3요소 단비 처리 및 돈분 맞춤액비 시용에 따른 고구마 생육과 수량 그리고 품질에 미치는 효과 등을 평가하였다. 돈분액비구의 10a당 괴근수량은 관행 화학비료 재배구(2,966 kg/10a)보다 약 5% 감수되었으나, 양분조정 맞춤액비 처리구 (NBSLM)에서는 3,217 kg/10a로 관행시비구(CF)와 돈분액비 시용구(SLM)에 비하여 각각 8, 14% 높았다. 관행시비구에 비하여 8% 높았다. 고구마 유리당 함량은 양분조정 맞춤액비구 (NBSLM)에서 6,11%로 관행재배구의 3,11% 보다 높았다. 특히 sucrose 함량이 양분조정 맞춤액비 시용구가 대조구보다 높았다. 고구마의 색도(Hunter value)를 조사한 결과 적색도의 정도를 나타내는 a값은 양분조정 맞춤액비(NBSLM)가 화학비료구보다 높았다. 결과적으로 양분조정 맞춤액비 시용 (NBSLM)은 고구마 괴근 수량이 돈분액비 시용구(SLM)에 비하여 14% 높은 수량 증수와 고구마 유리당 함량 증가, 고구 마의 적색도(a값) 증가에 의한 품질 향상 증대 뿐만아니라 화학비료를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

A study of the tissue depletion of florfenicol (FFC) administered orally to pigs at a dose of 0.05 kg/ton feed for 7 days was performed. Sixteen healthy cross swine were administered with FFC. Four treated animals were arbitrarily selected to be sacrificed 1, 3 and 5 days after the end of treatment. FFC residue concentrations in muscle, liver, kidney, and fat were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet photometric detector at 230 nm. The correlation coefficient (R2) of the calibration curve for florfenicol amine (FFCa) was > 0.997 and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.012 and 0.040 μg/mL, respectively. Recovery rates in swine edible tissues ranged from 79.1 to 93.5%. In the FFC-treated group, FFC residues at 3 days post-treatment were below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in muscle, kidney and fat, and those at 5 days post-administration were below the MRLs in all edible tissues. These results suggest that the withdrawal period of FFC after the drug treatment might be 5 days, which is a sufficient amount of time for reduction of the FFC residues below the MRLs in all edible tissues.

본 실험은 논 토양에서 사일리지용 수수 × 수수 교잡종 재배시 화학비료와 발효 돈분 액비 혼용 시용이 생육특성 및 영양성분에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 실 험설계는 화학비료 100% 처리구 (C), 화학비료 70% + 돈분 액비 30% 처리구 (T1), 화학비료 50% + 돈분액비 50% 처 리구 (T2), 화학비료 30% + 돈분액비 70% 처리구 (T3) 그리 고 돈분액비 100% 처리구 (T4)로 한, 5처리 3반복 난괴법 으로 배치하였다. 이때 돈분 액비 시용은 질소량만을 기준 으로 하였다 (150 kg/ha). 초장, 엽장, 엽폭 그리고 경의 굵 기는 T4구가 유의적으로 작게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 경의 경 도는 돈분액비 시용 비율 낮고 화학비료 시용 비율이 높을 수록 유의적으로 증가하였다 (p<0.05). 생초수량은 T2구가 높았던 반면 T3구가 낮게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 그러나 건물 수량 및 TDN 수량은 처리구들 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이 지 않았다. 조단백질 함량은 T1구가 다른 구에 비하여 높 게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 조지방 함량은 T1, T2, T3 그리고 T4 처리구들 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었지만, C구와는 유의적인 차이를 보였다 (p<0.05). NDF와 조섬유 함량은 각각 T3구와 C구에서 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 그러나 ADF 함량은 처리구들 사이에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총무기물 함량은 T1 > T2 > T4 > T3 > C 구 순으로 높게 나 타났다 (p<0.05). 유리당 함량은 T1과 C구가 다른 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 돈분액비 시용은 화학비료에 비하여 수량성, 영양성분에 크게 떨어지지 않기 때문에 사일지용 수수 × 수수 교잡종 재배시 돈분액비와 화학비료를 혼용 시용 하 거나 돈분액비 만 시용하여도 큰 무리가 없는 것으로 판단된다.

악취저감과 분뇨의 액비화 및 돈사 환경개선을 위한 액비순환시스템을 적용한 양돈장의 악취저감 효과를 평가하기 위하여 액비순환시스템 적용 양돈장과 일반 양돈장에서 슬러리와 액비의 성상과 공기 중 및 액상시료 중 악취물질 농도를 조사하여 비교하였다. 일반농장에 비하여 액비순환시스템 적용 농장의 슬러리 성상이 현저하게 발효가 진행되고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 순환적용 농장 간에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 돈사내부와 배출구 및 부지경계선에서의 직접관능법에 의한 악취강도 평가에서는 액비순환시스템 적용으로 분명한 악취저감 효과가 인정되었으며, 돈사내부 환경개선 효과 또한 분명하게 나타났다. 돈사내부와 배출구 및 부지경계선에서의 공기 중 암모니아와 황화수소 농도는 액비순환시스템 적용으로 50% 이상의 저감 효과가 나타났으며, 메틸머캅탄과 트리메틸아민 역시 비교적 낮은 수준으로 조사되었다. 순환단계별 액상시료 중 악취물질 차이는 분명하게 나타나지 않았다.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the mixed application of chemical fertilizer (CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) on the agronomic characteristics, dry matter yield, amino acids, minerals, and free sugars in cultivating Sorghum × Sudangrass hybrid (SSH) on paddy soil. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design with three replications and consisted of CF 100% (C), CF 70% + LSM 30% (T1), CF 50% + LSM 50% (T2), CF 30% + LSM 70% (T3), and LSM 100% treatment (T4). The application of LSM was based solely on the nitrogen. Plant length, leaf length, leaf width and number of leaf were significantly higher in T4 (p<0.05), but stem diameter did not show significant differences among treatments. Stem hardness increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased, but sugar degree decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased. Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were the highest in T4, whereas the lowest in T2 (p<0.05). Crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were the highest in C, T4 and T2, respectively (p<0.05). However, NDF and ADF did not show significant difference among treatments. Crude fiber decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. The total mineral content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. Total amino acid content was higher in the order of T1> C> T3> T4> T2 (p<0.05). Free sugar content increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. The analysis of all the above results suggests that the application of liquid swine manure is very effective, considering the yield performance and the content of sugar degree and free sugar. In addition, liquid swine manure may be possible to grow Sorghum × Sudangrass hybrid without chemical fertilizer.

This study was performed out to investigate the influence of the mixed application of chemical fertilizer (CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) on the growth characteristics, dry matter yield, amino acids, minerals, and free sugars in cultivating silage corn on paddy soils. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design of 3 repetitions with CF 100% treatment (C), CF 70% + LSM 30% treatment (T1), CF 50% + LSM 50% treatment (T2), CF 30% + LSM 70% treatment (T3), and LSM 100% treatment (T4). At this time, the application of LSM was based solely on the nitrogen. Ear length, ear circle, stem diameter, and stem hardness of the silage corn did not show significant differences between treatments. Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were highest in T3, whereas the lowest in C treatment (p<0.05). Crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash content were significantly higher in T1, C, and T4 treatment, respectively (p<0.05). However, NDF, ADF and crude fiber content did not show significant difference between treatments. The total mineral content decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. Total composition amino acid content was higher in the order of T1 > T2 > C > T4 > T3 treatment (p<0.05). Free sugar content was higher in the order of T1 > T3 > T4 > T2 > C treatment (p<0.05). Based on the above results, suggests that the mixed application of chemical fertilizer 30 50% and LSM 50~70% (T2 and T3) is the most effective, considering the yield performance and the content of sugar degree and free sugar affecting silage.

A rapid, simple and reliable LC-MS/MS method, which can be used on a routine basis, was developed for the simultaneous detection of 8 penicillin antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin-G, penicillin-V, oxacillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin and dicloxacillin) in swine muscle and kidney. The antibiotics were extracted from samples with water and methanol. The extract was centrifuged, filtered and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS), using a C18 reversed phase column with water/acetonitrile gradient containing 0.05 % formic acid. Mass spectral acquisition was achieved in an electrospray positive ion mode by applying multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of 2 fragment ion transitions to provide a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The ion rations were consistent and could be used for confirmation of identity of the penicillin antibiotics. Recoveries of eight penicillins at three fortification levels (10, 20 and 40㎍/㎏) ranged from 79.8 to 102.4% and 72.8 to 103.4% in swine muscle and kidney, respectively. The coefficient of variation was than 9% in all samples. The estimated limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 1.0 to 3.2㎍/㎏ in swine muscle and kidney, respectively. The LOQs of this method are below the MRLs of penicillin antibiotics in animal tissues established in Korea and other countries.

돈분액비의 DM 농도와 분시 차이가 동계사료작물의 생산성 및 토양특성에 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위해 2005년 11월부터 2006년 6월까지 제주특별자치도 축산진흥원 사료작물 포장에서 동계사료작물 호밀을 이용하여 수행되었다. 시험은 주구 2처리(고농도 DM 7.0%, 저농도 DM 1.6% 돈분액비), 세구 2처리(기비 100%, 기비 50%와 추비 50% 시용)를 각 각 4반복 분할구법으로 설계하였다. 고농도 돈분액비 시용이 저농도 액비 보다 호밀의 초

본 연구는 제주도내에서 생산되고 있는 돈분 액비의 건물수준을 달리하여 동계작물에 시용 했을시 사초의 생산성과 사료가치 및 토양특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하려고 수행되었다. 처리는 이탈리안 라이그라스, 호밀 및 귀리에 무비구(TO), 화학비료구(T1) 그리고 2개 건물수준을 가진 돈분 액비구(DM 2.7 %=T2, DM 5.9%=T3)를 분할구배치법으로 하였다. 5.9%의 건물이 함유된 돈분 액비의 시용은 다른 처리에 비하여 세 작물 모두에서 가장 높은 건

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of swine liquid manure(SLM) and phosphorus fertilizer from September, 1998 to July, 1999 on the soil fertility on Italian ryegrass field, Cheju volcanic ash soil. pH(lst investigated), Mg (2nd investigate

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of implementing a Liquid Manure Circulation System (LMCS) on the environmental improvement of swine farms. Bacterial counts at different circulation phases of the LMCS were measured. Air in the swine facility and the liquid manure in each step of LMCS were sampled and gaseous composition detected in swine farms both with and without LMCS to compare the environmental conditions in either case. There were no differences in the total bacteria count at any circulation phase in the LMCS. Escherichia coli were detected at a very low abundance only at the outlet of the slurry pit (1.5×102CFU/㎖). Salmonella were not detected at any phase. The LMCS clearly affected the odor strength of the swine farm and improved the air quality in the swine facility. On-site odor strength - inside, at the exhaust, and at the border of the swine facility - were clearly lowered in farms applying LMCS. Furthermore, the levels of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide were improved in swine facilities applying LMCS.

The application of animal manure on farm fields is one of the most economical ways. However, the continuous application of manure in paddy fields might change soil properties influencing the growth of rice plant. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the changes in selected chemical and biological properties of soils and rice production as affected by the applications of two different fertilizer sources, which were the consecutive applications of liquid swine manure (LSM) and chemical fertilizer (CF), during the three experimental years, from 2012 to 2014. Application amount of LSM was based on 100% of nitrogen fertilizer recommendation rate for rice cultivation estimated by soil testing. Plant height and tiller number in rice at the first year of liquid swine manure manure plot were lower than those of chemical fertilizer plot. Height and tillers of rice in liquid swine manure plot were higher than those of rice in chemical fertilizer plot after consecutive application for 3 years. Rice yield In the first year of application was decreased by 7% than that of chemical fertilizer, but the yield of rice in the third year of application in LM 100% plot was increased by 8% compared to the chemical fertilizer. Toyo-taste value of milled rice in LM 100% was decreased by increasing of protein contents and decreasing rate of perfect grain. The K and Zn contents in the soil were increased in the plots of consecutive LSM application. The results implied that the liquid manure may neither decrease the yield of rice and nor increase soil properties except K and Zn in the soil, and decrease rice quality.

돈분뇨 발효액을 이용하여 녹색꽃양배추, 양미나리 관비재배 효과를 검정하고 이때의 적정 액비농도를 구명하고자 돈분뇨 발효액을 5, 10, 25 그리고 50배 희석(Ef. 5, Ef. 10, Ef. 25, Ef. 50)하여 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 작물 재배 후 토양분석결과 두 작물 공히 산도 및 칼륨은 액비농도가 진한 Ef. 5 처리구에서 낮았으나, Ef. 25, Ef. 50 처리구에서는 높았다. 반면 전기 전도도, 인산, 유기물함량, 그리고 질산태 질소는 액비농도가 낮은 Ef. 50 처리구에서 낮았으며, Ef. 5 처리구에서는 높아지는 경향이었다. 식물체 분석은 두작물 공히 총 질소는 액비농도가 진해짐에 따라 식물체내의 농도가 증가되었다. 유효 인산은 처리구에 관계없이 큰 차이가 없었다. 생육과 수량을 살펴보면 녹색꽃양배추의 경우 엽장, 엽폭 및 초장은 Ef. 50에서 생육이 가장 좋았다. 화뢰고와 화뢰폭은 액비농도가 낮은 Ef. 25와 Ef. 50 처리구에서 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 화뢰중 또한 무거웠다. 양미나리 는 엽장에서 Ef. 25와 Ef. 50 처리구에서 컸으며 ,수량은 관행대비 Ef. 25와 Ef. 50 처리구에서 각각 2배 증수되었으나, 고농도 처리인 Ef. 5에서 큰 폭으로 감소되었다. 이상의 결과 녹색꽃양배추 및 양미나리의 관비재배시 발효돈분뇨의 희석농도는 25∼50배가 적정한 것으로 나타났다.