본 연구에서는 경남지역 시군별 농림어업의 성장 추이에 대한 분석을 두 가지 측면에서 접근하였다. 첫째, 경남지역의 18개 시군을 과거 20년 동안의 농림어업생산액 성장률과 현재의 수준을 기준으로 비교하여 지역 유형화를 시도하였다. 이는 각 시군을 농림어업의 성장에 관한 정태적 및 동태적 관점에서 유형화함으로써, 각 시군이 상대적으로 어떠한 위치에 있는가를 객관적으로 파악할 수 있게 해줄 것이다. 둘째, 변이-할당분석을 통해 각 시군의 과거 20년 동안의 농림어업 성장을 3개의 요인으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 이를 통해 각 시군의 농림어업 성장이 어떤 요인에 의해 결정되었는가를 파악함으로써, 향후 농림어업 성장을 더욱 활성화하기 위한 전략 설정과 정책 수립에 시사점을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다.

Using three influential physical translations from the mid-19th century as the main materials, 54 groups of 81 physical translations were obtained. These translations are all free translation terms, mainly disyllabic and polysyllabic; there are 19 translations that use traditional terms, 6 translations that use physical terms selected or created during the Ming and Qing dynasty, and 56 newly created terms. Out of 81 translations, 22 were used in the later edition of “Physical Vocabulary” and 39 were used in “Physical Terms”. In addition, 33 newly created terms appeared in “Vocabulary”; there are 21 newly coined terms in “Terms”, and their meanings are more scientific, concise, accurate, and systematic. The features of physical translations in the late Qing Dynasty are distinct, including the frequent occurrence of multiple translations with one meaning, significant differences in term usage, loose structure of some translations, strong systematic nature, and a high proportion of newly created terms.

인도네시아어의 호칭어를 한국어로 번역하는 과정에서 나타나는 패턴 을 분석하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 호칭어와 번역 사이의 상관관계 는 언어와 문화의 차이를 반영하는 중요한 측면이다. 번역 과정에서 원 어의 뉘앙스와 감정을 효과적으로 전달하기 위해서는 적절한 대상 언어 의 등가어를 선택하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 연구는 수한드라(Suhandra 2014)의 호칭어 분류를 사용하여 인도네시아어 호칭어와 한국어 번역을 분석했다. 이를 통해 인도네시아어에서 한국어로 호칭어를 번역할 때 나 타나는 독특한 패턴과 문제를 파악하고, 이러한 발견을 바탕으로 효과적 인 번역 전략을 제안하였다. 또한 본 연구는 언어학, 번역학, 그리고 문 화 간 커뮤니케이션 분야의 향후 연구에 기여할 수 있는 실질적인 데이 터와 통찰력을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

The domestic artificially sweetened beverage market has grown rapidly in recent years, and sodas have led this growth. This study investigated consumer food purchasing behavior of artificially sweetened sodas in terms of the food health stereotypes of “vice” and “virtue”; used to denote unhealthy and healthy food purchases, respectively. The study was conducted using consumer panel data collected by the Rural Development Administration from 2017 to 2020. Given the semi-continuous nature of artificially sweetened soda purchases, Cragg’s two-part model was used for the analysis. The probability of purchasing artificially sweetened sodas increased as expenditure on snacks (a vice food category) increased. However, of those panelists who purchased artificially sweetened sodas, expenditure on artificially sweetened sodas decreased with expenditure on snacks and increased with expenditure on fruits (a virtue food category). These results suggest that vicious-lifestyle consumers choose artificially sweetened sodas when they regulate eating habits, whereas virtuous-lifestyle consumers increase artificially sweetened soda expenditure for hedonic consumption to reduce guilt based on a sensible trade-off effect.

Korean historical literatures offer numerous records on astronomical phenomena such as eclipses, comets, and close approaches, etc. Records of close approaches often use specific terms to describe the angular distance, which lack translation into modern numerical values. We study the usage of the five commonly used terms, namely, Entry (入, En), Invasion (犯, In), Occultation (掩, Oc), Eclipse (食, Ec), as well as the unit Chi (尺). Our analysis is based on more than 2,300 records from Goryeo (918–1392 CE) and Joseon (1392–1910 CE) Dynasties. Through statistical analysis, we determine their quantitative definitions. We convert the lunisolar calendar to the Julian and Gregorian date and utilize the modern ephemeris DE431 to calculate the angular distance between celestial bodies. We find that the angular distances of the terms En, In, Oc, and Ec correspond to respectively 1.78◦+2.36 −1.11, 0.89◦+3.54 −0.51, 0.44◦+1.15 −0.31, and 0.29◦+2.61 −0.16 for the Goryeo Dynasty and 1.36◦+1.15 −0.64, 0.51◦+1.11 −0.32, 0.25◦+0.27 −0.17, and 0.21◦+0.25 −0.11 for the Joseon Dynasty. Additionally, we determine the angular size of the unit Chi by using the records from Korean chronicles along with the drawings of comets’ tails in the Daily Log (天變謄錄). We estimate the unit Chi to be 1.11◦+0.46 −0.40 and find that the numerical definition was consistent throughout the two dynasties in Korea. Furthermore, we find that the terms were used to describe the closest approach and that there is no observational bias in the angular distances against the apparent magnitudes of the objects. We show that the terms En, In, Oc, and Ec represent decreasing angular distance in that order and this ordering was consistent in both dynasties.

According to the research, all the translations of Mathematical terms in the Chinese translation of the Ji He Yuan Ben in Ming and Qing Dynasty adopt Liberal translation. Some translation of mathematical terms exists the problem of multiple translations of a word, Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi’s collaborated on the translation of the mathematical terms most in use today. In the purely Liberal translation of the words translated by Matteo Ricci in collaboration with Xu Guangqi, borrowed and transplanted words are the most used today. In Literal translation words, two-syllable Literal translation words are the most used today. This was due to the impact of the principle of naturalization, influence of traditional systems theory thinking and the restriction of Chinese disyllabic law. The Mathematical terms translated by Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi had a significant impact on the choice and creation of mathematical translations for later generations: establishes a predominantly Liberal translation of mathematical terms, pay attention to the combination of traditional Chinese knowledge, according to the need to create three syllables and more than three syllable translation words and lay emphasis on the systematic translation of words, etc.

After the major radioactivation structures (RPV, Core, SG, etc.) due to neutron irradiation from the nuclear fuel in the reactor are permanently shut down, numerous nuclides that emit alpha-rays, beta-rays, gamma-rays, etc. exist within the radioactive structures. In this study, nuclides were selected to evaluate the source term for worker exposure management (external exposure) at the time of decommissioning. The selection of nuclides was derived by sequentially considering the four steps. In the first stage, the classification of isotopes of major nuclides generated from the radiation of fission products, neutron-radiated products, coolant-induced corrosion products, and other impurities was considered as a step to select evaluation nuclides in major primary system structures. As a second step, in order to select the major radionuclides to be considered at the time of decommissioning, it is necessary to select the nuclides considering their half-life. Considering this, nuclides that were less than 5 years after permanent suspension were excluded. As a third step, since the purpose of reducing worker exposure during decommissioning is significant, nuclides that emit gamma rays when decaying were selected. As a final step, it is a material made by radiation from the fuel rod of the reactor and is often a fission product found in the event of a Severe accident at a nuclear power plant, and is excluded from the nuclide for evaluation at the time of decommissioning is excluded. The final selected Co-60 is a nuclide that emits high-energy gamma rays and was classified as a major nuclide that affects the reduction of radiation exposure to decommissioning workers. In the future, based on the nuclide selection results derived from this study, we plan to study the evaluation of worker radiation exposure from crud to decommissioning workers by deriving evaluation results of crud and radioactive source terms within the reactor core.

KORAD (Korea Radioactive Waste Agency, http://www.korad.or.kr) has stored slightly contaminated ascon (asphalt coated concrete mixture) that was introduced to Gyeongju repository about a decade ago waiting for a final disposal. It is believed to be mainly contaminated by radioisotope 137Cs due to impurities introduced from the outside during the ascon manufacturing process. We studied characteristics of the radioactive waste to see whether this material would be proper enough to be disposed in Gyeongju LILW repository or be other ways to reduce the disposal volume including self-disposal before its final disposal otherwise. KORAD looked into the properness of characteristics of ascon in terms of WAC (Waste Acceptance Criteria) documented by KORAD that includes general chemical and physical properties of asphalt, density, size of grains, content of organic material and possibility of existence of chelate materials that qualitatively limited to be disposed by the criteria. And other associated characteristics such as gas generation and bio degradation were also investigated. Based on the data obtained from the study, we proposed various plausible solutions in associated with operational and disposal safety and economic view points. This study will be used for KORAD’s decision on how to control and safely dispose the spent ascon within a reasonable time period. And also those experiences may be applied for other LILW issues that require treatment or conditioning of radioactive wastes in the future.

Zhuan Li Wan Xiang Ming Yi’s “Gujinzi” is a typical sample outside the region, and it stores a wealth of thematic corpus. This paper sorts out more than 300 groups of “Gujinzi”, and through the analysis and summary of the style of these materials, it is found that there are not only typical terms marked by the words “Gu” and “Jin”, but also terms such as “Tongshang.” “Shangwen” and “Mouzi” mixed with the typical terms. The collection and identification of its expression style is the premise for further research on the materials of “Gujinzi”, and as an exotic sample of the development of “Gujinzi”, the comparative research on Chinese “Gujinzi” can provide some circumstantial evidence for solving the long-debated problems in the academic history of “Gujinzi”; As an exotic eye, it also provides us with a new perspective to understand the connotation of the traditional term “Gujinzi” and the relationship between words.

Mesophase pitch is a unique graphitizable material that has been used as an important precursor for highly graphitic carbon materials. In the current study, we propose to consider a spinnable mesophase pitch as a lyotropic liquid crystalline solution composed of solvent components and liquid crystalline components, so-called mesogen or mesogenic components. Among mesophase pitches, the supermesophase pitch is defined as a mesohpase pitch with 100% anisotropy, and can only be observed in pitches with a proportion of mesogenic components exceeding the threshold concentration (TC). We also examined the critical limit of AR synthetic pitch and 5 experimental spinnable mesophase pitches (SMPs). Then, we examined the effect of the solvent component on the minimum required amount of mesogenic component using a selected solvent component instead of their own solvent components. AR pitch showed 100% anisotropy with the least amount of its mesogenic component, THF insoluble components, of 60 wt.%. The solvent component, THF soluble components, extracted from AR-pitch, which has a molecular weight pattern similar to that of the original material but more amount of naphthenic alkyl chains, showed better solvent functionality than those of other THF solubles (THFSs) from other as-prepared spinnable mesophase pitches. This is why a lower amount of AR THFS can produce a supermesophase pitch when combined with the THFI (mesogenic components) of other experimental mesophase pitches. As a result of the current analysis, we define the mesogens as molecules that not only readily stack, but also maintain stacking structures in a fused state in the solution. The solvent component, on the other hand, is defined as molecules with a structure that readily decomposes in a fused state in the solution.

A disposal of radioactive wastes is one of the critical issues in our society. Considering upcoming plans for dismantling of nuclear power plants, this problem is inevitable and should be discussed very carefully. There are variety of methods to handle with radioactive wastes, including Incineration, conventional gasification and plasma gasification. Among them, plasma gasification process is in the limelight due to its eco-friendly & stable operation, and large volume reduction effects. However, a fatal disadvantage is that it consumes more electric power than other methods, this leaves us a question of whether this process is indeed economical. Within the scope of this paper, I would like to introduce 4 cases which plasma facilities were evaluated economically in worldwide, and reach the conclusion on the economic feasibility of plasma process.

Translators of chemical translations in the late Qing Dynasty translated element terms in several ways: connected with Chinese natural object nouns and recorded new meanings with the same characters of the nouns, created translated names, used common words, borrowed from inherent Chinese characters, and created new character. Translators use or create characters according to different motivations, and the selected characters may accord with the components of the characters coincidentally, resulting in one character with multiple translations. As different translators translated the foreign names of the same element, different motivations for selecting/creating characters, or the same motivations with different components of the characters, resulting in different characters with the same usage. Because of the influence of the words used in the translation of Hua Xue Jian Yuan and the requirements for the systematic use of words, most of the words used for liberal translation that are related to the natural nouns have been retained, and the other words have been almost eliminated. The reasons for the elimination include: the selection of inherent Chinese characters leads to an imbalance in the Chinese character system, the inconvenience of the recognition/use of borrowed and created characters, the phenomenon of one character with multiple translations and different characters with the same usage, etc.

This article focuses on the Namdaemum repair and the Seokguram restoration, which had begun in 1961, as an important repair conducted during the time of seeking the conservation principle of architectural heritage after liberation in Korea. Through the analysis of the principles described in the repair report issued after the two repairs, meeting records, and related expert announcements, it is shown that the principle of 'preservation of the historic state' had been established at Namdaemun repair and later have changed to the principle of 'restoration of the historic form' which means reconstruction in Seokguram restoration. By analyzing the minutes of the Cultural Heritage Committee's meeting on the repair of other cultural properties during this period, it is revealed that the key terms related to the preservation principle, 'historic form' and 'restoration', were given meaning as 'object' and 'method' of preservation, and then 'restoration of the historic form' has been gradually used as a conservation principle.

In this study, text mining was conducted on the product names of skirts, pants, shirts/ blouses, and dresses to analyze the characteristics of keywords appearing in online shopping product names. As a result of frequency analysis, the number of keywords that appeared 0.5% or more for each item was around 30, and the number of keywords that appeared 0.1% or more was around 150. The cumulative distribution rate of 150 terms was around 80%. Accordingly, information on 150 key terms was analyzed, from which item, clothing composition, and material information were the found to be the most important types of information (ranking in the top five of all items). In addition, fit and style information for skirts and pants and length information for skirts and dresses were also considered important information. Keywords representing clothing composition information were: banding, high waist, and split for skirts and pants; and V-neck, tie, long sleeves, and puff for shirts/blouses and dresses. It was possible to identify the current design characteristics preferred by consumers from this information. However, there were also problems with terminology that hindered the connection between sellers and consumers. The most common problems were the use of various terms with the same meaning and irregular use of Korean and English terms. However, as a result of using co-appearance frequency analysis, it can be interpreted that there is little intention for product exposure, so it is recommended to avoid it.

본 연구는 1974년부터 2003년까지 김홍도의 주일 낮 예배 설교 중 기도를 주제로 삼는 40여 편을 선별하여, 설교 구성과 내용 그리고 삼중구조의 의의를 밝혀 구령 활동과의 연관성을 통하여 선교적 의미를 발견하게 된다. 설교 구성은 신구약 성경 구절을 균형 있게 자주 인용하 였으며, 성경과 교회의 역사에 있었던 기도 인물들 이야기와 기도에 관한 격언들을 적절히 활용함을 보여준다. 설교 주제는 기도의 동기와 원리를 먼저 선포하고, 기도 방법과 결과를 다루고 있다. 이처럼 기도의 동기, 방법, 결과에 대하여 삼중구조로 기도의 실천을 종합한다. 첫째, 개인의 영역에 제한되지 않고, 그 대상이 전방위적으로 통전적 모습을 보여주고 있다. 둘째, 교회 역사 속 기도의 인물들과 격언을 인용하여 교인들에게 기도의 실천적인 부분을 강조하게 된다. 셋째, 쉽고 반복되 는 설교 내용은 교인들에게 삶 속에서도 나눌 수 있도록 선교적 기도 영성을 적극적으로 활용하였다. 이러한 삼중구조와 각 내용의 균형은 영혼 구원이라는 목적을 이루기 위하여 통전적, 실천적, 선교적이다.