This study was conducted to investigate the effect of manufacturing temperature on curcuminoid contents and the antioxidant activity of turmeric (Curcuma aromatica Salab.) powder-enhanced nurungji. Two different processes employed turmeric powder (2%): AR (added after rice cooked) and BR (added before rice cooked). AR and BR nurungji samples were prepared by heating cooked rice at 180oC, 200oC, and 220oC for 3 minutes. As a result of the HPLC analysis, the contents of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin decreased as the heating temperature increased. Moreover, AR samples showed higher curcuminoids than BR samples. The total polyphenol contents, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging ability proportionally increased with the increase of the manufacturing temperature. On the other hand, flavonoid contents were decreased with increasing temperature. These results suggest that the preparation of turmeric powder-enhanced nurungji by AR process at 200oC is preferable to preserving curcuminoid contents and antioxidative activity.

The contents of total flavonoids, total antioxidant status and superoxide scavenger activity of edible plants were measured. Among twenty one samples of leafy vegetables and teas, mugwort (Artemesia capillaris) and green teas gave high total flavonoids contents, 48.2 mg/g sample and 44.7 mg/g sample, respectively. The highest concentration of total flavonoids among eighty nine samples analyzed was 52.1 mg/g sample from propolis. When samples were tested for total antioxidant status, a kind of groundsel showed the highest Total Antioxidant Status(TAS) value, 13.4 mM among leafy vegetables and teas and green tea gave high TAS value, 11.84 mM. On the other hand, purslane gave the lowest TAS value, 0.01 mM. The superoxide scavenge activity was measured from the extracts of all edible plants. The superoxide scavenge activity of polygonatum(81.1%) and chrysantemum (78.5%) were the highest among leafy vegetables, teas and medicinalplants. On the other hand, ginseng, poria, cassiae semen and dioscoreae rhizoma showed no superoxide scavenge activities.

Background : The licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) is one of the Mongolian traditional useful medicinal plants. The roots and rhizomes are rich in triterpenoids, flavonoids and glycosides. It is have been employed clinically for their antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antimicrobial and anxiolytic activities. In this study, we was undertaken to explore the phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content of G.uralensis. Methods and Results : In vitro culture related greenhouse, field growing G. uralensis and the wild type roots were dried in shade and grind in mechanical grinder. 1 g of powdered roots were extracted in 25 ㎖ of methanol with concentration of 40 ㎎/㎖. The antioxidant activity and total flavonoid contents were investigated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryldydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay and aluminium trichloride method, respectively. The production of glycyrrhizic acid determined by thin layer chromatography. In the phytochemical screening showed presence of secondary metabolites flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids and tannin. The extract possessed potent antioxidant activity having IC50 value 2,000 ㎍/㎖ (59.97 ± 2.55) in wild type and 1,000 ㎍/㎖ (68.73 ± 3.99) in greenhouse samples. Field grown G.uralensis roots extract gave highest total flavonoid content with 30.21% compared with wild type and greenhouse grown samples (16.71% and 10.71%). Conclusion : Based on the results of investigations, G. uralensis is a potent source of novel bioactive compounds. Further investigations regarding more biological activities by high sensitive techniques such as HPLC and GC-MS need to be conducted.

Background : Miscanthus sinensis is a C4 crop with high photosynthetic efficiency and is known as a representative cellulose-based bio-energy crop originating in East Asia such as Korea, Japan, and China. It also has a high resistance to environmental conditions such as low temperature and drying and pests. However, many studies on the antioxidant activity of the M. sinensis have not been conducted. Therefore, this study was conducted to measure total phenol and total flavonoid contents of the M. sinensis accessions collected from some countries and to select the M. sinensis accessions with rich total phenol and total flavonoid contents. The results of this study can be used as basic data for future breeding. Methods and Results : This study carried out the total phenol and total flavonoid contents analysis of M. sinensis collected from different country to preserve genetic resources. Total 205 accessions of M. sinensis were collected from the USA, China, Korea, Japan, Thailand and Zambia. Their leaves were extracted with 100% methanol and concentrated at 45℃. To determine total phenol and total flavonoid contents, we measured the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. The highest total phenolic conten t(81.04 ± 0.02 ㎎·GAE/g) showed in the accession (PMS-178) from China. The highest total flavonoid content (32.66 ± 0.01 ㎎·QE/g) showed in the accession (KMS104) from Korea. On the other hand the lowest total phenolic content (1.11 ± 0.00 ㎎·GAE/g) and the total flavonoid content (0.81 ± 0.00 ㎎·QE/g) were obtained from the accession (M. sinensis ‘Super Stripe’) from USA. Conclusion : In this study, we analysed the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents by country of origin.

This study attempted to investigate the antioxidant properties of four different species of sand dune plants (Calystegia soldanella, Messerschmidia sibirica, Vitex rotundifolia and Rosa rugosa). In order to validate the antioxidant activity of these plants, we first determined the total amount of flavonoid versus phenolic contents (TFC/TPC) and extracted crude flavonoids for measuring antioxidant activities that were determined by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays with radical scavenging effects. We found that highest amounts of TPC were detected in R. rugose with values of 110.20 ㎎/g (leaves) and 65.71 ㎎/g (stems), while the highest amounts of TFC in V. rotundifolia with values of 38.07 ㎎/g (leaves) and 6.55 ㎎/g (stems). We further examined how closely related the amounts of TFC/TPC in antioxidant activities and found that R. rugose has the highest activities of radical scavenging with values of 63.4 ㎍/㎖ and 51.2 ㎍/㎖ determined by DPPH and ABTS assays compared with the value of 21.2 ㎍/㎖ by FRAP assay. It is of note that there is a statistically significant correlation between the resulting antioxidant activities and the total ratio of TFC and TPC, suggesting that the different amounts of TFC/TPC may directly contribute to the various antioxidant activities.

Background : This study analyzes changes in DPPH radical scavenging activity, total polyphenol contents, and total flavonoid contents of six different kinds of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) leaves which are identified as herbaceous plants, and are living in the subtropics. The data of changes in polyphenol, flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities were analyzed, based on two different lengths of growth period.. Methods and Results : The six different kinds of cultivars ; Jangdae in Korea, and El-1, R, G-1, Ef-1, Ef-2 in the State of Israel were collected on the 43th and 62nd day from when they have planted. The collected cultivars were dried at 70℃, and 80% of methanol concentration was applied to each ground specimen. Extraction was made by immersion and filtering process at room temperature. Samples were classified into two groups, one for cultivars that were collected on the 43th day, and the other for the collection of the 62nd day. We measured the rate of DPPH radical scavenging activity, total polyphenol contents, and total flavonoid contents for every Samples. For the group of the 43th day collection, Jangdae showed the highest rate of radical scavenging activity as well as the highest polyphenol contents, and El-1had the highest flavonoid contents. For the group ofthe 62nd day collection, R demonstrated not only the highest contents of polyphenol and flavonoid, but alsothe highest rate of antioxidant activity. When we compared each cultivar from another regardless its date of collection, R resulted biggest increase in all of functional components. Conclusion : Based on the test results, useful components and antioxidant activity of kenaf leaves increase in proportion to longer growing period. Particularly, the study indicates that R can be utilized as a cosmetic ingredient crop, as the rate of increase in polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest among the six cultivars.

The purpose of this study was to measure the bioactivity and antioxidant activity of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger. Orostachys japonicus A. Berger have been known to contain functional materials such as kaempferol, hydroquinone, methyl gallate, quercetin, gallic acid etc. To identify the main functional materials of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger, the contents of flavonoid and phenol were measured. We extracted Orostachys japonicus A. Berger powder from four solvents such as chloroform:methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v), distilled water (DW), 70% methanol, 70% ethanol. After that, this study determined tannin, total phenol, flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and reducing power of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger extracts and as results of comparing each extract. respectively. From the above results shows that antioxidant activity and bioactivity of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger extracts was higher in the order of 70% ethanol, 70% methanol, DW and CM (p<0.05). The results showed that antioxidant activity of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger extracts supposed to affect by the total phenol and flavonoid contents.

Flavonoids and total polyphenols are important secondary plant metabolites, as they play a role in reducing the oxidative stress caused by ROS In this study, we investigated for flavonoid contents, total polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activities in 27 accessions from 10 Vicia species. Among 27 vicia accessions, NAC17 (V. monantha) and NAC14 (V. hyrcanica) had the highest total flavonoid (1.42 ± 0.09 mg/g) and total polyphenol (124.2 ± 0.5 μg/GAE mg) contents, respectively. In four flavonoids, naringenin showed the highest concentrations in Vicia species. The DPPH and ABTS were the range from 0.2 (NAC24, V. sativa subsp. nigra) to 18.5 (NAC13, V. faba) μg/ASC mg and 19.1 (NAC7, V. cracca) to 253.4 (NAC13, V. faba) μg/Trolox mg, respectively. Among the 10 Vicia species, V. monantha and V. hyrcanica had the highest flavonoid (1.31 ± 0.09 mg/g) and total polyphenol (116.5 ± 2.0 μg/GAE mg) contents, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was detected in V. faba. These results will expand the flavonoid database and provide information on Vicia species valuable for development of functional foods or feed-additives resources.

This study purposed to look for its uses by analyzing useful substances in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabin us L.) leaves based on the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the leaves, DPPH radical scavenging activity of leaf extract, SOD activity, etc. by different growth stage and variety. According to the results of experiment, the total polyphenol content was highest in Everglade-41 (27.9 mg/g dw.), the total flavonoid content was highest in Tainung-2 (42.3 mg/g dw.), and SOD activity was highest in Dowling (96.1 %). However, DPPH radical scavenging activity was similar among the three varieties.