Shipping universally accounts for 80% of global trade and 70% in price terms. While in Vietnam, not only the maritime transport market share, especially with international goods, has decreased significantly but also the maritime transport volume of national fleet tends to decrease. Therefore, the solutions of increasing the transport volume along with regaining the transport market share are a major concern for Vietnam's shipping development plan. With the purpose of finding these important solutions, this research aims at investigating the factors affecting the national fleet’s transport volume by ARDL model based on Vietnamese fleet’s transport volume quarterly data from 2008 to 2022. The results demonstrate that the deadweight tonnage of the fleet and GDP are the two fundamental factors which have positive influences on transport volume of Vietnamese shipping fleet in both the short run and the long run. Then, the paper proposes solutions how these two variables, especially the tonnage of the fleet increase the maritime transport market share as well. The findings provide clear directions to the policy makers and the shipping company in proposing relevant solutions for shipping development plan.

The Government of Vietnam recently issued a Strategy for Intellectual Property 2030 and amended the Law on Intellectual Property in 2022 for the economic development of Vietnam through stimulating innovation and creativity. Many solutions are recommended to foster the integration of research and development, and intellectual property such as recycling, water cleaning, treatment of poisonous exhausted air, energy saving, green technology for conserving ecosystems. To have more inventions and patents, Vietnam needs to protect its intellectual property rights (IPRs) involving all its various sectors and entities more. However, the current status of IPRs protection in Vietnam shows limitations in this field due to lack of appropriate legal rules on civil and criminal sanctions. This article will give an overview of IPRs protection in Vietnam and then analyze some current provisions relating to civil and criminal sanctions for IPRs infringement based on the experiences of some foreign countries. It will also recommend some solutions for overcoming these challenges.

이 글에서는 베트남전쟁 60주년을 맞아 그동안 조명받지 못했던 한미 해병대의 연합작전인 배리어상륙작전을 분석하였다. 배리어상륙작전은 선견부대 미운용, 상륙철수 시 혼잡 발생, 게릴라전에 매몰된 연합군이 작전 시 상륙작전의 효용성을 제대로 활용하지 못한 점 등의 미흡한 점 이 식별되었다. 그러나 한국 해병대 청룡부대 주도로 전개되었던 배리어 상륙작전이 갖는 전략적 의의와 가치는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 호이안지역 평정작전을 통해 베트남 1번 국도를 완전히 통제할 수 있는 여건을 마련 하였다. 둘째, 한국군 주도로 상륙작전 계획을 수립하고 성공적으로 작전 을 수행함으로써 한국 해병대의 존재 가치를 입증하고 연합 상륙작전 수 행에 대한 자신감을 함양할 기회가 되었다. 셋째, 배리어상륙작전을 통하 여 한미 해병대 간 군사적 유대 관계를 더욱 공고히 하였다. 넷째, 전시 지역 평정작전과 안정화 작전 수행 시 상륙작전이 유용함을 입증하였다. 배리어상륙작전은 6·25전쟁 이후 최초로 한국 해병대 주도로 실시된 연 합 상륙작전으로 상륙작전의 효용성과 융통성 그리고 충격력을 충분히 입증해 준 작전이었다. 또한 상륙작전이 미래 전장 환경에서도 충분히 융통성 있게 활용될 수 있음을 입증하였다. 국군은 다양한 환경하에서 상륙작전을 전개하기 위한 교리개발과 교육훈련이 요구되며, 한국 주도 의 연합작전을 수행하기 위한 충분한 역량을 갖출 필요가 있다.

Vietnam is a country in Southeast Asia, long from north to south, with temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates in different parts of the country. Based on the results of two years of insect surveys in the subtropical and tropical regions of Vietnam, we conducted a comparative analysis of the species diversity of the Noctuoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in the two survey areas, Bach Ma National Park and Protected Forest in the Vạn Xuân region. In addition, the host flora of the identified moths were analysed to determine the differences in host communities.

The new biography of Jin Yunqiao published in the 19th year of Si De of Vietnam (1866) is the earliest version of “The New Jin Yun Qiao Biography” discovered at present. The text of “The New Jin Yun Qiao Biography” is divided into two columns, the upper column is a six-character poem, and the lower column is an eight-character poem, with a total of 2390 sentences and 16724 muttering words. The relationship between Nom characters in the book and Vietnamese recorded is complex. Through investigation, there are three situations: one word with many words, one word with many words and one word with one word. There are many words in a word, which can be subdivided into homophones, near sounds and different meanings, and near sounds and near meanings according to the sound and meaning relationship between words. According to the relationship between characters and their use functions, the word multi-character can be subdivided into “native use-native use”, “native use-borrowing” and “borrowing use-borrowing”. Word by word, according to the different use attributes, can be divided into two categories: “original use” and “borrowing”. The reason for the complex relationship between words and characters is related to the low standardization of Nom and Vietnamese. A Nom has many written variants, and a Vietnamese vocabulary has many phonetic expressions.

해사노동협약은 선원 인권 보호에 있어 전 세계적으로 성공적인 성과로서 국제노동기구에서 채택하였다. 특히, 이 협약의 선원근로계약 규정은 선원에게 양질의 근로와 생활 환경을 보장하기 위한 규정으로서 해사노동협약의 핵심으 로 인정되고 있다. 이러한 규정에도 불구하고 많은 회원국은 자국의 법률 시스 템에 핵심 규정을 완전히 반영하지 못하거나 실질적인 이행을 하지 못하고 있 는 상황이다. 특히 대표적인 선원 공급국이자 개발도상국인 베트남은 더욱 어 려운 실정이다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 해사노동협약의 선원근로계약에 관한 규 정을 중심으로 비교법적 연구 방법론을 통해 베트남 법제도의 차이를 분석하 고, 나아가 대표적인 해운 선진국인 대한민국의 선원법을 비교하여 베트남 법 제도의 문제점을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 통해 베트남의 해사노동협약 이행을 증진하기 위한 개선방안에 대해 논의하고자 한다.

The family Erebidae is acknowledged as a highly diverse group in Lepidoptera. The genus Ischyja Hübner, 1823 has been known from India, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, southern China, Borneo, and Sundaland, predominantly in the old world tropic region. This research presents identification of two species, which have been in Vietnam for the first time. With these new findings, the total number of Ischyja species has increased to four. We present a checklist of them, including descriptions and illustrations of the newly recorded species.

In today’s world, intellectual property (IP) rights have become a significant part of overall corporate value as well as a “driver of important market transactions.” Nevertheless, patent commercialization and claims for damages due to patent infringement are often obstructed by parties’ differing positions on the patent value. To improve Vietnam’s legal and practical environment for patent valuation, this paper constructs a comparison of the prevailing frameworks of the United States and the People’s Republic of China with that of Vietnam to make recommendations meeting the stated purpose. An analysis of relevant academic literature suggests that parties should be allowed to choose their preferred valuation technique even when having engaged valuation professionals. Also, valuation service providers should be able to demonstrate the underlying rationale for selecting a particular valuation method. Other valuation techniques, such as forward citation counting, should also be studied to provide private parties, patent valuators and relevant state agencies in Vietnam with more options when facing the need to value a patent.

This paper summarizes and assesses the international trend, both in doctrine and in legal provisions dealing with conflict of laws in intellectual property field and reviews the relevant provisions in the Part 5th on applicable law to civil relations evolving foreign elements of the Vietnam’s 2015 Civil Code. The author shows that the two new provisions of the Vietnam’s 2015 Civil Code, namely Article 679 and Article 683, has partly caught up with the international trend in recognizing conflicts of laws and providing choice-of-law rules for resolving these conflicts in the intellectual property relations. The shortcoming of the Vietnam’s 2015 Civil Code is the absence of a particular provision dealing with the conflict of laws in case of infringement of intellectual property rights. On that basis, the paper offers comments and suggestions on the need to make the provisions of the Vietnam’s Civil Code more specific in the future.

이 연구의 목적은 베트남의 정치를 정치엘리트의 구성적 특성을 통해 이해하는 것이다. 이러한 접근은 정치엘리트의 구성이 권력 내부의 정치 적 역학관계와 정책적 지향을 보여주는 지표가 될 수 있다는 인식에 기 반한 것이다. 이 연구에서 다루는 정치엘리트의 범위는 베트남공산당의 정치국원과 중앙위원이며, 시기적 대상은 제6기 당 대회가 열린 1986년 부터 제13기 당 대회가 열린 2021년까지이다. 이 연구는 베트남 정치엘 리트의 구성적 특성과 관련해서 다음과 같은 몇 가지 점을 확인할 수 있 었다. 첫째, 정치엘리트의 순환이 매우 원활하게 이루어지고 있다. 둘째, 변화하는 대내외 환경에 대응할 수 있도록 정치엘리트의 구성을 적절히 변화시켜 오고 있다. 셋째, 그럼에도 불구하고 공안, 군사 부문의 비중이 여전히 매우 높은 수준을 유지하고 있다. 이러한 정치엘리트의 구성적 특징은 베트남공산당이 정치엘리트 내부의 순환과 균형을 이루어내고, 대중으로부터 지지와 동의를 이끌어 냄으로써 정치적 안정을 유지하는 데 기여하고 있는 것으로 평가된다.

Based on the preface to the Dictionary of Vietnamese Chinese characters and the relevant documents, this paper looks at nine aspects of the origins of Chinese characters, the introduction of Chinese characters to Vietnam, the morphological and phonological meanings of Chinese characters, the development of Chinese characters, the limitations of the use of Chinese characters, erroneous Chinese characters, the question of the survival of Chinese characters, the evolution of Chinese names, and the relationship between Chinese characters and Nom characters. A comprehensive overview of the Vietnamese view of Chinese characters, comparing it with the Chinese view of Chinese characters and pointing out the similarities and differences between the two, thus summarising the transmission and variation of the Chinese view of characters in Vietnam, in an attempt to provide a new perspective for studies related to the history of the development of Vietnamese characters and the spread of Chinese characters.

Variant Hán characters (hereinafter referred to as variants) are a common phenomenon in various types of Hán-Nôm cultural materials, including Confucian documents. This article studies the variants in Confucian works through the case of the book Hồ thượng thư gia lễ/胡尚書家禮/Family rituals by Minister Hồ (printed in 1739). The author chooses this text because of the following factors: First, the content of this work, which might be described as Confucian in nature, is about Confucian rituals; Second, the text printed in 1739 is associated with clearly identified dates of production and chief commissioner, so variants found in this text have historical value; Third, this is a printed text, so its variants must have attained a degree of common usage. On that basis, the objectives of this article are: First, to provide statistics on variants, to classify their structures and to analyze some variation rules of this type of characters; Second, to provide preliminary comments (relying upon the above-mentioned data and analysis) on the flexible use of Hán characters by Vietnamese Confucian scholars in the 18th century.

The study of Chinese vulgar characters is one of the important contents in the study of modern Chinese characters, and it is also one of the important contents in the study of the dissemination of Chinese characters. Based on the 81 poems and more than 300 folk characters in the Vietnamese Chinese document “Giới Hiên Collected Poems”, this paper explores the nature of Chinese vulgar characters and related issues. The nature of Chinese vulgar characters can be characterized from the perspective of Chinese character shape, structure and function: Vulgar characters are used by the civil community, with different forms of different forms, different components of the composition of the word, often used to record and correspond to the orthography of the Chinese character. Clarifying the nature of “vulgar characters” is of great significance to its ontology research, modern Chinese research, and Chinese character dissemination research.

Chinese folk characters have appeared in Vietnam for a long time, no later than the 12th century. During the period of independence, Chinese characters were popular in Vietnam. Vietnamese literati often used common words when using Chinese to create works, especially in books such as folk sacrifice and folk novels. However, Vietnam’s research results in this area are very limited. This paper investigates the common characters in the Chinese novels of JinYunqiaoLu, and tries to summarize the structural law and writing habits of common characters of Vietnamese Chinese characters so as to make up for the shortcomings of the study of Vietnamese Chinese characters and enrich the common character library of Chinese characters. At the same time,this paper，from the perspective of Vietnamese people, makes an textual research on the words “de” so as to debate the differences between them and their predecessors.

중화회관은 각 국가에 있는 화교들이 만든 상공회의소 혹은 교민협회 같은 역할을 수행한 조직이다. 베트남은 중국과의 역사적 배경에 따라 17세기 중반 명향사라는 조직이 먼저 등장했는데, 이는 단순한 화교 커뮤니티로 출발해서 명향회관이라는 조 직화를 거쳐 중화회관을 조성하는 기반이 되었다. 두 기관은 지연(地緣)이라는 공통 점을 통해 자연스럽게 시기별로 연결되었다. 베트남 정권은 명향사를 화교를 관리하 는데 활용하였고, 이는 중화회관 시기에서도 이어졌다. 명향사의 특성은 베트남 중화 회관이 다른 국가와 다른 점은 갖게 하였다. 천후사당과 관우사당을 두고 복과 안녕 을 빌었으며, 중요한 화교 조상을 기리는 사당을 두었다. 또한 혈통별로 각기 달리 화교를 관리하여 중화회관의 효율적 관리와 회원들의 이익을 도모하였다.

To operate a dry port effectively and efficiently, strengthening the competitiveness of dry ports could be the key to bring notable improvements during operational activities and to increase the attraction of dry ports. This paper aims to discover the prioritization of the influential determinants of dry port competitiveness in the north and the south of Vietnam through an analysis based on expert judgments and customer evaluations. With a comprehensive literature review of previous studies equal to investigation results gained from several intensive interviews, many variables are adopted as potential factors that may enhance the competitiveness of dry ports in Vietnam. Through the AHP and IPA approach, this study sketches several development strategies for dry ports and provides important insights for governments by encouraging and supporting policies for the proper operation of dry ports. In the AHP analysis, cost was found to be the most important factor to improve dry port development in Vietnam, and transportation connectivity and cost are more prioritized in the north, with the remaining important determinants for dry port competitiveness receiving more attention in the south of Vietnam.

The role of container shipping is proven to be crucial for in moving goods across oceans and seas to satisfy human demand around the world. Recently, the emergence of unexpected events such as the Covid-19 pandemic or the blockage of the Suez Canal has brought a variety of challenges to global economic activities, and container shipping is no exception. Therefore, this paper aims to discover the difficulties faced by shippers when sea transport is chosen as a method to deliver their containers in the new context. The study is conducted in the north of Vietnam and involves interviewing specialists and experienced export managers to identify the possible risks associated with container shipping. Then, a survey is conducted among those in the shipping industry, including manufacturers, freight forwarders, and trading companies, among others. Answers are ranked on a Likert scale and a probability and impact matrix is applied, facilitating the evaluation of container shipping risks. As a result, this study is expected to bring a deeper understanding of the risks faced by shippers when they export their containers, with possible solutions also presented. Meanwhile, shipping service providers are aware of their customers’ experiences and for this reason can improve their service quality or develop new services to enhance customer satisfaction.

1. 열대아시아지역에 적응하는 수출용 일대잡종 벼 품종을 육성할 목적으로 2013년에 미얀마에서 수집한 도열병과 흰잎 마름병에 저항성인 ‘MY1B’를 국제미작연구소(IRRI)에서 육성 된 일대잡종 벼 웅성불임친인 ’IR68897A’에 4회 여교배하여 2016년에 불임친인 ‘KR1A’와 유지친인 ‘KR1B’를 육성하였으며 육성된 불임친 ‘KR1A’를 회복친유전자를 가진 우량계통들과 검정교배한 결과 베트남 지역 적응성이 높고 도정특성이 우수한 OM052와 교배한 조합이 우수하여 교배번호 KR0695H을 부여한 후 생산력 검정에 필요한 F1종자를 생산하였고 선발된 일대잡종 벼 계통에 대해 2년간의 지역적응시 험을 통해 우수성이 인정되어 2019년 농촌진흥청 직무육성 신 품종선정위원회에서 신품종으로 선정되면서 ‘KGHR1’으로 명명되었음 2. ‘KGHR1’의 F1 종자생산을 위해 육성된 불임친과 유지친, 회복친의 농업형질을 조사한 결과 불임친인 ‘KR1A’의 임실율이 0%인 완전불임을 보였고 불임친인 ‘KR1A’과 유지친인 ‘KR1B’을 1% potassium iodide-iodine(I-KI)에 염색해 본 결과 ‘KR1A’는 염색이 되지 않은 완전불임을 나타내어 일대잡종벼의 특성에 부합되었음 3. ‘KGHR1’는 중부평야지 보통기 재배에서 평균 출수기가 8월 13일로 대비품종 ‘다산’보다 5일 늦은 중생종이었고 간장은 103 cm로 다산의 82 cm보다 21 cm 큰 장간이고, 이삭길이는 28 cm로 ‘다산’ 보다 길고 이삭당 벼알수는 202개로 ‘다산’ 보다 69개 많았고 등숙비율은 76.3%로 대비품종 ‘다산’ 83.7% 보다 낮게 조사되었음 4. ‘KGHR1’는 도열병과 줄무늬잎마름병에 저항성이었고 흰 잎마름병은 K1, K2, K3 균계에 저항성을 보였지만, 오갈병 및 멸구류에 대한 저항성은 없었으며 도복에는 강하며, 수발 아와 내냉성은 ‘다산’과 비슷한 수준을 보였음 5. ‘KGHR1’의 입형은 현미장폭비가 3.37로 장원립이고 백미외관은 심복백이 0/1로 맑고 투명하였으며 단백질함량은 6.3%로 ‘다산’ 보다 낮은 반면 아밀로스함량은 22.7%로 ‘다산’ 보다 높았음 6. ‘KGHR1’의 제현율과 현백률은 대비품종 ‘다산’과 차이가 없었고 완전미도정수율은 40.5%로 ‘다산’ 보다 낮았으나 베트남 현지 일대잡종 벼 품종인 IIA838 보다 높았음 7. ‘KGHR1’의 쌀수량은 ‘수원’ 등 3개 지역에서 실시한 지역적응시험 보통기 보비재배 평균 6.60 MT/ha로 ‘다산’의 6.59 MT/ha와 차이가 없는 수량성을 보였고 수원에서 3년간 실시한 생산력 검정에서는 ‘다산’ 보다 23% 증수하였으며 특히 2019년에 7.59 MT/ha로 베트남 대조품종인 IIA838 보다 도 11% 증수하였으나 베트남 하이하우에서 2018년에서 2019 년까지 2년간 2작기씩 현지 관행재배로 4회 실시한 생산력검 정시험에서는 8.25 MT/ha로 대조품종인 IIA838 보다 12% 떨어지는 수량을 나타내었음 8. ‘KGHR1’는 국내 종자산업 육성과 수출경쟁력을 높이기 위해 2014년부터 수행한 골든시드프로젝트(Golden Seed Project, GSP)의 결과로 개발된 첫 번째 일대잡종 벼 품종으로 우리나라 벼 종자수출산업의 발전을 위한 밑거름이 될 것임

The Tay people are the ethnic minorities with the largest population in Viet Nam, mainly distributed in the Northern Uplands and Midlands, mostly concentrated in the provinces of Cao Bang, Lang Son, Tuyen Quang and Ha Giang. Over the long history of development, along with the development and improvement of their language, the Tay people have gradually created a type of writing system using the graphic, phonetic, and meaning elements of Chinese characters in combination with indigenous phonetic and linguistic elements, to create the system that is called the Nom-Tay scripts or the Nom script of the Tay ethnic group. Traditional Tay literature is mainly recorded in this Nom - Tay script. The article reliesupon the texts that belong to the genre of narrative poetry (in this genre, a story is written as a long poem) written in Nom - Tay- the most significant part of the written classical folk literature of the Tay ethnic group. Materials from the texts, currently stored at the Institute of Sino - Nom Studies (Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences), will be used to conduct an analysis of the usage and the method of writing of the Chinese characters in these texts. Thereby, the article strives to confirm the important role and the ample appearance of the Chinese characters in VietnameseNom- Tay texts.