이 연구의 목적은 커피점문점의 공간적 경쟁구도 및 입지우위를 미시적인 공간 해상도에서 탐색하 는 것이다. 분석지역은 인천광역시이며, 분석연도는 2018년이다. 분석방법으로는 공간 빅데이터 기반 의 i2SFCA(Inverted Two-Step Floating Catchment Area)와 Contour Tree 기법을 활용하였다. 분 석결과, 개별 커피전문점의 입지 효율성은 큰 편차를 드러냈으며, 연수3동, 선학동, 도원동 등의 순으 로 우수하였다. 또한, 공시지가가 높은 곳에 입지한 커피전문점 간의 출혈경쟁을 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 역세권이 아닌 지역에서도 커피전문점의 입지 효율성이 높은 지역, 이른바 틈새 지역 (niche region)을 확인할 수 있었다. 커피전문점의 소비행태에 관한 빅데이터의 활용 제약은 본 연구 의 한계와 직결되므로, 소비행태 빅데이터 기반으로 커피전문점의 입지 문제 정교하게 다루는 후속연 구가 필요하다.

한국 철강산업은 어떻게 해서 세계적인 경쟁력을 갖게 되었는가? ‘청암의 탁월한 기업가정신 때문이다‘라고 본 고는 답하고 있다. 기업가정신의 핵심은 혁신이고 혁신적인 경영활동에 의해 기업과 산업의 국제경쟁력이 제고되 기 때문이다. 청암 박태준은 기업가정신을 발휘하여 소명의식을 지닌 임직원을 만들고 경영과 조직을 혁신하여 기업경영 조 건을 향상시키고, 일본정부와 철강산업의 협력을 이끌어내어 요소조건과 관련산업조건을 개선하고, 수출시장을 개척하여 수요조건을 개선하는 등의 혁신을 바탕으로 건설공기와 조업기간 단축 등과 같이 생산성을 향상시킴으 로써 한국 철강산업의 국제경쟁력을 제고시켰다. 즉, 포스코를 창업하고 25년 동안 경영하였던 청암의 기업가정 신으로 인해 한국 철강산업은 세계적인 경쟁력을 확보하게 되었던 것이다. 포스코와 한국 철강산업의 성공요인을 설명하는 기존의 논문과는 다른 차원에서 애국심보다는 기업가정신이 국 가경쟁우위 4개 요인을 개선 및 혁신하였기에 한국 철강산업의 국제경쟁력이 제고되었다는 것이다.

The importance of innovative capability, the driving force behind innovation as a company’s intangible resources, is increasing. In general, companies with high innovation capability are more likely to be successful in innovation, which can be expected to have a positive impact on corporate performance. The innovation capacity of SMEs considered in this study is R&D capability and manufacturing capability. The reason for this is that not only the continuous efforts to strengthen the competitiveness of SMEs are focused on stabilizing manufacturing capability, but also considering the situation in which governmental support for SMEs’ R&D capability has been actively developed. This study examines whether R&D capability and manufacturing capability have a significant influence on corporate performance and securing competitive advantage, and analyzes whether competitive advantage acts as a mediator between innovation capability and corporate performance through regression analysis. SPSS 23.0 software was used for the empirical analysis of the data obtained through the survey. The research results are as follows. First, both R&D and manufacturing capabilities of SMEs were found to have a significant positive effect on corporate performance. Second, manufacturing capability had a significant effect on securing competitive advantage of SMEs, but R&D capability was not significant. Third, the competitive advantage of SMEs was found to play a mediating role between manufacturing capability and corporate performance.

In this study, I would like to inquire about the composition of oegi(外機) on the hip and gable roof. Oegi purlin compose the basic member of framework of a hip and gable roof in both sides roof, supporting the inside end of the side rafter. However, the oegi purlin is not simply used to form hip and gable roof. The effects of using oegi purlin have the advantages of spatial. The spatial advantages are the width of the toekan(退間) increases as the oegi purlin escapes from column row and to increase the ceiling height by becoming a point of staying the ceiling. That reflect the desire to expand indoor space due to changes in worship behavior. Oegi purlin was used not only for structural needs, but also for altering in indoor space due to the changing times.

The restaurant industry is more engaged in innovation now. Many entrepreneurs realized that the restaurant sector faces major challenging market environments: changing needs of customers, high competition, low barriers to entry, high labor costs, and innovation technology. The market orientation drives business learning about customers. Engaged customers can assist firms to improve performance by getting involved with the firm’s product innovation. Innovation could help restaurants to improve the products and service quality, cut costs, increase sales and profits; it is the basic condition for the survival of restaurant entrepreneurs. However, studies about how the innovation affects restaurant performance were still limited to describe the overview of products innovation process (Ivkov et al., 2016). Resource-based theory takes the internal resources and capabilities of a firm as valuable sources of competitive advantage. How to combine internal resources and quickly respond to market needs to create performance of innovation entrepreneurship that still unclear and worth exploring in depth discussion. Based on the above, This study personal interview with twelve restaurant entrepreneur, government experts and scholars reveal how absorptive capacity could strengthen the link between positional advantage and innovation for entrepreneurship restaurants with the influence of customer engagement. The positional advantages can make enterprise differentiate with their competitors, that including entrepreneurial orientation, human capital and market orientation (Jogaratnam,2017). The experts believe that innovation entrepreneurs need to adopt an open mind, seek new opportunities in the catering market, acquire or develop new technologies and launching new products / services in the market, using high returns and high risk strategies in search of success in market. Training and educating team members are effective way to improve their innovation entrepreneurship.

Theming has become a powerful strategy in hospitality industry to enhance customer engagement and to serve as a competitive advantage in a saturated market. Based on the resource-based theory (RBT) of sustained competitive advantage (SCA), this qualitative study is an exploratory attempt to investigate 10 hotels in Mainland China and Taiwan that have adopted the theming strategy. Introduction As hospitality industry is facing the increasingly intense competition and saturated markets, theming is continuously gaining importance of hotels strategy to survival and growth. In addition, strategy planning determines the future of firms and discover the method to achieve success (Yong & Oh, 2004). Holjevac (2003) predicted that at the beginning of the 21st century, hotels with themed strategy which characterized by a synthesis of esthetics, quality and functionality would become the future trend. Theming has created the differentiation in hospitality market, using the creation of experience-centric service. Pine & Gilmore (1999) once pointed out that the shaping of experience stems from simple and powerful thematic transmission. Moreover, experience marketing can bring preference to the product and service of the enterprise, which in turn leads to a positive value experience (Milman, 2013). The results of theming strategy will positively influence the satisfaction and return rate (Wu, M. Li, & T. Li, 2018). Theming strategy with the advantage of pursuing innovation and uniqueness was extensively used to firms in the competitive hospitality market, like hotels in Las Vegas and Macao. However, some scholars concerned about the sustainability for the strategy due to the high-capitalized cost and the customers sensitive taste (Wassler, Li, & Hung, 2015). Although hotels with themed strategy has flourished in Chinese market more than decade, market research has lagged behind to support the industry’s growth. Researchers still adopted a rather normative paradigm by either identifying the superficial issue focused on experiential market concept or pointing out problems without providing more sustainability related solutions (Zou & Peng, 2008; Xiao, Zhang, & Huang, 2013). Barney (2007) indicated that internal resources could lead to the competitive. Therefore, this study aims at understanding the factors that lead theming strategy to be sustainable in hotels, based on the resource-based theory of sustained competitive advantage. The article has the following structure. The first section establishes a theoretical foundation through a review of strategy literature on theming. The second section proposes a conceptualization of theming strategy’s sustained competitive advantage (SCA) consisting of firms intrinsic resources based on resource-based theory (RBT), also, describe the assessment of key sustainable factors of theming strategy through interview the superior manager of 10 hotels in Mainland China and Taiwan that have adopted the theming strategy. The final section discusses the study’s findings, implication, and suggests directions for future research. As this research is one of the first studies in the hospitality field that identifies the resources and capabilities of the hotels’ theming strategy from the inside viewpoint, the contribution of this study will, and can conceptualize and discover the key factors to sustain the competitive advantage of themed hotel managing strategy Literature review Theming strategy for hotels Theming is a complete and ubiquitous way of impressing consumers and improving brand awareness (Olson, 2004). From theme parks, casinos, department stores, aviation, restaurants to hotels, thematic construction has the dominant influence on most customer engagement (Muñoz, Wood, & Solomon, 2006). Hotel theming strategy, based on the theme of cultural material (history, city story, etc.) either from surrounding area or develop within hotel, display the core value of theme from physical resources, as buildings and facilities, to invisible resources, as atmosphere and service, which would, in the end, create a valuable and unforgettable customer stay experience(Zins, 1998). Xiao, Zhang, & Huang (2013) noted that the distinctive consumer experience at the theme hotel can impress customers, and, ultimately enhances brand recognition, customer engagement and repurchase intention. On the other hand, Wassler, Li, and Hung (2015) has indicated the pros and cons for the China themed hotels, which are the uniqueness to create competitive advantages that are difficult to imitate. On the contrary, the gaining of customers’ sense of demand can lead to the difficulties to fulfill customers’ taste and the ingrained capital with the narrow development is hard to recapitalize once invested. Importance of sustainability for theming strategy. Due to the strong specific image of the themed hotels, some cases developed as a passing fad in the hospitality field. Although prior study has indicated the importance of theme selection for themed hotels (Xiao et al., 2013), seldom literature focus on the overall implementation and application within hotels’ ins and outs, also the SCA issue of hotels management. Xiao & O'Neill (2010) pointed out that the analysis of internal resource is enable manger to realize and build sources of competitive advantage, which is emanated from the resource-based view of strategy. In Resource Based Theory (RBT), scholars thought that resources and capabilities from firms could bring lasting competitive advantage to the organization, and companies that have SCA (Wernerfelt, 1984). Organization have SCAs can reach outstanding performance by constantly creating and delivering the core value through price, trust, aesthetics and functionality to its target markets (Barney, 1991). Thus, in order to observe the SCAs for themed hotels management, this research will employ on internal resource view based on RBT to explore the SCAs from the internal aspect of themed hotels. Methodology We illustrate the key factors and analyze the importance of internal resources for the SCA of hotels’ theming strategy by means of a qualitative study in which 10 hotels applied theming strategy in Mainland China and Taiwan were surveyed using semistructured interviews. For the research question, a qualitative approach offers the advantage to allow an adequate, in depth analysis of the complex relations between internal recourses and SCA of theming strategy. These 10 hotels adapted theming strategy are chosen by non-probability snowball sampling method, below Fig.1 is the hotels list for 10 interviews in Taiwan and Mainland China. In addition, because China with a vast territory is limited to cover all area, the research focuses on Zhejiang province and Shanghai city, which have well-developed economy and rich tourist resources. All interviewees of the hotels will be the superior manager who decides the core value and leads the hotel’s future. The interview will be three part to proceed. First, in warm-up period, interviewer will frame an informal and trust environment, first step is to confirm interviewees’ background. The second part will be identify period; there will be a questionnaire, which adopted Chuang (2000), whose survey to prioritize the 5 dimension of internal resources that essential to hotel theming strategy management. Finally, we will confirm the competency, competitive advantage, and the strategy to achieve the sustainability for hotels theming strategy. We present conclusions for research and practice, as well as deriving practical recommendations for hotels’ theming strategy in Chinese market based on our findings. Preliminary findings The preliminary findings of the research will base on the key themes that emerge from in-depth interview to understand perceptions of hotel managers regarding theming. The result will be presented and discussed in three period. First, based on the questionnaire result from the interviewees, we will recognize that what the priority degree about the five dimension of internal resources is regarding perception of theming in hotel strategy. Second, 10 interviews will transcribe from voice recordings to pages of text, then the text will go through the coding technique, in which the raw and efforts data will be identified as the themes and subthemes. All the analyzed process will be carried by expert triangulation. Finally, through the experts examining on the links of themes and quotations, we will create a view of framework that would explore the relationships between theming strategy and SCA, the result will find the formula for hotels adapted theming strategy to possess competitive advantage of being sustainable. Although space limitations of the conference preclude the detailed explanation of this research work, the authors believe this study will broaden the theoretical domains used in understanding internal resources and competency of hotels’ theming strategy and practical information can be observed from the findings.

In times of rapid technological change and increasing global competition, the brand constitutes one of the few resources to ensure sustainable competitive advantage (Lindemann, 2003). An important brand attribute companies need to build and communicate to consumers is brand authenticity. The technological and economic dynamics of our modern times can have destabilizing social consequences, particularly during the uncertainty caused by economic or political crises – which robs individuals of their need for stability and continuity. In these times, the human desire for authenticity may be especially strong (Turner & Manning, 1988). But what drives the authenticity of a brand? Recent research has identified brand heritage, that is, a company’s active use of its past and legacy, as beneficial for achieving competitive advantage (Urde, Greyser, & Balmer, 2007; Balmer, 2009). Previous conceptualizations of brand heritage highlight longevity, core values, use of symbols and an emphasis on history (Urde et al., 2007). Balmer (2013) builds on these conceptualizations, identifying six traits an institution should possess to be regarded as having a corporate heritage, including institution trait constancy (e.g. in terms of organizational culture; product, process and quality focus; location; group and class associations; design, style and sensory utilization; and corporate communications). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no research so far has examined brand heritage as part of a corporate brand’s identity and authenticity for the specific case of post-Soviet brands whose embeddedness in a turbulent political and social environment over the last 200 years makes brand heritage management challenging. Using Balmer’s (2013) institutional trait constancy framework (Figure 1), the purpose of this study is to understand the identity of post-socialist corporate brands as corporate heritage brands and the challenges faced by managers in ensuring trait constancy of their corporate brands in the context of building and leveraging an authentic corporate heritage. A specific focus will be on analyzing how the heritage of corporate brands in post-socialist countries is connected to, and affected by, long-term societal developments including fundamental political and social regime shifts (i.e. presocialism, socialism and post-socialism). Our empirical application is the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector, and here in particular the confectionary industry because confectionary brands form an integral part of the traditions and culture of a society (Tellström, Gustafsson, &Mossberg, 2006). The paper draws on case studies of three Russian iconic corporate brands in the confectionary category (Babaevsky, Krasny Octyabr and Rot Front), and one Latvian iconic confectionary brand Laima. Through these case studies, the following research questions are answered: RQ1: How does institutional trait constancy manifest itself in corporate heritage brands in post-socialist countries? RQ2: How do long-term societal developments in these countries challenge institutional trait constancy in a brand heritage management context? Our findings suggest that successful brand heritage management in a post-Soviet context requires consistency regarding organizational culture, and here in particular adaptability and resilience, along with a focus on history and traditions. It also needs consistency in terms of product, process and quality foci, as well as regarding design, style and sensory utilization. Consistency as to location, group associations and corporate communications also matters. We argue that it is critical for academics and practitioners to better understand how brands become embedded in long-term social developments and consumer life-style and how the society feeds back into maintaining their brand heritage. On that basis, our findings can be used for development of effective branding heritage strategies to assist companies in their brand heritage management, and in sustaining their long-term competitive advantage in uncertain times.

Many firms see organizational learning systems as critical to facilitating competitive advantage. However, until now, few tourism studies have empirically investigated and identified how the different characteristics of highly competitive organizations, such as travel agencies, influence competitive advantage in a dynamic environment. This study uses a mediation-moderation analysis for such an empirical examination. A total of 288 travel agencies from Taiwan were analysed. The authors found that travel agencies’ shared goals may influence competitive advantage through characteristics of dynamic capability development, differential strategy implication and social capital accumulation. Greater levels of organizational learning may positively strengthen the relationships between (a) shared goals and dynamic capability, (b) shared goals and social capital, and (c) social capital and competitive advantage. Implications of these findings for managerial and theoretical frameworks are also discussed.

본 연구는 국내 수출중소기업의 시장지향성, 브랜딩역량, 신제품개발역량 및 경쟁우위 간의 관계를 살펴보고 이들의 관계가 수출하는 제품유형에 따라 상이하게 나타나는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대한상공회의소의 DB를 바탕으로 수출중소기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 총 407부가 실증분석에 이용되었다. 경로분 석을 실시한 결과, 시장지향성은 신제품개발역량 및 수출경쟁우위를 제고하였으며, 신제품개발역량은 경쟁우위에 긍정적인 영향력을 미쳤으나 브랜딩역량은 유의한 영향력을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 제품유형에 따른 변수 간 관계의 차이를 검증하기 위해 다중집단 경로분석을 실시한 결과, 신제품개발역량, 브랜딩역량 그리고 경쟁우 위에 대한 시장지향성의 긍정적 영향력은 산업재 수출기업보다 소비재 수출기업에 대해 더 높은 것으로 나타났으 나, 경쟁우위에 대한 브랜딩역량의 영향력은 소비재 보다 산업재 수출중소기업에게 더 높은 것으로 드러났다. 또 한 산업재와 소비재 기업 모두에 신제품개발역량은 수출경쟁우위를 차지하기 위한 중요 요인으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구결과는 수출중소기업의 해외시장 경쟁력 제고를 위한 시사점을 제언한다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

While the relationship between market orientation and new product performance has been extensively investigated, the mechanism by which market orientation contributes to new product performance was further studied in a business-to-business context. We developed a set of alternative research models to examine the roles of timing of entry and positional advantage in the market orientation—new product performance relationship. The results showed that industrial firms’ positional advantage is a key step in the process. Market orientation does not directly influence new product performance. Instead, market orientation helps to establish a firms’ positional advantage, which, in turn, positively influences new product performance in the marketplace. Timing of entry, shown to be an outcome of positional advantage, is not a determinant of new product performance in the business-to-business context. The findings revealed that market-oriented firms achieve superior new product performance through thoughtfulness indicated by a well-defined positioning strategy, not rapidity of action.

자란만에서 분리한 와편모조류 Akashiwo sanguinea의 성장에 대한 수온, 염분 및 광 조건을 실내실험을 통해서 살펴보았다. A. sanguinea의 최대성장속도(0.28 day-1)는 수온 25℃, 염분 30 psu로 나타났으며, 최적성장(최대성장속도의 80 % 이내 구간)은 수온 25℃의 염분 15~35 psu로 나타났다. 따라서 A. sanguinea는 고수온의 협온성이며, 광염성의 생리학적 특성을 가지고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 광량에 따른 성장 실험결과에서 유도된 성장식은 μ=0.31(I-16.87)/(I+51.19)로, 보상광량(I0) 값은 16.87 μmol m-2 s-1, 반포화광량(KI) 값은 84.93 μmol m-2 s-1으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 A. sanguinea는 하계에 충분한 광, 높은 수온, 염분의 변동 폭이 큰 연안해역에서 종 천이를 위한 유리한 생리학적 특성을 보이는 것으로 판단된다.

This study compared the disasters in construction field under construction amount of 300,000,000 won and the whole construction fields in order to improve the efficacy of various industrial safety and health policies and services and examined the characteristics of disasters in construction field under 300,000,000 won. It also examined, compared and analyzed the characteristics of disaster in construction field under construction amount of 300,000,000 won that disaster prevention technical experts saw. The subjects of comparison were selected with statistical data of disaster for 2011 and those of disaster in construction field under construction amount of 300,000,000 won from January to August of 2012. And questionnaire was conducted with technical instruction experts of small-sized construction field and priority was drawn, compared and analyzed with AHP. Consequently, the results of different views between actual disaster data and experts' views were obtained. Therefore, this study suggested the characteristics of disaster in construction field under construction amount of 300,000,000 won and presented the methods for improving disaster prevention technical experts.

본 연구는 한국의 수출 제조기업을 대상으로 동적역량의 결정요인과 동적역량의 경쟁우위 및 해외시장성과와의 관계를 연구하였다. 본 연구를 위해 대한상공회의소 코참비즈에 등록된 4182개의 중소 수출 제조기업을 대상으로 설문 조사를 하였으며, 최종적으로 386개의 기업 자료를 대상으로 Warp PLS(Partial Least Square) 1.0프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 구체적인 연구결과를 살펴보면, 첫째, 본 연구는 동적역량에 영향을 미치는 주요한 요소를 기업가 지향성(혁신성, 적극적 행동성, 위험감수성), 자원(재무적 자원, 물리적 자원, 인적 자원), 조직구조의 유기성으로 가정하였으며, 분석 결과 기업가 지향성의 적극적 행동성만을 제외하고 모든 요인들이 동적역량에 통계적으로 유의한 정의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 본 연구는 동적역량이 해외시장에서의 경쟁우위(차별화우위, 비용우위)에 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 가정하였으며, 분석 결과 동적 역량이 차별화우위에만 유의한 정(+)의 효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 본 연구는 해외시장에서의 경쟁우위(차별화우위, 비용우위)가 해외시장에서 성과에 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 가정을 하였으나 실제 결과는 경쟁우위 중 차별화우위만 성과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 동적역량의 결정요인부터 해외시장의 성과에 이르기까지의 과정을 종합적으로 살펴보았다는 점에서 동적 역량 이론의 발전에 기여한다고 본다. 또한 본 연구가 해외시장에서의 경쟁우위와 성과를 높이기 위해 동적역량을 강화할 필요가 있다는 것을 보여준다는 점에서 수출 기업의 경영에 많은 도움이 될 것이다.

본 연구에서는 장애인기업이 공공조달시장 진입을 통해 성장할 수 있는 기반 마련하고 장애인기업의 판로지원을 위해 공공기관의 장애인기업 생산물품 구매 활성화 방안 모색하여 공공기관의 장애인기업 생산품 구매촉진 방안 및 정책 제언을 제시하는 것을 그 목표로 하고 있다.