본 연구는 인쇄된 냅킨에 대하여 종이 제조공정의 첨가 제로 쓰이는 벤조페논, 포름알데히드 및 형광증백제의 잔 류량을 조사하였다. 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장의 벤조페논 시험법과 위생용품 포름알데히드 및 형광증백제 시험법을 적용하여 인쇄된 냅킨을 분석했을 때 R2 값 0.999 이상의 직선성을 확인하였고, 벤조페논을 물과 4% 초산, n-헵탄 으로 용출했을 때 83-101%, 포름알데히드는 100% 이상의 회수율을 보였다. 온라인에서 유통되는 국내 제조 일회용 종이냅킨 21건과 서울 시내 도매시장에서 유통되는 수입 산 장식용 냅킨 84건에 대하여 조사한 결과, 위생용품으 로 관리되는 일회용 종이냅킨에서는 벤조페논과 포름알데 히드, 형광증백제 모두 불검출되어 안전하게 관리되고 있 음을 확인하였다. 공산품으로 유통되는 장식용 냅킨 84건 의 경우 23건에서 n-헵탄으로 용출했을 때 0.003-0.022 mg/L 의 벤조페논이 검출되었다. 최대 검출량을 보인 냅킨에 대 하여 하루 1장을 사용한다고 가정할 때 벤조페논 인체노출허용량(TDI) 대비 0.31%로 확인되었고, 식품포장재인 종이제로 가정하여 식품소비계수(CF)를 적용하여 위해도 를 평가하였을 때 0.01% 수준이었다. 포름알데히드는 장 식용 냅킨 8건에서 0.053-0.162 mg/L가 검출되었고 일회 용 종이 냅킨 포름알데히드 기준 4mg/L에 비해 안전한 수준이었다. 또한 공산품인 장식용 냅킨 14건에서 형광증 백제가 검출되었는데 그 중 12건은 제품에 재활용지를 사 용한 제품이었다. 이에 냅킨의 용도별 구분과 안전한 사 용법을 소비자들에게 안내할 필요가 있으며, 인쇄된 위생 용품에 대한 벤조페논의 규격 설정을 위한 안전성에 대한 연구도 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Poor bonding occurs with resin due to surface inertness of carbon fiber (CF), so CF surfaces were often treated. In some common surface treatments, sizing was a simple and effective modification method. Polyurethane (PU) was used as the main component of sizing agents due to its similar structure to polyamide 6 (PA6). The CF/PA6 composites’ interfacial properties were improved using PU as a sizing agent. Meanwhile, in this paper, glycidol (GLD) was introduced into the PU emulsion so that the epoxy group reacted with the carboxyl group on the acidified CF. After testing, when the content of glycidyl in the sizing agent is 2%, the CF/PA6 composites showed an important improvement in tensile, impact, and flexural strengths, which increased by 49.4%, 94.6%, and 53.2%, respectively. In addition, the effect of modified WPU sizing agents with different GLD contents on the properties of CF/PA6 composites was investigated.

본 연구는 국내의 해조류 양식에서 심각한 피해를 유발하는 주요 병원체인 난균류 김 붉은갯병(Pythium chondricola)을 방제하기 위한 친환경적 대안을 탐색하였다. 병원체 억제에 대한 효능과 안전성을 평가하기 위해 과산화수소, 과초산, 항균펩타이드를 포함한 여러 후보 물질들을 실험하였다. 그 중 과산화수소(H₂O₂)에서 가장 효과적인 결과를 보여주었다. 특히 4,000ppm 농도의 과산화수소를 10~20초간 처리했을 때 병원체의 성장을 효과적으로 억제하였으며, 김 엽체 조직에 손상도 유발하지 않았다. 반면 과초산은 노출 시간이 길어질수록 김 조직에 괴사를 유발했으며, 항균 펩타이드는 유의미한 항균 효과를 보이지 않았다. 특히 과산화수소는 pH 6.2~6.4 수준의 중성 범위를 유지했다는 것이다. 이는 현재 사용되고 있는 인체 건강과 환경 안전에 잠재적인 위험성을 가진 강산성 무기산과는 구별이 된다. 더 나아가, 인위감염 후에도 과산화수소 처리는 붉은갯병의 확산을 현저히 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과는 실제 양식장 환경에서도 과산화수소가 안전하고, 효과적이며, 친환경적인 질병 방제 대안으로 적용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Chemical activation consumes copious quantities of chemicals is therefore hampered by its low economic feasibility. However, this issue can be overcome through the recovery and reuse of alkali compounds leached into wastewater. Because the leached potassium compounds exist as the relatively less reactive K2CO3, we explored three different approaches to remove carbonate ions ( CO3 2−) from the wastewater: (i) CO₂ stripping after acidification, (ii) exchanging CO₃2⁻ for OH⁻ using strong basic anion exchange resins, and (iii) inducing a phase transition via a reaction with Ca(OH)2 to precipitate CaCO3. Both ion exchange and phase transition convert K2CO3 into highly reactive potassium compounds such as KOH. The phase transition effectively enhanced the specific surface area of the activated carbon and thus had implications for pore development in carbon precursors, while offering a viable recovery strategy for alkali compounds that reduces costs by approximately 20% compared to traditional methods. These findings suggest that the in-situ recycling of wastewater for the production of activated carbon can improve the economic viability of manufacturing processes.

This research developed a highly efficient voltammetric sensor, utilizing a carbon paste electrode (CPE) integrated with a novel ZnO-doped Pd–Pt bimetallic catalyst decorated with reduced graphene oxide (ZnO-Pt@Pd/rGO) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][Tf2N]), for the precise determination of sulfafurazole in real dextrose saline and tablet samples. The ZnO-Pt@Pd/rGO nanocomposite was synthesized through a one-stage synthesis process and characterized using SEM and EDS techniques. The comparison of the ZnO-Pt@Pd/rGO/[EMIM][Tf2N]/CPE with unmodified CPE, ZnO-Pt@Pd/rGO/CPE, and [EMIM][Tf2N]/CPE confirms the synergic effect of ZnO-Pt@Pd/rGO and [EMIM][Tf2N] as two conductive catalysts in fabrication of new sensor. The resulting sensor exhibited remarkable stability over a period of 2 months without compromising its efficiency for sulfafurazole detection. With a linear range of 0.001–250 μM (R2 = 0.9971) and LOD of 0.4 nM, ZnO-Pt@Pd/rGO/[EMIM][Tf2N]/CPE showcased exceptional accuracy and precision in the monitoring of sulfafurazole. Validation using real tablet and dextrose saline samples confirmed the sensor's outstanding capability in determining sulfafurazole, with relative recoveries ranging from 98.92 to 103.8% offering a promising solution for reliable sulfafurazole analysis in diverse pharmaceutical samples.

A study on the denitrification of reverse osmosis(RO) concentrated wastewater from sewage reuse treatment plant in P city was conducted using waste desulfurization agent obtained from desulfurization process. Sulfur-based autotrophic denitrifying carrier comprises the predetermined amount of waste iron sulfide (FeS, Fe2S3), mine drainage sludge and elemental sulfur showing mesoporisity with 9.9 nm (99 Å) of average pore size. Sulfur denitrifying bacteria and sulfur reducing bacteria were implanted into the pores of sulfur denitrifying carrier. Nitrate was not affected by empty bed contact time (EBCT). It is probably due to larger reducing capacity of the carrier than the concentration of nitrate in RO concentrated wastewater. Total nitrogen (T-N) removal efficiency exhibited about 90% after 4 days. Sulfate ion was surprisingly decreased with sulfur autotropic process due to the reduction of sulfate ion to HS- and S2- by sulfur reducing bacteria. Sulfide and hydrogen sulfide ions were then taken by Fe(OH)3, main component of mine drainage sludge, releasing OH-. Alkalinity was therefore maintained between 7.5 and 8.5 in pH by the released OH-. Also, it had the effect of suppressing the production of H2S, which causes bad odor.

This study aimed to determine the optimal method by analyzing how different fining agents affect the quality of Muscat of Alexandria (MoA) wine. In the initial investigation, MoA wine underwent treatment with bentonite, egg white, icing glass, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), silica, and gelatin. General quality characteristics (pH, total acidity, sugar content, specific gravity, alcohol, volatile acidity), functional components (total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, tannins), and L*, a*, b* values were analyzed. Following the analysis, bentonite demonstrated the best color improvement, while silica and gelatin exhibited high total acidity and effective color enhancement. Consequently, bentonite, gelatin, and silica were deemed suitable for MoA wine and were selected for further investigation. In the second clarification test, varied experiments were conducted on bentonite, silica, and gelatin selected in the first clarification test. Analysis of general quality characteristics and functionality by fining type and time after treatment for MoA wine showed no significant changes before and after treatment. However, an analysis of turbidity after 8 months for each fining agent revealed a superior turbidity improvement effect of 0.040 ± 0.001 in the bentonite treatment group. Additionally, the L value was favorable in the bentonite and silica treatments. Regarding the improvement effect of the b value, silica treatment demonstrated the best results, followed by gelatin treatment.