Background: Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), a rich source of antioxidants, can prevent various diseases and improve human health. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative effects of broccoli sprout extract on oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide and cisplatin in cell and organ tissue models. Methods: Antioxidative effect of BSE was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS in RAW 364.7 cells, and effects of BSE on testes were investigated using Cisplatin-induced testicular damage model with an in vitro organ culture system. Results: The DPPH assay showed that the antioxidant activity of the alcoholic broccoli sprout extract was higher than that of the water extract. Additionally, the expression levels of antioxidation-related genes, Nrf2 , Gsr , HO-1, and catalase , were significantly increased in broccoli sprout extract-treated RAW 264.7 cells, and the extract suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Based on the results in the RAW 264.7 cell culture, the antioxidative effects of the extracts were investigated in a mouse testis fragment culture. The expression of Nrf2 , HO-1 , and Ddx4 was clearly decreased in cisplatin-treated mouse testis fragments and not in both broccoli sprout extract- and cisplatin-treated mouse testis fragments. In addition, the oxidative marker O-HdG was strongly detected in cisplatin-treated mouse testis fragments, and these signals were reduced by broccoli sprout extract treatment. Conclusions: The results of this study show that broccoli sprout extracts could serve as potential nutraceutical agents as they possess antioxidant effects in the testes.

Hericium erinaceus (HE) is an edible mushroom to exhibit several biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects. This study focuses on the antioxidant potential of HE as extraction solvents. HE was extracted with ethanol (HEE) and water (HEW) in order to observe the change of the extraction amount of the active ingredient. Total polyphenol content (TPC) analyses were performed to decide the active ingredient contents of HEE and HEW. Moreover, 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) and 1,2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were conducted to compare the antioxidant activities of HEE and HEW extracts. As a result, TPC (7.08 ± 0.08 g GAE/kg extract) of HEE was found significantly higher as compared to HEW (4.94 ± 0.02 g GAE/kg extract). The IC50 values based on the ABTS for HEE (471.47 ± 20.38 μg/ml) was generally stronger showing potential antioxidant properties compared to HEW (606.97 ± 1.04 μg/ml). On the other hand, DPPH radical scavenging activity showed no significant change in HEE and HEW extracts. These results demonstrated that ethanol extracts from HE could be useful as an antioxidative functional ingredients.

본 연구는 갈근 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 멜라닌세포 효과를 평가하기 위하여 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH radical 소거 활성을 통하여 항산화 활성을 살펴보고, B16F10 melanoma 세포에 대한 세포 독성 및 멜라닌 생합성 억제능 효과를 측정하였다. 연구 결과 B16F10 melanoma 세포에 대해 독성을 나타내지 않았으며, B16F10 melanoma 세포에 α-MSH로 멜라닌 생성 을 유도한 후 멜라닌 생합성 억제능을 측정한 결과 멜라닌의 생성 증가가 농도 의존적으로 억제되는 것 을 확인하였다. 항산화 활성에 대한 결과로는, 갈근 추출물은 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드의 함량이 높아 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 DPPH radical 소거 활성이 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과 를 통하여 갈근 추출물이 항산화 활성과 멜라닌세포 대한 멜라닌생성억제 효과가 뛰어나고 피부 세포에 대한 독성이 낮으며, 피부의 멜라닌 세포에 대한 안전성이 확인됨에 따라 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ultraviolet light (UV-B) on plant growth and petal antioxidants of edible flower pansy (Viola × wittrochiana ‘Rose’ and ‘Yellow’, V. cornuta ‘Purple’). The plants were grown under white LED of 100 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD and treated by UV-B of 10, 20 and 30 minutes per day: UVB-10, UVB-20, and UVB-30 respectively. The plant growth was significantly inhibited as longer UV-B radiation exposure, even ‘Rose’ could not f lower under UVB-30. NPQ increase was observed in all cultivars with longer UV-B irradiation exposure. Also, anthocyanin in ‘purple’ and ‘Rose’ or carotenoid in ‘Yellow’ increased in the petals as longer UV-B radiation exposure. Unexpectedly the contents of total phenol and DPPH did not show the significance in UV-B treatments. In conclusion, the applicable UVB exposure to edible pansy in order to more accumulate antioxidants in petals would be in 20 minutes per day.

In this study, we evaluated anti-oxidation and whitening effects of Ligularia stenocephala extract for use as the cosmeceuticals. L. stenocephala was extracted by three different solvents which was n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, H2O. The free radical (1,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity of extract of L. stenocephala was in the order: ethyl acetate fraction of leaf (IC50 value of 10.512ug/mL) 〉 ethyl acetate fraction of stem (IC50 value of 31.877ug/mL) 〉 H2O fraction of leaf (IC50 value of 129.194ug/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of extract of L. stenocephala was in the order: ethyl acetate fraction of leaf (IC50 value of 0.230mg/mL) 〉 ethyl acetate fraction of stem (IC50 value of 0.528mg/mL) 〉 H2O fraction of leaf (IC50 value of 0.799mg/mL). Tyrosinase inhibition activity of L. stenocephala extracts was reduced 29.477% on ethyl acetate fraction of leaf, 13.583% on ethyl acetate fraction of stems. Therefore, L. stenocephala extracts may be useful as a new antioxidant and whitening agent to inhibit melanogenesis.

Extraction of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge by super critical carbon dioxide was operated under 40-50℃and 200-250 atm, thus, yield of extraction was very low as 4 wt%. Rats were administrated with the extract orally once a day for succesive 6 days, followed by treatment with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on the sixth day. The activities of aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase and contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol in the extract-pretreated rats were decreased compared to the CCl4controled rats, whereas content of HDL-cholesterol was increased. Especially content of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and atherogenic index (AI) were decreased and HTR was increased in the extract-pretreated rats, and reduced peroxidative liver damage in the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity rats. In addition, activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in the extract-pretreated rats were significantly decreased compared to the CCl4 controled rats, but the content of glutathione was significantly increased. These results suggest that extract of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge has hepatoprotective effect in the CCl4-intoxicated rats.

In order to study for Onion ethanolic extract on the Heavy Metal Elimination and antioxidation, the peroxide values of oil and eliminated metal were analyzed. The results are follows: It was very effective as a retardant for autoxidation processing of the soybean and olive oil by the Onion ethanolic extract. Quercetin in the Onion ethanolic extract was affected as a ligand for chelating with some metals. Through out this study, Quercetin in the Onion ethanolic extract was affected as eliminator of the Mercury, Lead, and Cadmium.Abstracts In order to study for Onion ethanolic extract on the Heavy Metal Elimination and antioxidation, the peroxide values of oil and eliminated metal were analyzed. The results are follows: It was very effective as a retardant for autoxidation processing of the soybean and olive oil by the Onion ethanolic extract. Quercetin in the Onion ethanolic extract was affected as a ligand for chelating with some metals. Through out this study, quercetin in the Onion ethanolic extract was affected as eliminator of the mercury, lead, and cadmium.

본 연구는 제주에서 자생하는 산박하(Isodon inflexus (Thunb.) Kudo, I. inflexus (Thunb.) Kudo )의 80% 메탄올 추출물과 분획물, 그리고 분리 물질인 henryin의 항산화능 및 항염증에 관하여 조사한 것이다. 항산화 효과는 DPPH 라디칼 소거, xanthine oxidase 억제 및 superoxide radical 소거 활성 측정을 통하여 수행할 수 있는데, 산박하 추출물의 효능을 측정한 결과 superoxide radical 소거 활성에서 에틸아세테이트 분 획물과 부탄올 분획물의 IC50값이 각각 0.9 μ g/mL, 0.2 μ g/mL로 대조군인 allopurinol (2.2 μ g/mL)에 비해 우수한 억제 효능을 나타내었다. RAW 264.7 세포주를 사용한 항염 효능 평가에서, 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 강한 NO 억제 효과를 나타내었고, 이 분획으로부터 순수 분리하여 구조 동정된 물질인 henryin 역시 농도 의존 적으로 NO 억제시킴을 확인하였다. 특히, 에틸아세테이트 분획물과 henryin은 iNOS, COX-2와 염증관련 cytokine인 TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β의 mRNA 발현을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 이상의 결과들로부터 산박하 에틸아세테이트 추출물이 항산화 및 항염증 효능을 갖는 화장품 원료로서 개발 가능성이 있고 henryin은 기능성 지표물질로 활용될 수 있음이 시사되었다.

The extent of growth L. plantarum (LP), L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LD), L. fermentum (LF), S. thermophilus (ST), B. longum (BI) and S. cerevisiae (SA) was generally good with the lower concentration of the ginseng extract. Total sapogenin content was slightly different with kinds of a fermentation microorganism and the time of fermentation process, and generally reduced compare to before fermentation. The content of ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Re and Rf were decreased with the fermentation but ginsenoside Rd was increased by the E, LF and SA fermented extract. The content of compound K increased in the order of not-fermented extrac 〈 enzyme fermented extract 〈 enzyme and microorganism fermented extract, and as the fermented time get longer, the content of compound K was sightly increased. Especially, the content of compound K of the SA fermented extract was the most increased, also it of the BI, LD and LF fermented extract was increased, so these extract were considered a high valuable. Polyphenol content of the BI, LD, LP and ST fermented extract indicated 9.18±0.39~15.68±0.54 mg/10 g which was lower than it of a not-fermented extract (11.92±0.26~28.41±0.39 mg/10 g). Flavonoid content of a ginseng fermented extract indicated 26.93±0.17~156.45±1.29 mg/10 g, it was higher than a not-fermented extract (18.06±0.90 mg/10 g). As the fermented time get longer, the flavonoid content tendency to increase. DPPH radical scavenging activity of a fermented ginseng extract was 24.11±1.41~55.62±0.33%, it was slightly lower compared to a natural antioxidant, vitamin C. But it of the LF and ST fermented extract was similar to a natural antioxidant, vitamin C. It has not a concerned in a fermentation. Nitrite scavenging ability of a 24 hr fermented extract was above 80% at pH 2.5 and 4.2, it was similar to an artificial antioxidant, BHT (84.76±0.13%; pH2.5, 84.98±0.11%; pH 4.2). It has not a concerned in a fermentation. SOD-like activity of a fermented extract was lower than that of a not-fermented extract (19.22±0.51%), but it of the E and LP-fermented extract was a very highly notable value. As the fermented time get longer, the SOD-like activity tendency to increase.

32종의 생약재를 메탄올로 추출한 후 진공 건조한 후 각추출물의 생리활성 물질 및 알코올 대사와 관련된 효소활성을 측정하였다. DPPH법으로 free radical 소거능을 측정한 결과 정향, 녹차, 목단, 적양은 90% 이상의 소거활성을 보이고, 부위별로 살펴보면 줄기껍질＞ 잎 > 열매 > 뿌리 순으로 활성이 나타났다. 아질산염 소거능은 천초, 적양, 녹차, 지구자목, 팔각향 등이 우수한 소거활성을 보였고, 이 또한 부위별로는 줄기껍질이나 잎에

쪽파의 잎과 인경, 2,4-D 0.5, 1.0mg/L가 첨가된 MS배지에서 배양된 캘러스로부터 아미노산 분석과 항산화활성 을 분석하였다. 총아미노산 분석의 함량은 자연조건상태의 잎에서는 59.779 mg% 함유하였으나 2,4-D 0.5mg/L가 첨가된 배지에서 배양된 캘러스에서는 73.725 mg%를 함유하였으며 그 가운데 Glutamic acid가 26.555 mg%로서 가장 높게 나타났다. 총아미노산 함량에 대한 필수 아미노산의 함량 비율은 자연조건상태의 인경부분이 39.462 mg%를 함유하였고, 2,4-D 0.5mg/L가 첨가된 배지에서 배양된 캘러스에서는 13.072 mg%를 함유하고 있었다.