The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 34(2), 331-378. This study examines how social actors are discursively recontextualized across South Korea’s AI Digital Textbook (AIDT) policy, an educational initiative that has sparked public debate. Drawing on van Leeuwen’s concept of recontextualization, this study analyzes six policy documents released between 2020 and 2024, tracing the trajectory of redefining stakeholders’ roles throughout three phases of policy development: the Incubating, Introducing, and Developing AIDT. The analysis reveals that each phase repositions four actors—the government, teachers, EdTech companies, and students—to legitimize the policy agenda. The government shifts from designer to central authority to supporter, while maintaining structural dominance throughout. Teachers are progressively recast from aides to policy actors to autonomous classroom innovators, a discursive move that transfers institutional responsibility onto individual professionals. EdTech companies are elevated from peripheral service providers to innovators embedded within public education infrastructure. Students, despite being invoked as the policy’s primary beneficiaries, remain passive objects across all phases. Central to this recontextualization is an “education ecosystem” discourse, which absorbs tensions between public and private interests and between top-down governance and teacher agency through the language of mutual benefit and professional empowerment. This study argues that this ecosystem discourse functions as ideological naturalization to legitimize EdTech companies as actors in public education.

Through an intertextual analysis of policy documents, this study examines how language ability has been constructed as a key technology in Korean migration policy. Drawing on Foucault’s concept of governmentality and critical discourse analysis, this paper treats policy texts not as neutral administrative instruments but as discursive practices that legitimize language assessment as a condition of eligibility, integration, and citizenship. Focusing on documents related to Korean language testing, naturalization requirements, and social integration programs, this analysis highlights how recurring discourses on standardization, social order, and risk management have bee mobilized to acclimatize language evaluation. Rather than reporting the empirical outcomes of language testing, this study offers a critical reading of policy discourse, showing how language ability is framed as an objective and technical criterion, while obscuring its political and normative implications. This study contributes to the sociolinguistic and critical language policy research by illuminating how language assessment operates as a powerful mechanism for selection and governance in contemporary migration regimes.

This paper offers a comprehensive philological and paleographical examination of two cursive-script (caoshu) paper manuscripts from the ancient kingdom of Loulan, both attributed to a scribe named Chaoji (超濟), whose hand is also identified with Zhang Ji (張濟) or Zhang Jicheng (張濟逞) in earlier scholarship. Discovered by Sven Hedin in March 1901 and first published by Sten Konow in 1920, these documents have since attracted sustained scholarly attention from Japanese and Chinese researchers, including Akai Kiyomi, Lin Meicun, Meng Fanren, Hou Can, Yang Daixin, and most recently Chen Ling, Zhang Yongqiang. Despite decades of study, significant disagreements persist regarding the transcription of numerous cursive glyphs, primarily due to the highly abbreviated and fluid nature of the script, compounded by physical deterioration of the manuscripts. Drawing upon comparative analysis of cursive forms from contemporaneous sources—including Dunhuang manuscripts, Jin dynasty calligraphic models by Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi, Han bamboo slips, and other Loulan texts—this study re-evaluates contested characters in both documents. Key reinterpretations include identifying “虎” (tiger, possibly a personal name) instead of “帝” in “羌虎”; reading “與” (with/to give) rather than “足” or “具” in “與所履”; preferring “夏” (summer) and “享其宜” (enjoying well-being) over “多” and “早其宜”; and transcribing “見兄甚勞” (seeing elder brother, [he is] very weary) instead of “昌弟云”. Each proposed reading is supported by formal glyphic comparison and contextual coherence. The paper also clarifies phrases such as “湌食如常” (eating as usual) and “差錯” (mistakes), reinforcing the semantic plausibility of the new transcriptions. Beyond resolving specific textual cruxes, this study illuminates the high level of calligraphic artistry in Chaoji’s hand and contributes to our understanding of the development of cursive script during the Han-Jin transition, particularly its role as a precursor to later Chinese character simplification. These refined readings provide a more accurate foundation for historical, linguistic, and cultural research into the Silk Road’s eastern frontier during the third to fourth centuries CE.

As a special type of script sign, the huaya (personal cipher or stylized signature) is ubiquitous in Chinese contracts. While ethnic communities in southwest China adopted the well-developed Han contractual format, they also imported these highly individual ciphers. Because most local parties had only a limited command of written Chinese, the original cursive signatures quickly evolved into non-lexical marks that no longer contained the signer’s name. Executed in simpler strokes and highly variable shapes, such marks could differ from one contract to another even for the same person, and one and the same mark might be used by several different individuals. Consequently, the huaya’s capacity to distinguish one signer from another was greatly weakened.

The photocopy of Vietnamese Chinese and Yanxing Documents (Compiled in Vietnam) published by Fudan University Press is a set of manuscripts about Vietnamese Chinese and Yanxing documents during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, in which the copywriters used a large number of vulgar characters. Some of these vulgar characters were common characters in the East Asian Chinese character cultural circle at that time, while others had significant national characteristics and were only found in Vietnamese Chinese documents. Although some are found in books such as Big Chinese Dictionary, they are obviously inconsistent with the meanings in books. The two characters “ ” and “ ” are the nonstandard characters of “筆 (Bi)”, “丕” is the nonstandard character of “歷 (Li)”, “澫” and “ ” are the nonstandard characters formed by cursive script of “漢 (Han)”, and “ ” is the nonstandard characters of “考 (Kao)”.

본고는 미국 대외정책의 맥락에서 트럼프 2기 행정부의 AI 정책 방향 을 보다 체계적으로 조망해볼 필요가 있다는 문제의식에서 출발한다. 미 대통령이 정책 방향을 제시할 때 활용하는 대표적 수단은 연두교서와 대 통령 행정명령(Executive Order)이다. 특히 트럼프 1기 행정부 초반 3 년간 서명한 행정명령이 137건에 이를 정도로 트럼프 대통령은 행정명령 을 적극적으로 활용했다. 아울러 국가안보전략(NSS)과 같이, 대통령실 차원에서 발표되는 전략문서도 미 정부의 정책방향을 파악하는데 도움이 된다. 트럼프 1기 행정부 대통령 및 대통령실 차원에서의 AI 관련 내용 을 담은 문서로서는 우선 백악관 명의로 발표된 국가안보전략(2017.12.) 이 있다. 동 전략은 미국의 번영과 안보라는 측면에서 AI 이슈를 언급하 였다. 2019년 2월 발표된 연두교서에서 트럼프 대통령은 미래 첨단 산업 투자의 중요성을 역설하였다. 같은 달 트럼프 대통령은 AI 관련 행정명 령 제13859호를, 대통령실 과학기술정책실(OSTP)은 동 행정명령에 기초 해 “미국 AI 이니셔티브(American AI Initiative)”를 발표했다. 이후 2019년 6월 대통령실 산하 국가과학기술위원회는 “국가 AI R&D 전략계 획"을 발표했다. 이 일련의 문서들은 '미국 우선주의'에 기초하여, AI 분 야의 정책을 구체화해 나간다는 동일한 맥락 속에 있다. 상기 1기 트럼 프 행정부의 AI 정책 관련 문서를 검토한 본고의 논의는, 2기 트럼프 행 정부의 AI 정책을 조망하는데 함의를 제공한다.

There are several print types of original East Asian books, such as woodcut, movable type, and manuscripts by hands. Especially in woodcuts and manuscripts by hands is the possibility of errors caused by misprints and hand writing’s errors is higher. The current method of publishing is also the same problem, but at mid-age everything print or copy was done by hand, so the possiblity of error would be high than now. Therefore, proofreading was a very important and difficult task in the East Asian books. In Korea, the importance of proofreading has recently been emphasized, and there have been several discuss at seminars and several specialized books on proofreading have been published. However, there has not been a rigorous national rule, and the issue of Han-character processing in particular has not been discussed. In this article, I discuss in detail the principles of proofreading prevailing in Korea, and hope find develop solutions.

The construction method of scaffolding structures is different from Mortise and Tenon and bucket arch structure of traditional large woodwork. It forms an independent construction system-fixing nodes with knots, a large number of diagonal braces are used to fix shelves and the structures mostly contain X-shape and triangular shape details. Simple ones include stalls, sheds, rain sheds, altars, lamp racks etc. But the scaffolding with larger scale and more complicated structure are modeled on archways, theatres and other buildings which are used in commercial and festival activities. At present, Macao, Hong Kong, Guangdong, Sichuan, Shanxi and other places in China have retained the custom of using scaffolding structures in important festival activities, but their uses, techniques and building types are slightly different from place to place. Due to building and demolishing at any time, the construction and service cycle is short. As a result, there are almost no physical objects left. We can only deduce the use and technical characteristics of ancient scaffolding skills through the colorful building styles that have been preserved with folk activities in various parts of China, the craftsmanship handed down from generation to generation by the scaffolding guild and artisans, and the description of cultural and historical materials and the mutual corroboration of visual materials.

This study aims to to identify specific terms used in the documents of public organizations in order to assess the need to replace them for general comprehension by the public and to gain an understanding of how public organization officials and the public (those who visit the organizations) perceive those words. With their cooperation, the terms (used in press releases), guidance practices, notices, and website posting of Siheung Urban Corporation were collected, and 64 terms were selected through word segmentation of 300,000 words and morphological analysis. Next, a survey was conducted to determine the need for improvement of specific terms and the appropriateness of the alternative terms. The survey results showed an average v alue o f 3.04 (out of 4) f or t he n eed to r efinement of terms. The alternative terms received an average appropriateness value of 3.21 (out of 4). As a result of examining terms that require replacement by vocabulary type, it was found that E nglish a crony ms s uch as VOC, CS, AED, B L scored an a verage o f 3.23 points, indicating that replacement was most necessary. This survey of public organization officials and the public suggests that acronyms urgently need to be replaced in public documents.