UAM 등 신교통수단의 등장으로 인해 고속도로는 경쟁력 제고가 필요한 실정이다. 해외 국가에서는 고속도로의 제한속도를 상향하 고 있으며 국내에서도 고속도로 경쟁력 확보를 위한 방안으로 초고속도로 도입을 고려하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 초고속도로 도입에 따른 사회적 편익을 분석하고자 하였다. 분석을 위해 교통수요분석 프로그램 TransCAD를 활용하였으며 속도 상향 시나리오별 (140km/h ~ 200km/h) 편익을 도출하였다. 그 결과, 전국 고속도로의 속도를 상향할 때 전국 도로 네트워크의 총편익이 증가하는 것으 로 나타났다. 본 연구는 향후 초고속도로 도입을 위한 정책 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

PURPOSES : The primary purpose of this study is to develop a framework for predicting the demand and distribution of pedestrians when an open space zone is built at the top through the undergroundization of the Gyeongin Expressway. METHODS : After analyzing the current status through a survey on the number of people, students, surrounding traffic volume, and future socioeconomic indicators, the rate of change in the floating population and the rate of increase and decrease in the traffic volume of pedestrians were calculated to evaluate the effect. In addition, microscopic analysis results were derived by setting a pedestrian analysis zone (PAZ). A walking environment index (WEI) was developed that can quantitatively evaluate the degree of walking activation by indicating walking-related surrounding environmental factors. Based on this, a walking demand prediction model was developed. In addition, the results were validated by calculating the walking volume through a micro-simulation in/around the open space zone. RESULTS : The number of crosswalks and schools, transit development indicators, and pedestrian volume increased as the WEI value increased. However, the log form of the distance was observed to be a factor that reduced walking. CONCLUSIONS : This study attempted to reliably predict the demand for walking on the Gyeongin Expressway by calculating the amount of induced walking and the amount of passing walking. The pedestrian demand can be boosted by improving walking environments.

PURPOSES : This study was conducted to develop expressway safety treatments based on the analysis results of older driver behaviors through literature review, surveys, and driving simulator experiments. METHODS: In this study, three analyses were conducted: surveys of 700 older drivers to find the risk segments they recognized, driving simulator experiments with older and younger drivers to investigate driver behaviors, and expert surveys to find the priority of expressway safety treatments for older drivers. RESULTS : Through survey results it was found that merging areas and tunnels were identified as the most dangerous areas, and more dangerous older driver behaviors were observed on those expressway segments in the driving simulator experiments. In addition, the priorities of safety treatments for each segment of expressways were decided based on expert surveys. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that choice and concentration strategies of expressway safety treatments for older drivers should be applied as perceptions regarding dangerous spots and older driver behaviors, including geometric designs, safety facilities, regulation, and institutes to improve expressway safety.

Since the opening of Gyeongbu Expressway, the first Korean expressway of 428km connecting Seoul and Busan in 1970, the total length of expressway exceeds 4,200km at the moment. The Expressway Traffic Management System (ETMS) started at the Seoul-Daejeon section of Gyeongbu Expressway in 1992 and it was expanded to the whole expressway network. Although the introduction of a successful traffic management system, the total recurrent congested sections below 40kph are 51 sections of 373km on expressways and the traffic congestion cost as a social cost reaches a total of 2.8 trillion KRW (about US $2.6 billion) only on the expressways. Measures to improve traffic congestion can be applied to expanding the supply of facilities and increasing the efficiency of facilities. Physical improvement, which means expansion and construction of roads, is cost and time constrained, and there is also a limit for the improvement of traffic operation. In order to maximize the effect of traffic congestion management, there is a need to harmonize the both, but there is still a lack of awareness of the importance of integrated traffic management in Korea. In this study, the concept of Integrated Traffic Management (ITM) on expressways integrating various individual traffic management techniques such as ramp metering, toll metering, and variable speed limit is proposed and the effect of the effect of Integrated Traffic Management was carried out by the microsimulation model for 15km section on the Seoul Outer Ring Expressway.

PURPOSES: The density in uninterrupted traffic flow facilities plays an important role in representing the current status of traffic flow. For example, the density is used for the primary measures of effectiveness in the capacity analysis for freeway facilities. Therefore, the estimation of density has been a long and tough task for traffic engineers for a long time. This study was initiated to evaluate the performance of density values that were estimated using VDS data and two traditional methods, including a method using traffic flow theory and another method using occupancy by comparing the density values estimated using vehicular trajectory data generated from a radar detector. METHODS: In this study, a radar detector which can generate very accurate vehicular trajectory within the range of 250 m on the Joongbu expressway near to Dongseoul tollgate, where two VDS were already installed. The first task was to estimate densities using different data and methods. Thus, the density values were estimated using two traditional methods and the VDS data on the Joongbu expressway. The density values were compared with those estimated using the vehicular trajectory data in order to evaluate the quality of density estimation. Then, the relationship between the space mean speed and density were drawn using two sets of densities and speeds based on the VDS data and one set of those using the radar detector data. CONCLUSIONS: As a result, the three sets of density showed minor differences when the density values were under 20 vehicles per km per lane. However, as the density values become greater than 20 vehicles per km per lane, the three methods showed a significant difference among on another. The density using the vehicular trajectory data showed the lowest values in general. Based on the in-depth study, it was found out that the space mean speed plays a critical role in the calculation of density. The speed estimated from the VDS data was higher than that from the radar detector. In order to validate the difference in the speed data, the traffic flow models using the relationships between the space mean speed and the density were carefully examined in this study. Conclusively, the traffic flow models generated using the radar data seems to be more realistic.

PURPOSES : Expressways experience chronic and recurring congestion, especially during weekends and holidays, because of the increased demands for leisure-related travel. The alternatives to solve chronic and recurring congestion may be three-fold: (1) physical expansion of expressway capacities, (2) road pricing, and (3) temporal and spatial distribution of traffic demands. Among these, the third alternative may be the most cost-effective method for the Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC) that can be achieved by using the existing ITS infrastructure. METHODS : KEC initiated a pilot study in which the traffic on congested expressways was managed by providing traffic condition information (i.e., travel times) of neighboring national highways for taking detours via variable message signs (VMS). This study aimed to estimate the detour rate, and the two pilot studies on Seohaean and Yeongdong expressways yielded many benefits. RESULTS: It was revealed that the total length of congestion segments decreased by 7.8 km, and the average travel speed increased by 5.3 km/h. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, it was concluded that the propagation of detour information via VMSs during congestion hours can help reduce congestion on expressways and increase the benefits of the entire network.

PURPOSES: Climbing lanes on expressways managed by the Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC) have been hot potatoes due to conflicts between slow-moving vehicles such as trucks and other vehicles at the merging section as well as the less popularity with the slow-moving vehicles. In order to resolve such problems, KEC has altered existing climbing lanes to passing-type climbing lanes in 1999. The new type of climbing lanes showed an apparent improvement in mobility. For example, the speeds of vehicles using both climbing lane and other lanes improved a lot. However, there has been no clear evidence about improved safety. METHODS: This research effort was initiated to evaluate the safety of the new passing-type climbing lanes using the comparison-group(CG) method based on three-year-long traffic accident data sets before and after the change, respectively. RESULTS: The passing-type climbing lanes showed twice increased traffic accidents even though the traffic accidents on old type climbing lanes increased 1.1% during the same periods. In addition, in-depth study, the merging area of the passing-type climbing lanes was found out to be the weakest section where 43.8% traffic accidents out of total traffic accidents happened. It is noted that the merging area of the old type climbing showed only 25.0% traffic accidents. CONCLUSIONS : The new passing-type climbing lanes were found to be weak in terms of safety when compared with the old type climbing lanes. Especially, the merging area should be improved to reduce the risk of traffic conflicts between slow-moving vehicles and other vehicles.

본 연구는 최근 생태복원된 폐고속도로를 대상으로 하여 대상지별 현황을 조사 분석하고 그에 따른 향후 장기적인 유지관리전략을 수립하여 폐고속도로의 생태복원 목표를 달성하고자 연구되었다. 연구의 내용은 복원대상지에 대한현황과 문제점을 분석하고 유형을 분류한 후 폐도로 복원관리의 원칙과 관리방식, 관리대상, 관리항목 및 체크리스트를제안하는 것으로 구성되었다. 현황분석을 위해 조사대상지는 최근 사업이 완료되어 1년 이상 경과한 지점 중 지역분포를고려하여 속사나들목 시범사업지(2009), 달성2터널(2010), 오산나들목 복원지(2010), 황간폐고속도로 시험시공지(2009)등 4곳을 선정하였다.복원지의 현황을 분석하기 위해 상기 대상지에 대한 준공공사대장 분석과 현장조사를 병행하여 현황과 문제점을 분석하고 대상지를 경관 및 단면유형으로 분류하였다. 조사대상지를 경관유형에 따라 분류했을 때 [산림지역-시가화건조지역] 유형과 횡단면 유형에 따라 분류했을 때 [절개-성토형]이 가장 많이 나타났다. [시가화 건조지역]에 인접한산림지 유형인 경우 외래 이입종의 발생이 많고 [절개-성토형]이 많을 경우 절개지 급사면을 따라 토사, 우수의 유입에따른 기반유실과 성토면에는 건조피해 가능성이 예상되었다. 복원대상지의 관리 현황과 문제점을 생태성, 경관성, 이용성,관리계획성 측면에 따라 분류한 후 그에 따라 분석하였다. 생태성 측면에서는 교목의 경우 얕은 토양층, 보수 및 보비력이낮은 기반토양 특성상 건조피해와 유사한 끝가지가 마르는 증상을 나타내며 고사한 수목이 많았다. 경관 및 이용성측면에서는 인근주민의 불법경작이나 일부 시설물 훼손과 여름철 집중호우 시 토사의 집적과 수로 막힘 등이 눈에띄었다. 관리계획성 측면에서는 폐도 복원지역에 대한 별도의 관리계획 수립 및 관리지침이 수립되어 있지 않아서향후 체계적인 폐고속도로 복원관리 매뉴얼이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 향후 폐도로 복원관리 메뉴얼 도입 시설정해야할 내용들을 기존 보고서나 문헌자료를 토대로 폐도로 복원관리원칙과 관리방식, 관리대상, 관리항목 및 체크리스트등으로 구분하여 관리지침을 제안하였다.

PURPOSES : This study aims to draw differences between primary and secondary crashes by comparing crash characteristics and to identify the unique characteristics of secondary crashes for making better effective countermeasures to reduce secondary crashes. METHODS : The characteristics of secondary crashes were compared to those of primary crashes through a two sample proportional test (z-test). RESULTS : The results showed that vehicle-to-vehicle crashes and vehicle-to-person crashes are dominant crash types in secondary crashes. Compared to primary crashes, secondary crashes were likely to occur during nighttime. With respect to season and weather, the proportion of secondary crashes occurred during winter and in snowy weather is relatively higher than that of primary crashes. The main causes of primary crashes were found to be drowsiness, speeding, and exaggerated steering control, whereas main factors affecting the occurrence of secondary crashes were negligence of keeping eyes forward and no keeping a safe distance as expected. CONCLUSIONS : The characteristics affecting the occurrence of secondary crashes are different from those of primary crashes, indicating that proper countermeasures should be established to prevent the occurrence of secondary crashes on highways.

고속도로의 터널구간은 일반구간과는 다른 주행특성(속도, 교통량, 밀도 등)을 가지게 되고 이에 따라 고속도로 일반부에서 터널진입 전과 후에 운전자 행태가 변하는데, 가장 대표적인 예가 속도의 감소 현상이라 할 수 있다. 하지만, 이러한 다양한 요인들 중 현재까지 연구의 진행 추세는 도로의 용량, 속도감소 측면의 정량적인 부분에 초점을 맞춘 연구들 위주로 진행되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 터널의 다양한 여건을 고려할 수 있는 구간을 대상으로 설문조사와 설문결과 분석을 통해서 터널구간 속도감소에 영향을 미치는 정성적 요인들을 알아 보았다. 분석 결과 최근 증가 추세인 장대터널과 관련된 터널 자체의 형상(차로폭, 갓길폭, 터널길이)에 대한 요인이 터널 내부 속도감소에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 터널입구 보임여부와 같은 시각적 환경이 속도감소의 영향요인으로 나타났으며 터널 내부의 조명밝기에 따라 속도변화가 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과를 활용하여 고속도로 터널부 설계관련 기술개발 및 서비스개선을 위해 지속적인 투자가 이루어질 것이라 판단된다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of the construction of indoor gardens in expressway service areas. This study can be utilized as basic data for efficient and successful indoor garden introduction in future service areas and improvements for current service areas on expressways. The study period was from September 2, 2016 to October 11, 2017. The status of indoor garden was determined by visiting 147 expressway service areas in Korea. Physical environment survey items include architectural structure, usage type, facility and garden ornament, mobility, material of planter, soil type and planting plants. Among the 147 major expressway service areas, 56 were constructed with indoor gardens done, showing an indoor garden construction ratio of 38%. In terms of the number of service areas with indoor gardens in expressway, Gyeongbu Expressway had the largest number of 16 areas. This was followed by 10 in Jungang Highway, 8 in the Jungbunaeryuk Expressway, 6 in the Seohaean Expressway, 4 in the Namhae Expressway, 4 in the Youngdong Expressway, 3 in the Donghaean Expressway, 3 in Tongyeong-daejeon Jungbu Expressway, and 2 in Honam Expressway. Thirty five service areas in expressway were constructed with natural flowers, 7 service areas were decorated with artificial flowers, and 14 service areas were arranged with both natural and artificial flowers. Most of the indoor gardens in the expressway were constructed in the restroom space, 47 in the men’s restroom and 50 in the women’s restroom. The indoor garden landscape in the expressway service area was all designed as a fixed garden type, except for three places composed of portable planters. There were 19 families, 27 genera, and 30 species of plants found in the indoor gardens in the expressway service areas.

Expressways mean the primary arterial highways with a high level of efficiency and safety. However, Gyeongbu and Namhae expressways connected with Busan ports are showing travel time delay by increased traffic including the medium/ large-sized vehicles of about 20% compared to those of about 13% regardless of the peak periods. This study, thus, intends to analyze lane traffic characteristics in the basic 8-lane segments of the above-mentioned expressways, compute the planning and buffer times based on travel time reliability, find the lane speed showing a higher correlation with planning time between the lane speeds in the basic 8-lane segments, and finally suggest a correlation model for predicting the planning time in expressways.

Traffic accidents on the expressways during the high speed driving are severe and more damaging, compared with other traffic accidents. There has been much effort to reduce the traffic accidents by seeking for the cause of the accidents. Apart from drunk driving and driving while drowsy caused by personal carelessness, one of the main causes of the accidents on the expressways is the limit to the straight-ahead. The straight-ahead is much affected by climate and topography. Existing research on this subject investigates the accidents during the driving on the expressways under bad weather, the accidents on the freeways with design problems regarding the topology and grade and the accident frequency varying with traffic volume. The current study suggests a model including precipitation and traffic volume at a time and aims at examining their impacts on the traffic accidents on the expressways by using a binomial logistic regression analysis. The data used were the traffic accident frequency per day over a year on each link of two expressways, Donghae and Yeongdong, which represent Yeongdong and Yeongseo regions of Gangwon Province. The results tell that precipitation and traffic volume significantly affect the occurrence of the traffic accidents. The accident occurrence is also significantly different between the two expressways and even more significantly different between links within each expressway. Further research topics were identified, including the distinction between rainfall and snowfall, the inclusion of mediating variables such as the limit to the straight-ahead due to the precipitation and the differentiation between the degrees of fatality of the traffic accidents.

일반적으로 고속도로는 대용량의 교통량을 높은 수준의 안전성과 효율성을 가지고 고속으로 이동시키기 위해 건설되었다. 국내 경부고속도로와 남해고속도로는 부산항을 기 종점으로 하는 핵심고속도로로 컨테이너차량을 포함한 수출입화물트럭의 집중으로 교통문제가 종종 발생하고 있어서 교통문제 완화를 위해서는 교통특성연구의 필요성이 제기되고 있는 상황이다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 경부고속도로와 남해고속도로의 8차로 기본구간을 대상으로 차로별 점유율과 평균밀도의 상관관계를 통해 고속도로의 밀도추정모형을 제시하고자 하였다.