본 연구는 식물공장에서 미나리(Oenanthe javanica DC.) 를 초장별(20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm)로 재배할 경우 기능성 물질과 영양학적 가치가 유지되는지를 평가하기 위해 수행되 었다. 미나리는 항산화 효과, 항염증, 간 보호 등 다양한 생리 활성을 갖춘 기능성 채소로, 기존 재배 방식의 한계를 극복하 고 연중 안정적인 생산이 가능한 식물공장 재배 가능성을 확 인하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 연구 결과, 초장 30cm에서 칼륨(K)과 칼슘(Ca) 함량이 가장 높았으며, 비타민 C 함량 또 한 1,165.38mg·kg-1으로 가장 높았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 초 장 20－40cm에서 유사한 수준을 유지하였으며, 초장 50cm 에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 기능성 물질인 Quercetin, Apigenin, Isorhamnetin 함량은 초장에 따른 변동 폭이 크지 않아, 단기 재배된 초장이 짧은 미나리도 충분한 기능성 물질 을 함유하고 있음을 확인하였다. 식이섬유 함량 또한 모든 초 장에서 일정 수준(300g·kg-1 이상)을 유지하여 건강 기능성 채소로 활용 가능성이 높았다. 본 연구 결과를 종합하면, 식물 공장에서 초장 30cm로 재배된 미나리는 높은 영양 가치와 기 능성을 유지할 수 있으며, 기존 노지재배 방식과 비교해 연중 균일한 생산이 가능하여 산업적 활용 가치가 클 것으로 판단 된다.

This study aims to model an accident that occurred at building demolition work sites in Gwangju in 2021 by using functional resonance analysis method(FRAM) and to understand a range of factors contributing to the accident based on the concepts and principles of FRAM and Safety-II. The nature of building demolition works needs to be understood from the viewpoint of socio-technical systems. Not only technical factors but also non-technical factors, including human, organizational, and political factors, and their complicated interrelationships should be considered in the modeling and analysis of accidents happening in the works. Because of the inherent complexity of a demolition works, it is unlikely to specify all of the necessary activities to be conducted in the works and their accountable actors. Additionally, unexpected situations are likely to happen and therefore some activity procedures cannot be followed in a prescribed way, which means that workers sometimes should conduct their activities in an improvisional way. Those characteristics of building demolition works indicate that a traditional accident analysis method based on a linear cause-effect relationship would be inadequate, and that more systemic approaches that can deal with the socio-technical complexities and characteristics of demolition works should be used. With this in mind, we applied FRAM to the accident happening in Gwangju in 2021 and attempted to understand the accident based on the concepts and principles of FRAM and Safety-II (e.g. a functional variablity and its propagation to another function). Lastly, we also suggested ways to enhance the safety of building demolition working sites.

This study examined the intake status and the factors affecting intake of functional foods using the data from Consumer Behavior Survey for Food by the Korea Rural Economic Institute. Among the total respondents, 80.4% took functional foods, and the number of respondents who took two types of functional foods was the highest. The main reason for taking functional foods was to prevent disease, and the main places of purchase of functional foods were off-line large supermarkets, on-line shopping malls, and pharmacies. Compared to a year ago, the percentage of increase in functional food purchases this year was higher than the percentage of decrease. The most common reasons for not taking functional foods were ‘not feeling the need’ and ‘not trusting the quality’. As a result of conducting a complex samples logistic regression analysis to identify the factors affecting the intake of functional foods, gender, age, marital status, illness state, alcohol drinking, and convenience-seeking type among dietary lifestyles were significant.

국가어항은 어촌경제의 핵심 거점으로, 전통적으로 수산업 활동을 지원하는 기능을 수행해 왔다. 그러나 현대에는 관광과 레크 리에이션 기능도 요구되고 있으며, 어항의 다기능화가 필요해지고 있다. 이에 따라 국가어항의 기능을 체계적으로 분류하고, 그 기능에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하는 것이 중요한 과제로 부각되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 국가어항의 기능을 분류하고, 각 기능에 미치는 주요 요인들을 실증 분석한다. 이를 통해 어항 기능을 극대화하고, 어촌경제와 지역사회 발전에 기여할 수 있는 전략을 제시하고자 한다. 연구 는 2021년 기준 115개 국가어항을 대상으로 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 국가어항은 기초어업형, 경제적 진흥형, 관광특화형, 취약형, 다목적형의 5가지 유형으로 분류되었다. 또한 다중회귀분석을 통해 수산 및 관광 기능에 미치는 주요 요인들을 도출하였다. 중도 매인 수, 관광매출액, 숙박시설 수, 항별 이용 면적 등이 관광과 수산 기능에 유의미한 영향을 미친다는 점을 확인하였다. 이 연구는 국가 어항의 다기능화를 위한 구체적인 요인들을 규명하고, 각 유형의 어항에 맞는 개발 전략을 제시할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공한다. 특히, 취 약형 어항에 대한 맞춤형 개발 전략이 필요이 중요한 과제로 제시되었다.

This study analyzes the discourse of Korean internet users regarding patient clothing and identifies the changes to structure and content of clothing resulting from infectious disease outbreaks. The analysis draws on texts from Korean blogs, internet cafes, and news articles from 2011 to 2021 related to patient clothing. Using Ucinet 5 and NodeXL 1.0.1 programs, network density, centrality, and cluster analyses were conducted using the Wakita–Tsurumi algorithm. Additionally, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling was applied using Python 3.7 to further explore thematic patterns within the discourse. Throughout the period of study, it was found that users consistently discussed the specific purpose and functionality of patient clothing. Following the outbreak of COVID-19, the distribution and influence of keywords related to the functional aspects of patient clothing, such as “hygiene and safety,” significantly increased. An increased focus was placed on elements such as functionality, activity, autonomy, hygiene, and safety during the pandemic as public health concerns grew. It can be seen that patients increasingly share their experiences online and hospitalization rates surge during health crises; this study provides valuable insights into how the design of patient clothing can be improved through various informatics techniques. It underscores the evolving perception of patient clothing as essential medical equipment during health emergencies. In addition, it offers practical guidance for enhancing designs that better reflect shifting societal concerns, particularly regarding health, safety, and patient comfort.

Ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs) are important plant transcription factors (TFs) that regulate plant responses against various abiotic stresses. However, little information of ERF genes involved in abiotic stress is available in petunia (Petunia ×hybrida). In this study, a petunia ERF gene, PhERF039, was cloned and functional analysis was performed. The quantitative PCR analysis revealed that PhERF039 was induced at the early stage of water deficit stress. Under-expression of PhERF039 (UE) exhibited rosette growth habit, higher number of branches, and delayed flowering compared to the wild type (WT). The UE petunia was evaluated under various volumetric water contents (θ): 0.25, 0.15, 0.10, or 0.05 m3·m-3 using an automated irrigation system. Transgenic plants did not delay plant wilting, but the θ for UE reached to the set point later than that for WT. A lower stomatal conductance was observed in UE than WT under all treatments. These results suggested that PhERF039 could be involved in plant responses under water deficit by regulating stomatal movements as well as branching pattern and flower development.

본 연구는 고령화 시대 노인들의 인지능력 향상을 위한 애플 리케이션 사례 분석 연구이다. App Store와 Play Store에서 ‘인 지’, ‘노인인지’, ‘인지 향상’, ‘인지 향상게임’을 조사 후 카테고 리 18개로 분류했다. 분류한 카테고리와 Lotca-G도구로 활용하 여 인지능력 특성 9가지를 도출했다. 연구자들의 인지 능력향 상 선행연구를 조사, 분석하고 인지능력 특성을 도출했다. App Store와 Play Store에서 ‘인지’, ‘노인인지’, ‘인지 향상’, ‘인지 향 상게임’을 조사 후 인지 능력향상 앱(App)을 분류했다. 분류한 인지 능력향상 앱(App)을 바탕으로 노인 인지능력 특성을 가지 고 노인의 인지능력 향상에 영향이 있는지 분석한다. 인지능력 향상 관련 선행연구를 살펴보면 대부분의 영역(집중력, 기억력, 사고력, 주의력, 지남력, 시지각 능력 등) 인지능력 향상됨을 을 확인할 수 있었다. 다만 나이가 드신 노인들은 순발력에서 향 상이 되지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 기능성 애플리케이션에서 도 인지능력 향상을 확인할 수 있었다. 선행연구에서의 인지능 력 특성보다 앱에서 더 많은 인지능력 특성이 표출되었다. 또 한 선행연구보다 색다르고 흥미를 유발하고 모든 남녀노소가 할 수 있게 난이도 조절, 개인별 기록, 적합한 정확한 난이도 수준을 볼 수 있다. 기능성 앱에서 정신 민첩성 능력, 감정조절 능력, 유연성, 도전적, 암산, 추론, 연산, 어휘력, 관찰력, 지적인 자극, 명상, 영어, 신체활동의 새로운 인지능력 특성 단어를 확 인할 수 있었다.

본 연구는 자일로올리고당의 과학적이고 체계적인 표준 화된 시험법을 마련하여 다양한 제형의 제품에 적용하고 자 하였다. 최적화된 시험법을 마련하기 위해 초음파 처 리 시간, 산 가수분해 시간 및 농도를 검토하여 전처리 방 법을 비교 평가하였으며, HPLC-UVD를 이용하여 시료 중 의 자일로올리고당을 분석하였다. 분석 시 1-phenyl-3- methyl-5-pyrazoline (PMP)으로 유도체화하고, photo diode array (PDA)가 장착된 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Nanospace SI-2)를 사용하였으며, 칼럼은 Cadenza C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 3 μm)이었으며, 이동상은 pH를 6.0으 로 맞춘 20 mM 인산완충용액과 아세토니트릴을 78:22 비 율로 혼합하여 사용하였고, 0.5 mL/min 유속으로 254 nm 로 하여 분석하였다. 건강기능식품 등 시험법 마련 표준 절차에 관한 가이드라인에 따라 밸리데이션을 수행하고, 표준화된 시험법을 이용하여 유통 중인 건강기능식품 대 상 품목에 대해 시험법 적용 여부를 확인하였다. 표준화 된 시험법은 자일로올리고당을 함유한 건강기능식품 품질 관리에 대한 신뢰성을 더 높일 것으로 본다.

본 연구는 그린커피빈추출물이 「건강기능식품의 기준 및 규격」에 추가로 등재될 경우를 대비하여 표준화된 클 로로겐산 시험법을 설정하고, 카페인이 동시 분석되도록 최적화하는 연구를 진행하였다. 최적화된 시험법을 마련 하기 위해 기기분석 및 전처리 조건을 비교·분석하여 클 로로겐산과 카페인을 30% 메탄올 추출하여 인산용액과 인산 함유 아세토니트릴으로 액체크로마토그래프를 통해 330 nm, 280 nm에서 분석하도록 시험법을 설정하였다. 시 험법 밸리데이션 결과, 직선성 정량범위 내에서 상관계수 (R2) 0.999 이상의 유의수준을 보였고, 클로로겐산과 카페 인 검출한계는 0.5와 0.2 μg/mL, 정량한계는 1.4와 0.4 μg/ mL로 나타났다. 정밀도와 정확도 결과는 AOAC 밸리데 이션 가이드라인를 통해 적합함을 확인하였고, 클로로겐 산 및 카페인 동시분석법을 최종적으로 마련하였다. 또한, 시제품과 유통제품을 통해 제형별 적용성 검토하여 클 로로겐산과 카페인을 동시에 정량 가능한 시험법임을 재확인하였다. 최적화된 시험법은 클로로겐산을 함유한 건강기능식품 품질관리에 대한 신뢰성을 더 높일 것으 로 본다.

Abstract Purpose : This study analyzed physical properties using 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) as an additive to improve functionality of hydrogel lens such as durability. It was checked whether HDDA can be applied as a crosslinking agent in place of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Methods : Polymerization used thermal polymerization and photopolymerization methods, and HDDA was added to each polymerization method at a ratio of 1∼20%. Optical and physical characteristics of the manufactured lens were evaluated by measuring spectral transmittance, refractive index, water content, tensile strength, contact angle, and AFM. Results : Regardless of the polymerization method, the tensile strength ranged from 0.232~0.408 kgf/mm2 in thermal polymerization and from 0.146~0.429 kgf/mm2 depending on the addition ratio of HDDA. In addition, as a result of using HDDA instead of EGDMA, it was confirmed that the physical characteristics of the lens were similar to that of EGDMA, and in the case of tensile strength, HDDA was much improved. Conclusion : HDDA has been shown to be effective in improving the functionality of hydrogel lens and to improve stability and durability. In addition, it is believed that it can be used in various ways as an ophthalmic material as well as a photopolymerization crosslinking agent. Key words : Crosslinking agent, Tensile strength, 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate, Hydrogel lens

The physical and antibacterial properties of ophthalmic lenses fabricated by copolymerization with hydrogel monomers using two types of graphene were measured, and their usability as contact lens materials was analyzed. For polymerization, silicone monomers, including SID-OH, 3-(methacryloxy)propyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, were used, and N,N-dimethylacetamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinking agent, and azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator were added. Also, graphene oxide nanoparticle (GON) and graphene nanoplate (GNP) were used as an additive, and the physical properties of the lenses fabricated after copolymerization were evaluated. The fabricated lenses satisfied the basic physical properties of general hydrogel contact lenses and showed the characteristics of lenses with high water content, and the disadvantage of very weak durability, due to low tensile strength. However, it was confirmed that the tensile strength and antibacterial properties were greatly improved by adding GON and GNP. With GON, the oxygen permeability and refractive index of the fabricated lenses were slightly improved. Therefore, it was determined that the graphene materials used in this study can be used in various ways as a contact lens material.

In this paper analyzed the features of how native Korean speakers (K) and native Vietnamese Korean learners (VKL) organize the Apology conversation, focusing on the functional phase. Based on the discourse analysis, a role play was conducted to collect data. In order to investigate the influence of social variables (social status, intimacy), learners' mother tongues and learners' Korean proficiency, different social variables were given in role-play situations, and learners' Korean proficiency was limited to intermediate and advanced levels. The results of analyzing conversations focusing on ‘Error Checking–Apology-Apology Acceptance’, which is the intermediate phase of Apology conversation, are as follows. First, in the Error Checking Phase, K tended to make indirect or preliminary remarks. In contrast, VKL immediately presented communication purposes, and advanced VKL tended to use indirect speech and additional statement. Second, in the Apology phase, the higher social status the other party has and the lower intimacy the two speakers has, the more passive K were. Interestingly, VKL showed the same pattern. For intermediate-level VKL, it was observed that the dialogue sequences were not completed. Third, in the Apology Acceptance phase, K repeatedly expressed apologies through complex dialogue sequences. However, VKL performed a concise conversation by simple dialogue sequences, and the intermediate-level VKL expressed ‘relief’ and ‘gratitude’.

Flammulina velutipes, known as winter mushroom in the family of Physalacriaceae, is the main edible and export mushroom with the third highest production after oyster and king oyster mushroom in Korea. However, as normal consumers regard F. velutipes as a simple subsidiary material, there is a limitation to increasing mushroom demand. In order to overcome the consumption limit and increase the differentiation of new varieties, it is necessary to breed varieties with enhanced functionality in consideration of consumer preferences. Therefore, the study was performed to analyze nutrient components and several useful functional substances with 26 genetic resources of F. velutipes. Analyses of inorganic compound(Ca, K, Mg) and 15 amino acids revealed that Strain 4148 had the highest content among the 26 strains. Beta-glucan, which increases immune activity and polyphenol, which exert antioxidant effects were higher in non-white strains than in white strains with a small number of exceptions. Among the five fatty acids, linoleic acid(an omega-6 fatty acid) and α-linolenic acid(an omega-3 fatty acid), were detected in six mushroom strains. α-linolenic acid, which was not found in five major mushrooms including oyster mushrooms, was identified in F. velutipes. The results of HPLC analysis showed that ‘Auram’ (Strain 4232) and ‘Baekseung’(Strain 4230) had the highest content of the stabilizing neurotransmitter GABA(15.38 μg/ml and 20.56 μg/ml, respectively) among non-white and white strains, respectively. Our findings provide useful information for breeding F. velutipes to obtain strains with enhanced functionality.

In this study, lenses are fabricated using various nanomaterials as additives to a silicone polymer made with an optimum mixing ratio and short polymerization time. In addition, PVP is added at a ratio of 1% to investigate the physical properties according to the degree of dispersion, and the compatibility with hydrophobic silicone and the possibility of application as a functional lens material are confirmed. The main materials are SIU as a silicone monomer, DMA, a hydrophilic copolymer, EGDMA as a crosslinking agent, and 2H2M as a photoinitiator. Holmium (III) oxide, Europium (III) oxide, aluminum oxide, and PVP are used. When Holmium (III) oxide and Europium (III) oxide are added based on the Ref sample, the characteristics of the lens tend to be similar overall, and the aluminum oxide shows a tendency slightly different from the previous two oxides. This material can be used as a silicone lens material with various nano oxides and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) acting as a dispersant.