Laparoscopy instrument requires blood vessel ligator to prevent blood leakage. Clip ligation device is widely used to prevent blood loss and secure surgical vision by using blood vessel ligator. However, in order to properly install the clip to the vessel ligator and ligate the blood vessel by the ligation machine, the device is properly operated and the parts constituting the jaw areas should be ensuring sufficient strength and rigidity during the operating. Therefore, the clip binding forces were calculated through a dynamic model of the blood vessel ligator. As a result, the force satisfies the target value of 8.5 N or more regardless of the grip force positions. And structural analysis was carried out to find out the maximum resistance force at the tip of the inner shaft. The maximum load was about 45.6 N, which sufficiently satisfies the development target of 40.0 N or higher.

The effect of motion taping on the grasping power of the wrist is investigated and here Based on the data obtained from the This study was conducted to provide a theoretical background for the study. Motion taping was performed on the wrist for middle-aged people between 50s and 60s, and the change in wrist gripping power through an electronic dynamometer was tested. According to the wrist grip test results, it was investigated that the application of motion taping has a great effect on the gripping power of the wrist. It is hoped that motion taping will be a tool to reduce musculoskeletal industrial accidents, and it will be helpful to improve the quality of life of workers by reducing the labor intensity or softening the wrist through motion taping.

본 연구는 전화코칭을 병행한 운동프로그램이 지역사회 거주 독거노인의 균형능력, 악력 및 우 울에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위한 단일집단 사전사후 원시실험연구이다. 연구대상자는 경기도 S시에 위치 한 노인복지관에 등록된 독거노인 20명이 참여하였으며, 자료수집기간은 2021년 7월 03일부터 2021년 10 월 14일까지 총 12회기 프로그램을 시행하였다. 프로그램 전후에 대상자 가정에 직접 방문하여 4단계 균형 검사, 근력검사, 악력 및 우울을 측정하였다. 중재 프로그램은 탄력밴드와 악력볼을 이용하여 구성하였으며 매주 전화코칭 중재를 제공하였다. 연구결과, 전화코칭을 병행한 운동 프로그램은 대상자의 4단계 균형기 능(3단계)(t=-2.37, p=.029), 4단계 균형기능(4단계)(t=-2.46, p=.024), 우측 악력(t=-2.18, p=.042), 우울 (t=2.82, p<.001)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 전화코칭을 병행한 운 동프로그램은 독거노인의 균형능력, 악력 향상 및 우울 감소를 위한 간호중재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기 대된다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to identify the availability of Grip-Tester, which can be used as continuous friction testers, for estimating the skid resistance of pavements by examining its basic performance. METHODS : Based on a literature review, various factors influencing skid resistance on road surfaces were described, and the subject to be evaluated were proposed. Friction tests were conducted at various operating speeds to assess the water supply performance, repeatability, and reproducibility of the measurement results. Both the British pendulum number (BPN) and mean texture depth (MTD) were examined to confirm the relationship between the Grip Number(GN) and surface texture. RESULTS : The results of the watering test indicate that more than 91% of valid measurements can be obtained at the maximum operating speed of 90 km/h to maintain a water film thickness of 0.25 mm. The repeatability and reproducibility of the measured GN were derived from the cross-correlation analyses to be 90.9% and 87.4%, respectively. It was found that the variations in GN values according to operating speeds follow an exponential model similar to the commonly known Penn State model, which can be considered to be due to the effect of texture on skid resistance. CONCLUSIONS : The grip tester is suitable for continuously surveying the skid resistance because GN datasets are reliable at variable operating speeds and correlate with the surface texture. This method may provide objective data for making decisions regarding the maintenance of skid resistance through periodic full-scale investigations with the tester in the future.

Background: The characteristics of lateral epicondylitis (LE) are muscle strength weakness and increased common extensor tendon (CET) thickness. Ultrasonography has recently been used to evaluate tendinopathy. Diamond taping (DT) is commonly used to manage patients with LE. However, no previous studies have investigated the effects of DT on CET thickness. Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DT applied around the lateral elbow on CET thickness, grip strength, and wrist extension force in healthy subjects. Methods: The subjects were 26 adults (13 male) in their twenties. First, the CET thickness was measured at rest. The CET thickness was measured by using ultrasonography at two points. The subjects were then instructed to perform maximal grip activities or maximal wrist extension activities before and after DT around the lateral elbow. The DT technique was applied using non-elastic tape. While the subjects performed maximal grip activities, the investigator measured the maximum grip strength (MGS) and CET thickness. Likewise, while the subjects performed maximal wrist extension activities, the investigator measured the maximum wrist extension force (MWEF) and CET thickness. Results: The MGS showed a statistically significant improvement after DT taping application in men (p < 0.05). The MWEF showed a statistically significant improvement after DT application in male (p < 0.01) and female (p < 0.05). When performing the activities, the CET thickness increased compared to that at rest. However, CET thickness didn’t show a statistically significant improvement before and after DT. Conclusion: This study shows that DT applied around the lateral elbow is effective in improving MGS and MWEF. However, it does not affect CET thickness.

본 연구는 테이핑 적용방법에 따른 근긴장도, 근경직도 및 악력의 변화를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 연구의 대상자는 20대 정상 성인 30명을 대상으로 하여 테이프를 늘리지 않고 붙이는 방법(non stretched taping)과 테이프를 늘려 붙이는 방법(stretched taping)을 통해 변인들을 측정하였다. 근긴장도와 근경직도는 Myoton pro 장비를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 악력계를 이용하여 악력을 측정하였다. 않은 자세에서 측정하였으며, 테이핑을 적용하기 전과 적용한 후를 대상자별로 임의로 순서를 정하여 측정하였고, 같은 동작에서 3번 측정하여 평균값을 사용하였다. 테이핑 적용에 따른 근긴장도, 근경직도 및 악력의 비교를 위하여 대응검정을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 중재 전·후에서 그룹간 차이를 보기 위하여 독립검정을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과 non stretched taping 적용과 stretched taping 적용 모두에서 근긴장도, 근경직도는 두 그룹 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보였으며, 악력은 두 그룹 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 그룹간 차이는 중재 전 근긴장도, 근경직도 및 악력은 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 중재 후 그룹간 차이는 근긴장도, 근경직도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 악력의 경우 통계적으로 두 그룹간 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, stretched taping 그룹에서 더 높은 값을 나타내었다. 테이핑 적용 방법에 따른 근긴장도와 근경직도, 악력의 차이가 있기 때문에 테이핑 방법을 잘 적용하여 사용한다면 근육의 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

This study aimed to measure the grip strength of the dominant and non dominant hands of right-handed normal adults in the supination, pronation, and neutral positions of the forearms. The subjects of this study were instructed to make the standard posture suggested by the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT) in order to minimize the impact of changes in the posture of the body as follows. The grips strength was statistically different between groups (p<.05). In the follow up test using Scheffe test, the grips in the neutral position and supinator position did not show any difference, while the grip in the pronation was smaller than those of the above two other positions. The grips of the mainly used forearm and non-mainly used forearm of the study target did not show any statistically significant difference in the neutral, supinator and pronation positions of the forearm. This study is expected to provide basic information for studying the impact of the positions of the forearms on grip strength, assessing the prehensility of patients in clinical settings, and setting therapeutic goals.ㅍ

The purpose of this study is to analyze the grip strength by the girth of upper arm and forearm and their muscle activities by duration of grip strength. The subjects were consisted of 20 healthy adults(10 males & 10 females) who had no medical history of neurological and surgical problems with their arms. Girth of upper arm/ forearm and maximum grip strength for 4sec and 30sec were measured. Muscle activity was by wireless electrode EMG system. Co-relation of girth of upper arm/ forearm was significantly high. Upper arm's muscle activity performed for 4sec and 30sec was significantly high. In this study. It suggests that training of upper arm should be performed with the training of grip strength because both of upper arm and forearm affected grip strength.

In using both hands, everyone dominantly use one hand and it is called left-handedness or right-handedness person. Measurements of grip and pinch strength provide objective indexes to represent functional integrity of the upper extremity. This study was conducted for thirty female college students(19 right-handedness and 11 lefthandedness). For assessment of the type of handedness, questionnaire was used; for grip strength, Jamar dynamometer was used; for pinch strength, Jamar pinch gauge was used. In right handedness, the grip and pinch strength of the dominant right hand was significantly higher than those of the non-dominant hand. In addition, regular exercises were shown to give influences on reduction of strength gaps between dominant and non-dominant hands. In both groups of left and right handedness, the grip and pinch strength of the dominant hand were significantly higher than those of the non-dominant hand, and regular exercises were shown to give influences on reduction of strength gaps between dominant and non-dominant hand.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 손잡이 굵기 변화에 따라 전완의 회전근력의 최대 힘 효율(peak torque), 총일량(total work), 평균파워(average power)가 각각의 굵기에서 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위함이다. 연구 방법 : 성인 남성 21명 대상으로 손잡이 굵기는 세 개(13, 16, 19cm)로 나뉘어 Biodex System 3 Pro dynamometer 등속성 근력 검사(isokinetic test)를 통해 각각의 손잡이 굵기에 대하여 2회씩 반복 측정된 측정값의 평균값을 분석에 사용하였다. 손잡이 굵기에 대하여 전완의 회내력과 회외력 값들 중에서 최대 힘 효율(peak torque), 총일량(total work), 평균파워(average power)들의 차이를 알아보았다. 결과 : 최소, 중간 그리고 최대 크기의 손잡이 굵기에 따른 최대 힘 효율, 총일량 그리고 평균파워가 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.01). 최소, 최대 크기의 손잡이 굵기에 비해 중간 크기의 손잡이 굵기에서 최대 힘 효율, 총일량 그리고 평균파워가 상대적으로 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 최대 힘 효율, 총일량 그리고 평균파워를 비교 분석해 보았을 때 회외 동작 시 중간과 최대, 최소와 중간 간에는 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p<.05), 최소와 최대 간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 최대 힘 효율, 총일량 그리고 평균파워를 비교 분석해 보았을 때 회내 동작 시 중간과 최대, 최소와 중간, 최소와 최대 간에는 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 결론 : 연구 결과 손잡이를 쥐고 있는 상태에서 전완의 회전근력 변화가 손잡이 굵기 변화에 따라 회내력과 회외력이 최소, 중간 그리고 최대 크기의 손잡이 굵기에서 최대 힘 효율, 총일량 그리고 평균파워가 유의한 차이가 나타난다는 것을 알게 되었다. 향후 성별에 따른 손잡이 굵기가 전완의 회전력에 미치는 영향과 양손을 따른 비교 연구하여 적절한 손잡이 굵기를 알아보는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Grip strength is an objective indicator for evaluating the functional movement of upper extremities. Therapists have been using it for a long time as an excellent barometer for evaluating the therapy process, therapeutic effects and prognosis of patients with injuries in upper extremities. This study investigated the effects of extensor pattern position and elastic taping of non-dominant hand on the grip strength of dominant hand among general adults. The subjects of this study were 23 males and 7 females from physical therapy departments of 3 Universities located in Busan who agreed to participate in the experiment and the resultant data were analyzed using SPSS version 12.0. The results of the study were as follows. First, there was a significant difference between the grip strength of dominant hand when the non-dominant hand was at the neutral position and that when the non-dominant hand was at the extensor pattern position and both hands were at the maximum strength simultaneously (Bonferroni-corrected p<.001). Second, there was a significant difference between the grip strength of dominant hand when the non-dominant hand was at the neutral position and that when the elastic taping of non-dominant hand was applied (Bonferroni-corrected p<.001). Third, there was no significant difference between the grip strength of dominant hand when the non-dominant hand was at the extensor pattern position and both hands were at the maximum strength simultaneously and that when the elastic taping of non-dominant hand was applied. The irradiation effects through the extensor pattern position of non-dominant hand and application of the elastic taping to non-dominant hand showed significant results in improving the maximum grip strength of dominant hand. This finding could be suggested as the probability for the indirect treatment of the upper extremities of hemiplegia and orthopedic patients due to the long-term fixing of upper extremities.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 정신지체인의 악력, 들어올림, 운반에 대한 기준값을 제시하고, 악력과 들어올림, 운반의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 정신지체로 장애 등록되어 있는 남녀 총 55명을 대상으로 8개월간 BTE사의 테스트(Transportable Evaluation Systems Technology: TEST)를 사용하여 악력, 들어올림, 운반을 평가하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 13.0으로 분석 처리하였다. 결과 : 연구결과는 다음과 같다; 첫째, 악력과 들어올림, 운반은 동일 연령 대에서 정신지체인 남자와 여자의 두 집단 간에는 모두 남자가 여자보다 높았고, 통계적으로 유의하게 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 남자와 여자의 두 집단 내에서 연령별 악력과 들어올림, 운반은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 둘째, 정신지체인 남자 집단 내에서 왼손과 오른손의 악력은 들어올림과 상관관계가 있었고(각각 r=0.38, r=0.43), 들어올림은 운반과 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.38). 셋째, 정신지체인 여자 집단 내에서 왼손과 오른손 악력은 들어올림과 상관관계가 있었다(각각 r=0.49, r=0.57). 들어올림은 운반과 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.66). 결론 : 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 정신지체인의 육체적 능력을 정확히 평가하고, 적합한 직무에 배치될 수 있도록 직업재활서비스가 제공되어야 할 것이다.

Grip strength provides a quick and objective index of the functional integrity of the upper extremities. It is widely used as an assessment measure in physical and rehabilitation medicine. In this study, maximum voluntary grip strength of 20 college students wearing 5 different gloves were measured using Jamar hand dynamometer. The results show that maximum voluntary grip strength was generally reduced when wearing gloves as compared to bare-handed. More specifically, the grip strength was highest when wearing PVC coated glove or bare-handed and getting lowered as wrist band, rubber, leather, and cotton glove in these order. Depending on the measuring posture of grip strength, shoulder height with arm extended forward was higher than the elbow was flexed 90 degree. Moreover, subjects' demographic factors and hand dimensions were not closely related to the grip strength. It is thus recommended that the proper glove should be provided to reduce the negative consequences including dropping a tool, poorer control of a tool. lower quality work, and increased muscle fatigue and in turn to increase the user safety and satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is to find the standard value of hand width, of grip strength and of pinch strength by age, sex, and by left hand and right hand and also to find how the general characteristics influences grip strength and pinch strength. Martin Vigorimeter (List No. 17-27-01) was used for measuring grip strength, and the pinch gauge (0∼30 lbs) of B&L engineering for measuring pinch strength. The subjects of this study are the children at the age of three to seven years, who attending the babies' play room, kindergarten and the primary school in Seoul and the Kyungki province area. They all were normally developed without any significant neurology problem. wo hundred girls and two hundred boys were partifipated in this study. They were divided into ten subgroups according to the age of six month interval. Each group consisted of forty children of twenty boys and twenty girls. Analysis of data presents the technical statistics upon the hand width of right and left hand and the grip strength and pinch strength according to the age and sex. Multiple regression analysis using mixed liner model was operated in order to find how the general characteristics (of the age, sex, and side of hand) influence hand width, grip strength, and pinch strength individually. Also, we calculated the correlation among hand width, grip strength and pinch strength under the condition of controlling general characteristics; and to find correlation between the right hand and the left hand of the age and sex, we carried out paired t-test and came to the conclusion as follows: 1.　Hand width is significantly increased with the increase of age (p<0.01). The increase of hand width according to age, boy is wider than that of girl significantly (p<0.01), and the right hand is wider than that of the left hand significantly (p<0.01). 2.　Grip strength is significantly increased as the age and hand width increased (p<0.01). The increase of grip strength according to the age, boy is stronger than that of girl significantly (p<0.01), and grip strength of the right hand is stronger than that of the left hand(p<0.01). 3.　Three-jaw pinch strength is increased as the age, hand width and grip strength are increased(p<0.01). But there is no significant difference of three-jaw pinch strength according to sex and the side of hand(p>0.05). 4.　Tip pinch strength is significantly increased as the age and grip strength are increased(p<0.05). The increase of tip pinch strength according to the age, boy is stronger than that of girl significantly (p<0.05), but there is no significant difference between the right hand and the left hand(p>0.05). 5.　Lateral pinch strength is significantly increased as the age and grip strength are increased(p<0.01). But the increase of lateral pinch strength, there is no significant difference according to the hand width, sex and the side of hand(p>0.05). 6.　The test of correlation among hand width, grip strength and pinch strength showed the correlation between grip strength and pinch strength was stronger than the correlation between hand width and pinch strength(0.3<r<0.7). There was strong correlation between each pinch strength(0.3<r<0.7). Above all, the correlation of three-jaw pinch strength and tip pinch strength was strongest(0.7<r<1.0). 7.　The test of hand width according to the age and sex, and the difference between the right hand and the left hand in grip strength and pinch strength showed that there was significant difference against all the test of hand width, of grip strength, and of pinch strength in the age group from seven years and six months to seven years and eleven months than the age group under six years, specially in girls group(p<0.05).

이 연구의 목적은 우세한 손과 그렇지 않은 손에서 방사효과가 악력에 어떤 영향을 미치는가 알아보는데 있다. 연구대상은 의료기관에 있는 30명이며 연령은 세, 체중분포 kg이며, 신장은 cm 이었다. 연구 대상자들의 악력은 4가지 다른 조건에서 측정되어졌다. 첫째 조건은, 방사효과가 잠재적으로 가능한 상태에서 우세한 손의 최대악력을 측정, 둘째 조건은, 방사효과가 잠재적으로 불가능한 상태에서 우세한 손의 최대악력을 측정, 셋째 조건은, 방사효과가 잠재적으

In robotic harvesting, a gripper to manipulate the fruits needs to be attached to the robot system. We proposed a flexible robot gripper that can actively respond to the shape of an object such as fruits in the previous work. However, we found that there is a possibility of not being reliably gripped when the object slides during contact with a finger. In this paper, the improved gripper design is proposed to fundamentally solve the problems of the previous gripper. The position of the finger and the maximum closed position are changed, and the design improvement is performed to increase the grip stability by changing the installation angle of the link portion of the finger. Based on the improved design, a modified gripper is fabricated by 3-D printing, and then gripping experiments are performed on spherical object and fruit model object. It is shown that the gripper can stably grip the objects without excessive bending of the finger link of the gripper. The contact pressure between the finger and the surface of the object is measured, and it is verified that it is a sufficiently small pressure that does not cause damage to the fruit. Therefore, the proposed gripper is expected to be successfully applied in harvesting.

본 연구는 지적장애학생들에게 화훼장식을 이용한 원예치료프로그램이 이들의 직업재활에 효과가 있는지 검증하기 위해 대전광역시 소재 K고등학교 일반학급에 재학중인 지적장애학생 8명을 대상으로 1차시기 2008년 3월부터 7월까지, 2차시기 2008년 9월부터 12월까지 매주 월요일 2시간씩 총 30회기에 걸쳐 화훼장식을 이용한 원예치료프로그램를 실시하고 지적장애학생들의 대인관계, 우울, 사회행동, 악력 변화를 측정하여 비교하였으며, 연구결과를 통해 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다.첫째, 화훼장식을 이용한 원예치료프로그램은 지적장애학생의 대인관계를 향상시키는 효과가 있었다. 원예치료프로그램을 실시한 지적장애학생의 대인관계를 분석한 결과에 있어 매우 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p=.000), 대인관계 하위요인 만족감(p=.003), 의사소통(p=.000), 신뢰감(p=.001), 친근감(p=.003), 민감성(p=.003), 개방성(p=.000), 이해성(p=.000) 모두에서도 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다.둘째, 화훼장식을 이용한 원예치료프로그램은 지적장애학생의 우울을 감소시키는 효과가 있었다. 원예치료프로그램을 실시한 지적장애학생의 우울을 분석한 결과에 있어 매우 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p=.000), 우울 하위요인 부정적인 태도(p=.000), 수행상의 어려움(p=.001), 신체적 요소(p=.002) 모두에서도 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다.셋째, 화훼장식을 이용한 원예치료프로그램은 지적장애학생의 사회행동을 향상시키는 효과가 있었다. 원예치료프로그램을 실시한 지적장애학생의 사회행동을 분석한 결과에 있어 매우 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p=.000), 사회행동 하위요인 언어적 행동(p=.000), 비언어적 행동(p=.006), 대화의 내용(p=.000) 모두에서도 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다.넷째, 화훼장식을 이용한 원예치료프로그램은 지적장애학생의 악력을 증가시키는 효과가 있었다. 원예치료프로그램을 실시한 지적장애학생의 악력을 분석한 결과에 있어 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다(p=.043).따라서 본 연구의 화훼장식을 이용한 원예치료프로그램은 지적장애학생이 직업을 가지고 직업생활을 유지하기 위해 필요한 학생 개개인의 독특한 행동요소들을 개선시키고 직업적응력을 향상 시킬 수 있는 효과적인 치료방법이며, 훈련방법임을 보여준다.