In the case of the Pohang earthquake, which had a magnitude of 5.4 in 2017, geotechnical damages such as liquefaction and ground settlement occurred. The need for countermeasures has emerged, and experimental research in the Pohang area has continued. This study collected undisturbed samples from damaged fine-grained soil areas where ground settlement occurred in Pohang. Cyclic tri-axial tests for identifying the dynamic characteristics of soils were performed on the undisturbed samples, and the results were analyzed to determine the cause of ground settlement. As a result of the study, it was determined that in the case of fine-grained soils, ground settlement occurred because the seismic load as an external force was relatively more significant than the shear resistance of the very soft fine-grained soils, rather than due to an increase in excess pore water pressure.

Background: Swallowing disorder is a common disease that can cause various complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and poor quality of life, and can affect people of all ages, from infants to the elderly. Swallowing disorder rehabilitation is a complex process involving various skills such as exercise, diet modification, and posture adjustment. This study implements a rehab program for swallowing disorders using the Kinesio Tapping technique. Design: Prospective pilot case study. Objectives: To improve laryngeal detachment by providing external support to the muscles involved in swallowing using kinesio taping for conventional complex swallowing disorder rehabilitation. Methods: The study included 16 participants who were diagnosed with swallowing difficulties after a stroke and admitted to a rehabilitation ward in Ulsan. The average age of the participants, consisting of 9 males and 7 females, was 69.0 years (SD=1.23) and 64.0 years (SD=1.45), respectively. The stroke types were hemorrhagic and infarction, with onset periods ranging from 6 to 12 months (SD=1.11) in all participants. Each participant received a video fluoroscopy study (VFSS) for six months using the taping method developed by the research team. Kinesio taping techniques were developed by two professional physical therapists and one occupational therapist based on anatomical movements. Results: Significant differences were observed in self-training on the bed after the rehabilitation program compared to the initial period Kinesio taping can help improve laryngeal dislocation and reduce the risk of aspiration by providing external support to the muscles involved in swallowing. However, the effectiveness and optimal application techniques of kinesio taping in the rehabilitation of swallowing disorders are not yet clear. Conclusion: The results of this study could lead to the development of a new treatment protocol that incorporates kinesio taping as a standard therapy for the rehabilitation of swallowing disorders in bedridden patients.

This research was conducted to reduce the defect rate caused by nozzle clogging of printing heads used in binder jet 3D printers. The binder jet 3D printing technology may adhere to the printing head nozzle by dispersing powder due to mechanical operation such as transferring the printing head and supplying powder, and may cause nozzle clogging by natural curing at the nozzle end depending on the type of binder used. To solve this problem, this study created a cleaning module exclusively for printing heads to check whether the durability of printing heads is improved through analysis of printing results before and after using the cleaning module. To this end, this research used a thermal bubble jet printing head, and the used powder was studied using gypsum powder.

Among the Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, the Binder-Jetting printing technology is a method of spraying an adhesive on the surface of powder and laminate layer by layer. Recently, this technique has become a major issue in the production of large casting products such as ship-building, custom vehicles and so on. In this study, we performed research to make actual mold castings and increase mechanical property by using special sand and water-based binders. For use as a mold, it has a strength of more than 3MPa and permeability. Various experiments were carried out to obtain suitable them. The major process parameters were binder jetting volume, binder types, layer thickness and heat treatment condition. As a result of this study, the binder drop quantity was measured to be about 60 pico-liter, layer thickness was 100μm and the heat treatment condition was measured about 1,000℃ and compressive strength were measured to be more than 5MPa. The optimum condition of this experiment was established through actual casting of aluminum. The equipment used in this study was a Freeforms T400 model (SFS Co., Ltd.), and the printing area of 420 * 300 * 250mm and resolution of 600dpi can be realized.

부선의 50퍼센트 이상은 선박검사를 ‘무인부선’으로 받고 있다. 무인부선의 두드러진 이점은 유인부선에 비해 약 25퍼센트의 건현에 해당되는 화물을 더 적재할 수 있다는 것이다. 한편, 무인부선에도 항해 중에 선석 접안과 이안, 투묘와 양묘, 항해등화의 점등과 소등 등과 같은 업무를 담당할 선원이 필요하다. 피상적인 인식은 예인선이 부선 운항에 대한 책임을 진다는 것이지만, 부선 운항자가 예 선을 용선하는 경우처럼 다른 사례들도 다수 있다. 특정 계약관계에서는 예선이 부선의 운송인에 불과할지라도 예선 선장은 그 운송계약 (항해)을 완성하여야 하는 의무를 이행하여야 한다. 상당수의 예선 선장은 부선 제원과 선두 정보를 제공받지 못하고 있으며, 이러한 형태 는 선장의 권한을 존중하지 않는 것이며 관련 법령을 의도하지 않게 위반하게 된다. 이 연구는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 정책적 접근을 통해 무인부선을 유인부선화하고, 승무정원증서를 발급받도록 하며, 부선과 선두의 정보를 예선 선장에게 제공하는 등 세 가지 개 선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이러한 제안을 통하여 선두의 권리를 개선하고, 법령(최대승선인원) 위반 부담을 해소하며, 예선 선장의 권한 을 보장할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

2017년, 스트리밍 서비스의 매출이 세계 음악 소비의 38.4%, 66억 달러에 이름으로써 스트리밍 서비스가 처음으로 음악 산업 최대 수입원이 되었다. 스트리밍 방식이 음악 저작물 소비 경향의 주류가 되자, 저작권자 및 실연자가 정당한 몫을 받지 못하고 있다는 문제가 더욱 부각되었다. 소비자가 음원 파일 자체를 영구적으로 소유하게 되는 다운로드 방식과 달리, 일정한 기간 동안 재생하기만 하는 스트리밍 방식의 이용료가 상대적으로 저렴한 까닭에 자연히 음원 1회 재생당 발생하는 매출액 자체가 낮아지므로, 스트리밍 서비스 이용 비중이 높아질수록 저작권자와 실연자에게 돌아가는 몫은 더 적어지기 때문이다. 현재는 음원 창작에 직접적으로 관여하지 않은 음원서비스업체가 음원 스트리밍 서비스로 인한 수익을 가장 많이 가져가고 있어, 음원 유통 및 수익 분배 구조에 문제가 있다는 견해가 많은 것으로 보인다. 현재 40%인 음원서비스업체에게 돌아가는 수익 분배율을 낮춤으로써, 음원서비스업체 스스로 음원 서비스 제공에 소요되는 비용을 절감할 수 있는 새로운 형태의 플랫폼을 개발하거나, 블록체인 기술 등을 적용한 대안적 플랫폼이 등장 하도록 유도하여 작곡⋅작사가, 실연자의 수익분 배율을 높이는 방안이 실용적인 해결책이 될 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구에서는 기존에 제안되었던 공정 중심 모델링 방법을 개선하여 조선소의 다양한 생산 정보와 제약조건을 효과적으 로 표현할 수 있도록 개선된 공정 중심 시뮬레이션 모델링 방법을 제안하였다. 그리고 이를 이용하여 시뮬레이션 모델을 구축할 수 있도록 다이어그램 구성 요소와 모델링 방법을 상세히 기술하였다. 이 모델링 방법에서는 복수의 제품과 설비가 공정에 투입되었을 때 우선순위를 지정할 수 있으며, 계층 구조를 가진 시뮬레이션 모델을 표현할 수 있도록 레이어 개념이 적용되어 있다. 그리고 조선 소 생산 계획 정보를 바탕으로 절단 공정부터 대조립 블록 조립 공정까지를 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법으로 모델링하다. 이를 통하여 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법이 단일 설비가 여러 용도로 사용되는 경우에 기존의 모델링 방법에 비하여 유리한 것을 확인하였다. 결과 적으로, 개선된 공정 중심 시뮬레이션 모델링 방법은 기존의 공정 중심 시뮬레이션 모델링 방법에서 표현하기 힘들었던 제약 조건과 흐름을 효과적으로 표현할 수 있으며, 계층 구조를 가진 조선소 생산 계획 검증 시뮬레이션 모델을 체계적으로 구축하는데 활용할 수 있다.

CE RCD (Recreational Craft Directive) is a certification for the design and construction of small vessels, including pleasure yachts, which are widely used not only in the countries within the European Union, but also in Japan and Southeast Asia. Recently, South Korean leisure craft shipyards have developed interest in exporting to foreign leisure craft markets such as Europe; however, they have encountered difficulties because of the CE RCD regulations, which are relatively complex and difficult to understand. The requirements for buoyancy and stability, which are essential properties that must be understood within the early stage of ship design, are defined based on ISO 12217. However, preparing this assessment according to ship classification regulations is an exceedingly complex task, even with knowledge of naval architecture. In this research, we have developed design support tools to systematically support assessments and preemptively define design information so that buoyancy and stability assessments based on ISO 12217 can be systematically prepared. Our research results were applied to actual examples of yacht design to confirm validity. We believe that the improved yacht design process presented in this research can act as a foundational reference for enhancing the effectiveness and systematic buoyancy and stability assessments.

The objective of this study is to improve safe execution of the management plan in Construction Technology Promotion Act. This research addresses the issue how to prevent the collapse of facilities under construction and after completion, improve the examination system, and execute Improvement of Safety Management Plan. To achieve this goal, research providing insights into understanding the ways in which creating and presenting safety checks and deploying safety training measures effectively is imperative.

Ensemble classification involves combining individually trained classifiers to yield more accurate prediction, compared with individual models. Ensemble techniques are very useful for improving the generalization ability of classifiers. The random subspace ensemble technique is a simple but effective method for constructing ensemble classifiers; it involves randomly drawing some of the features from each classifier in the ensemble. The instance selection technique involves selecting critical instances while deleting and removing irrelevant and noisy instances from the original dataset. The instance selection and random subspace methods are both well known in the field of data mining and have proven to be very effective in many applications. However, few studies have focused on integrating the instance selection and random subspace methods. Therefore, this study proposed a new hybrid ensemble model that integrates instance selection and random subspace techniques using genetic algorithms (GAs) to improve the performance of a random subspace ensemble model. GAs are used to select optimal (or near optimal) instances, which are used as input data for the random subspace ensemble model. The proposed model was applied to both Kaggle credit data and corporate credit data, and the results were compared with those of other models to investigate performance in terms of classification accuracy, levels of diversity, and average classification rates of base classifiers in the ensemble. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed model outperformed other models including the single model, the instance selection model, and the original random subspace ensemble model.

We studied the changes in the concentration of total volatile organic compounds generated in newly-built schools (five kindergarten schools, two primary schools, three middle schools, one high school) by the bake-out. Samples were collected in classrooms. By using the bake-out technique the removal efficiency of total volatile organic compounds was 89.1%(maximum) and 27.5%(minimum). By using this bake-out technique the removal efficiency was 42.5% greater than the ventilation method. Therefore, we determined that it is appropriate to apply both the bake-out and ventilation methods in the case of newly-built schools

지식기반 경제시대를 맞이하여 국가 간 경쟁이 치열해지고 있는 가운데 R&D 연구결과물에 대한 기술이전 사업화 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 기술이전 사업화를 위해선 기술개발자와 사업화주체인 기업간 이전비용에 대한 협의가 선행되어야 한다. 이전비용의 협의과정에서 기술가치 평가기관의 결과물이 활용되고 있으나, 결과물에 대한 신뢰성 문제는 기술이전 시장의 활성화에 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사업화주체가 확정되지 않은 이전대상 기술에 대한 기술가치평가 신뢰성 제고방법에 대해 논한다. 제안하는 방법은 개관적인 기술 및 시장자료 등을 활용하여 발생 가능한 사업화 환경 시나리오에 대한 기술가치평가 결과물들을 그래프 형태로 도식화하여 제공하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 기술개발자와 수요자는 도출된 가치평가 정보를 활용하여 기술이전 거래금액의 적정성을 판단할 수 있게 될 것이며, 이를 통해 기술이전 거래가 활성화 될 것으로 기대된다.

교류형 플라스마 디스플레이에서 고정된 기입전압 및 기입시간 내에서 기입 방전특성 향상 및 화면 셀에서의 플라스마 방전을 성공시키기 위해서 각 라인의 주사 펄스를 중첩시키는 중첩 주사파형 및 그의 구동회로를 제안한다. 플라스마 디스플레이에서 기입기간 동안 한 펄스의 인가 시간이 길어지면 기입 방전이 펄스폭 내에 안정적으로 발생하고 벽전하가 많이 쌓이게 되어 저전압 및 고속구동이 가능하지만 전체 시간은 정해져 있으므로 시간을 무한정 늘릴 수 없다. 만약 고정된 기입기간 내에서 주사 파형의 펄스폭을 늘이고 그것을 중첩시킨다면 제한된 짧은 기입시간 조건하에서 플라스마 방전이 안정적으로 발생할 수 있다. 그러나 종래의 주사 구동 방법에서는 기입기간 동안 주사전압과 기입전압이 동시 인가되어 기입 방전이 발생되고 주사파형은 순차적으로 하나의 파형인가가 끝나면 다음 파형이 인가되기 때문에 종래의 구동방법으로는 중첩파형을 만들기가 불가능하다. 제안된 중첩주사 구동방법은 주사 드라이버에서 주사 IC의 동작을 홀수와 짝수로 나누어서 주사파형의 중첩이 가능하도록 했으며, 그 결과 동일 기입시간 내에서 플라스마 방전이 안정적으로 발생하였고 최소 기입전압을 약 10V 감소시킬 수 있었다.

The defense M&S (Modeling and Simulation) techniques are being used by the ROK Army for developing the efficiency and economics of national defense at operational level. But the problem we have found is the lack of interoperability and reusability in defe

In this paper we discuss the problems related with the existing electrical safety system that is influenced by all the socio-technical factors including the electrical safety law, government organizations, and their practicing rules and regulations. Sometimes intangible practices also affect the safety issues. It is our intention to incorporate all those factors effectively and systematically in improving the electrical safety system. Since, the problem in nature is so complex, an approach based on the systems engineering (SE) method could be a good candidate. Specifically, as a first step of the SE process we performed the requirements analysis of all the factors mentioned above and some recommendations from the experts in the field. In the work environment utilizing a computer-aided SE tool, the requirements are verified and managed efficiently although the data base is complicated in general in tracking the changes. Next, by analyzing the verified requirements, a functional architecture is developed to achieve an improved electrical safety system. We also did the reverse engineering of the existing electrical safety system to explore potential problems there. The result can also help improve the existing one. Overall, a systematic approach to constructing electrical safety system based on SE is proposed for the first time in this paper. Note that the method described here can be adopted in the study of other safety systems.

An industrial injury prevention has a basis on fundamental spirit of human respect rather than only injury prevention in company. The employer should recognize employee as a core part of an industrial management and use as a starting point of safety and health management rather than means of production. There are many reason for unsafety action without safety operation. The reason is no standard safety operation in company or the workers never get a enough education. Standard safety operation is prepared by paper for accurate directions and orders and operators must read the paper to prevent an error of action. Also an essential particular is safety of equipment and machine must be assumed to establish standard safety operation then safety of operations will be possible.