Currently, the social networks of the rural areas which may have the low social vitality are insufficient or absent, due to the industrialization according to the growth oriented economic policy of China; the farmers’ organizations(FOs) for forming or restoring the social relations can be the alternative. Recently, the government of China increased the policy support regarding the FOs of which the representative example is the Specialized Farmers Cooperatives. Thus, it is necessary to understand and support the FOs that is the gathering of lots of farmers, which is the most fundamental factor of the systematization, for reaching the strengthening the FOs competitiveness which is the policy goal of China government. In this context, the intention of participating in the Specialized Farmers Cooperatives and the preferred types of FOs in Húnchūn were investigated.

본 연구는 『인성교육진흥법』(2015)에서 제시하고 있는 인성 관련 역량 중 공동체역량을 중심으로 하여 학교에서 이루어지는 학생의 경험 가운데 이를 진작시키는 요인을 탐색하여 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 공동체역량의 하위 요인을 규칙준수, 봉사활동인식, 공동체의식으로 조작적으로 정의하였으며, 「한국교육종단연구 2013」의 1차년도(2013년) 자료의 특성을 반영한 2수준 다층모형(Hierarchical Linear Model : HLM)을 설정하 였다. 분석결과, 초등학생의 공동체역량 수준 차이는 상당 수준 학생 수준에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 학생 수준 투입변수인 부모-자녀 상호작용, 부모의 학업적지원은 공동체역량에 정적인 영향을 일관되게 주는 것으로 분석되었다. 학생 수준 과정변수인 교사와의 관계, 교우관계, 학교 동아리활동, 운동시간은 모두 학생의 공동체역량에 정적인 영향을 주었으며 학업/시험 부담감의 경우에는 부적인 영향을 미쳤다. 학교 수준 과정변수인 교사열의, 교사성 취압력은 공히 학생의 공동체역량과 관련이 있었다. 교사열의는 규칙준수와 봉사활동인식, 교사성취압력은 공동체 의식에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 학교폭력 정도는 봉사활동인식을 제외하고 규칙준수, 공동체의식에 공통적으로 부적인 영향을 주었다.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of consumers' innovativeness, perceived benefits of home shopping mobile apps, and satisfaction with telephone orders on switching to and satisfaction with such apps (for those who have used these apps). This study also investigated the influence of the aforementioned factors on the intention to switch to home shopping mobile apps (for those who have not used these apps). Data were collected from 546 customers ranging in age from 18 to 59 with experience purchasing fashion goods from home shopping networks, and 502 of the questionnaires were used in the statistical analyses. Structure equation models were employed using AMOS 23.0. The results were as follows: for consumers experienced with home shopping mobile apps, their innovativeness and perceived benefits of such apps (convenience, usefulness) influenced their switching behavior. Additionally, consumers' innovativeness and perceived benefits of these apps (usefulness, accessibility, interactiveness) affected their satisfaction with the apps. For those not experienced with home shopping mobile apps, consumers' innovativeness and perceived benefits of the apps (interactiveness, security, enjoyment) influenced their intention to switch to these apps. These results indicate that different strategies should be developed for home shopping consumers experienced and inexperienced with these apps for the improvement of app satisfaction.

후쿠시마 원자력 발전소 사고 이후 한국 정부는 일본북부지역에서 생산되는 수산물 수입을 금지하였다. 한국과 일본 사이 수산물 분쟁은 아직 진행중이며 소비자들은 식품안전에 위협을 받고 있다. 이 연구는 소비자의 일본수산물에 대한 위험인식과 위험행동에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 밝히기 위함이다. 이를 위해 2012년 9월부터 10월까지 1,500명의 성인을 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였다. 분석결과 일본산 수산물에 대한 위험인식에서 감정의 역할이 확인되었는데, 일본산 수산물에 대해 부정적인 감정을 느끼고 있는 개인은 해당 제품에 대한 위험 인식이 높았다. 또 부정적인 감정은 수산물 구입행동에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 운명주의적 성향은 수산물 구입행동에 유의한 변수가 아닌 것으로 나타났다.

The objective of this study is to investigate indoor radon concentrations and identify influencing factors for one of the representative house type in South Korea. We surveyed 3,000 detached houses using alpha track (raduet) between November 2013 and March 2014. The Arithmetic mean radon concentration of the houses studied was 147.9 Bq/m3 (GM=106.4 Bq/m3), and the range was 11.8 to 1,936.6 Bq/m3. The Arithmetic mean radon concentration in living rooms was 134.2 Bq/m3 (GM=98.8 Bq/m3), much higher value compar with the Arithmetic mean radon concentration in bedrooms (153.0 Bq/m3). The year of constructon, basement status, ventilation frequency and heating period in a house were identified as major factors influencing indoor radon concentrations. The indoor radon concentrations in houses that were constructed prior to 1990 and that had basements were higher than those in the comparison groups. On the other hand, houses that were frequently ventilated and had a short heating period showed a tendency toward lower indoor radon concentration.

Recently, there has been an increase in wellbeing marketing, which focuses on increasing consumer life satisfaction or consumers’ sense of subjective wellbeing. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify which aspects contribute to consumer life satisfaction. In order to provide additional insights into consumer life satisfaction, this study aimed to identify the relationships among social psychological variables (consciousness of social face, social interaction anxiety, and career anxiety), shopping confidence, and life satisfaction. Shopping confidence in this study relates to confidence for clothing/ accessories. It was hypothesized that social psychological variables influence life satisfaction not only directly but also indirectly through shopping confidence. Data were gathered by surveying university students in Seoul, using convenience sampling. Two hundred eighty six questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. Factor analysis of consciousness of social face revealed two factors, ‘desire to gain face’ and ‘fear of losing face’. Factor analysis of social interaction anxiety, shopping confidence, and life satisfaction revealed that these variables were uni-dimensional. Test of the hypothesized path showed that all social psychological variables influenced life satisfaction indirectly through shopping confidence, whereas ‘fear of losing face’ of consciousness of social face and career anxiety influenced life satisfaction directly. The results give marketers some understanding of their consumers' life satisfaction in relation to consciousness of social face, social interaction anxiety, career anxiety, and shopping confidence.

The influencing factors to remove phosphate were evaluated by converter slag (CS). Experiments were performed by batch tests using different CS sizes and column test. Solutions were prepared at the different pH and concentrations. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained over 98% with the finest particle size, CSa within 2 hours in batch tests. The removal efficiency was increased in the order of decreasing size with same amount of CS for any pH of solutions. The adsorption data were well fitted to Freundlich isotherm. From the column experiment, the specific factors were revealed that the breakthrough removal capacity (BRC) xb/mcs, was decreased by increasing the influent concentration. The breakthrough time, tb was lasted shorter as increasing the influent concentration. The pH drop simultaneously led to lower BRC drop during the experimental hours. The relation between the breakthrough time and the BRC to influent concentration was shown in the logarithmic decrease. Results suggested that the large surface area of CS possessed a great potential for adsorptive phosphate removal. Consequently particle size and initial concentration played the major influencing factors in phosphate removal by converter slag.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze factors indicating preventive removal of mandibular third molars by determining associated symptoms, pathologies, eruption state, position and angulation types of mandibular third molars. Study design: A retrospective study was made of 436 patients(200 females, 236 males), aged between 12 and 81 years (mean: 29.93 years) undergoing panoramic radiographic examinations. Total 700 mandibular third molars were analyzed. They were divided by age, sex, position and angulation of mandibular third molars, bony coverage, and associated pathologies- caries, pericoronitis, periodontitis, cyst, root resorption of adjacent teeth. Results: Among 409 pathologies associated with mandibular third molars, pericoronitis accounted for 34.2%(140 cases), which was the most common lesion, caries in the second and third molars for 28.9%, caries in the second molars for 11%(45 cases). Periodontitis showed in 7%(29 cases). In 4 cases, root resorption of adjecent tooth showed. The position which showed predominant pathologic lesion according to the Pell and Gregory classification was ⅡA(86.5%), followed by ⅡB(71.6%). Mandibular third molars without bony coverage(64.8%) showed pathologies frequently. Conclusions: The removal of mandibular third molars must be determined by the perceived risk if the teeth are not removed. The position and inclination of the third molars, bony coverage, age and sex of patients can be the important evidence in the decision making process.

Global depression has brought the Korean economy into the period of low growth. The notion of lifetime employment has long crumbled, while economic recession is gradually taking away quality jobs. Furthermore, the average lifespan for the population has neared 100, while baby-boomer retirement is swinging into high gear. The simultaneous inrush of social and economic problems is threatening our wellbeing. However, there has been insufficient amount of research conducted on the factors that influence the satisfaction with lectures in lifelong education designed to address the problems. If we look at the earlier studies, most of them are on the satisfaction with lectures in regular courses. Our society demands that jobs be created for retirees including the baby boomers and that quality jobs be provided for those who want to go back to work after they have withdrawn from previous employment. In this light, the current study aims to bring light on the causal relation between the influential factors and variables involved in the satisfaction of lectures of non-degree programs with a view to solving those problems, and suggests the need to draw up marketing strategy that uses it. Specifically, the purpose and method of this study are as follows. First, to develop variables to be used in this study through in-depth interviews with field staff in the industry and training staff. Second, to identify predisposing factors that influence the satisfaction with the lectures of non-degree programs. Third, to identify the variables mediating predisposing factors and satisfaction with lectures. Fourth, to propose marketing strategy for non-degree programs using the results of the study. As identified through this study, the influencing factors for satisfaction with lectures are physical environment, composition of contents, and instructor ability and attitude, while mediating variables are interaction and immersion in lectures. If these factors are reflected in education, a higher level of satisfaction with lectures will be ensured for business starting youths, retirees, and those who want to have some other job after withdrawing from their previous ones. Educational institutions will be able to use it in ensuring stabler recruiting of trainees and establish a more efficient guidance and marketing strategy. Reflecting the results of the study in education will contribute to heightening educational sustainability, social sustainability, and economic sustainability.

There are amount of researches study about corporate competition sustainability, find the way to survive in the competition. But sustainable development has been launched for many years. Sustainable marketing aims to balance among economic, environmental, and social goals. Marketing methods of one company should be innovated with fast development. Marketing practitioners and researchers should follow the idea to sustainable marketing base on the hot issue of sustainable issue. Because sustainable marketing can increase firms’ profit and improve the environment such as nature environment and society. Customer equity is the sum of customer lifetime value, comes from value creation based on profits, costs, cash flow, customers, and customer relationships. Customer equity has been defined as value of future profits that might be acquired from customers, excluding corporate costs (Berger & Nasr, 1998), as profits created when companies allocate resources appropriately to acquire and retain customers (Blattberg & Deighton, 1996), and as the sum of all customers’ discounted lifetime value (Lemon et al., 2001). In this research studied the relationship between sustainable marketing and customer equity. Customer equity has been the key for companies’ sustainable competitive advantage. The company can make proper marketing strategy with customer equity which can both satisfy consumers and make a profit for the company (Lemon et al., 2001). Also test customer attitude to sustainable marketing in different culture. Based on the results this study gave both academy and practice implications.

The purpose of the study was two-fold: to investigate the effects of a group-based book reading plus self-efficacy and outcome expectancy intervention on reading amount, perceived reading ability, reading behavior, and social cognitions and to examine influencing factors of book reading behaviors. Sixty-three sixth graders completed a ten-week book reading intervention in two experimental conditions: one with book-reading activities only and the other with a book-reading plus social cognition intervention. The control group (n=32) studied English in their regular English classes. Questionnaires were administered three times to assess the participants' social cognition, reading behavior, and perceptions of reading English books: right before and right after the intervention, and at eight weeks post intervention. The results showed positive effects of the intervention on reading amount, perceived reading ability, and reading behavior. Of the two experimental groups, the group that had received the book-reading plus social cognition intervention showed more positive results. At eight weeks post intervention, intervention effects on goal efficacy, reading behavior, and attitude toward reading were maintained. Social cognition was found to affect reading amount and behavior for the experimental groups. Research and practical implications are suggested.

Pigs are considered an ideal source of human disease model due to their physiological similarities to humans. However, the low efficiency of in vitro embryo production (IVP) is still a major barrier in the production of pig offspring with gene manipulation. Despite ongoing advances in the associated technologies, the developmental capacity of IVP pig embryos is still lower than that of their in vivo counterparts, as well as IVP embryos of other species (e.g., cattle and mice). The efficiency of IVP can be influenced by many factors that affect various critical steps in the process. The previous relevant reviews have focused on the in vitro maturation system, in vitro culture conditions, in vitro fertilization medium, issues with polyspermy, the utilized technologies, etc. In this review, we concentrate on factors that have not been fully detailed in prior reviews, such as the oocyte morphology, oocyte recovery methods, denuding procedures, first polar body morphology and embryo quality.

본 연구는 해양경찰조직의 사회자본 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 실증적 분석을 실시하였다. 선행연구 검토를 통해 사회자본에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 검토하여 리더십 유형과 제도적 환경을 독립변수로 설정하고, 사회자본의 구성요인으로 신뢰, 참여, 네트워크를 설정하였다. 분석결과를 살펴보면 신뢰와 네트워크를 형성하는데는 제도적 환경으로서 제도 공정성과 성과관리가 높을수록 효과적이라는 결과가 나왔으며, 참여를 형성하는데는 리더십 유형 중 변혁적 리더십과 거래적 리더십이 효과적이라는 사실이 확인되었다. 이는 선행연구의 결과를 부분적으로 지지하는 결과이며, 이를 근거로 해양경찰의 사회자본을 효과적으로 구축하기 위한 리더십의 변화와 제도적 환경의 변화가 필요하다는 사실을 알 수 있다.

연구는 Lipsky의 일선관료론을 바탕으로 인허가 분야 일 선관료의 재량에 대해 살펴보았다. 인허가 분야는 허가와 규제의 활동을 통하여 어느 행정영역보다도 일선관료의 재량권 이 발휘될 가능성이 높은 영역이다. 따라서 인허가 관료의 재량이 있는지, 재량 행위 유형은 무엇인지, 재량 행위 원인들은 무엇인지를 파악하기 위하여 선행연구 검토와 설문조사를 실시하였다. 대상은 수원시의 인허가 관료(환경위생과와 건축과)로 한정하였다. 전반적인 재량 행사 정도를 보면 재량은 거의 행사되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 법규가 미흡할수록 재 량 행사가 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 남자가 여자보다 더 많은 재량권을 행사하는 것으로 나타났다. 재량 행위 유형에 따른 분석 결과에서 오직 고객통제를 종속변수로 삼는 모형만 이 유의미한 것으로 나타났고, 업무가 전문적일수록 고객통제가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. Lipsky의 이론은 수원시 인허가 관료에 대해 충분히 설명하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 우리 나라 일선관료에 대한 좀 더 적실성 있는 이론 개발이 요청된다.

PURPOSES : This study drew factors affecting motorcycle accidents in Seoul by severity using an ordered probit model and aimed to analyze and verify the drawn influence factors. METHODS: As the severity of the accidents could be classified into three types (fatal injury, serious injury and minor injury), this study drew the factors affecting accidents by a comparative analysis employing an ordered probit model, removed the variables that would not secure significance sequentially to construct a model with high explanatory power regarding the factors affecting the severity of motorcycle accidents, and calculated the marginal effect of each factor to understand the degree of each factor’s impact on the severity. First, Model 1 put in all variables; Model 2 was constructed by removing the variables of the road surface conditions that could not meet the level of significance (p=0.608); Model 3 was constructed by removing gender variable (p=0.423); and Model 4 was constructed finally by removing age variable (p=0.320). RESULTS : As a result of an analysis, statistically significant variables were time of occurrence, type of accident, road alignment and motorcycle displacement, and it turned out that the impacts on the severity were in the following order: a road alignment of left downhill, the type of motorcycle-to-vehicle accidents and a road alignment of a flatland on the left. The significance of the models was tested using the likelihood ratio, the level of significance and suitability statistics about them, and as a result of the test, the significance level and suitability of the constructed models were all excellent. In addition, the model accuracy indicating the accuracy of a predicted value compared to that of the value actually observed was 70.3% for minor injury; 70.1% for serious injury; and 68.6% for fatal injury, and the overall accuracy was 70.2%, which was very high. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of an analysis of motorcycle accidents in Seoul through the ordered probit model and the marginal effect, it turned out that their severity increased in nighttime accidents as compared to daytime ones and gradually increased in the order of motorcycleto- vehicle accidents, motorcycle-to-person ones and the ones involving motorcycle only. As a result of an analysis, the severity of accidents in road alignments of left downhill, left flatland and straight downhill increased as compared to those in a road alignment of straight flatland and that the severity of accidents of motorcycles with a displacement larger than 50cc was higher than that of those with a displacement smaller than 50cc.

막대한 예산이 투입된 정부연구개발사업에 대한 성과창출과 관리 등에 대해서 근래에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 정부연구개발사업의 혁신 및 사업화 성과 창출 경로를 추정할 수 있는 연립방정식 모형을 설계하여 산업에 따른 성과창출의 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해서 KEIT 산업기술혁신사업의 성과활용현황조사 데이터를 활용하였으며, 정보통신(IT) 산업과 화학(CT) 산업을 대상으로 하였다.이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 모든 기업들은 정부지원금을 통해 개발된 기술을 특허를 통해 보호하고 혁신을 파급시키는 역할을 하고 있었으나, 특허를 사업화하는 것은 IT 산업에서는 중소기업, CT 산업에서는 대기업으로 나타났다. 복합산업 성격인 IT 산업의 중소기업은 기업의 자체적인 혁신노력이 추가적으로 필요한 반면에 CT 산업의 중소기업은 기술개발과 사업화 성과 향상에 있어서 협력연구 등의 지원이 효과적이었다. 이러한 결과는 정부연구개발사업으로 창출된 성과를 향상시키기 위해서 정부 정책 및 과제 기획 시 산업별ㆍ기업별 특성에 따라 주안점을 달리 해야 한다는 것을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing sales of health functional foods by door-to-door saleswomen. A total of 450 women who worked as door-to-door salespersons in Seoul were enrolled. The survey questionnaire was composed of five parts as follows: general characteristics, factors related with door-to-door sales process, task education, competency required for door-to-door salespersons, and customer relationship beliefs. The survey was conducted in October 2011. Finally, data on 302 subjects were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 package program. Reason for sales of health functional foods (p<0.01), time required for sales promotion (p<0.001), difficulties during sales of health functional foods (p<0.05), satisfaction of task education (p<0.01), and failure of salesperson's memory as problems of task education (p<0.01) were significantly associated with sales of health functional foods. However, means of sales promotion, frequency and time of task education, and competency required for door-to-door salespersons were not significantly related with sales of health functional foods. Customer relationship beliefs did not show significant association with sales of health functional foods either. In conclusion, certain factors were associated with sales of health functional foods by door-to-door saleswomen. These results provide an understanding for sales of door-to-door health functional foods and provide basic information for preparation of task education for health functional food saleswomen and marketing.

This is an initial work on a research project which will ultimately test a battery of hypotheses relating to the drivers of consumers’ willingness to buy of Vitamin C OTC. This initial work outlines the product category, the market, and presents the initial theoretical framework to be investigated. Dietary Supplement constitutes a very significant business market in Thailand. Consumers in Thailand consume dietary supplements on a daily, continual basis to supplement their daily dietary intake. More importantly, they consume them as a preventive measure to off-set an environment of ever growing pollution, pressure to perform and stress. The market for dietary supplements is growing, and firms operating in this market are interested to understand the factors and variables related to consumers’ willingness to buy on these dietary supplements. Consumers can also benefit from research insights as the consumption of dietary supplement is not without criticism (e.g. Braun et al., 2009; Timbo et al., 2006). Food supplements or Dietary supplements (EU1) is the official designated term for this product category in the United Stated of America (U.S. FDA 1994). Thailand (ACCSQ-TMHS, 2006), are classified as food products containing micronutrients and its intention is to supplement the normal diet (Greger, 2001). According to Kearney (2010), consumers have increasing levels of focus on the importance of health, which the increased focus on health coincides with an increased availability of health information, which in turn is fueled by the underlying demands of an aging population and an increase in lifestyle diseases. In the EU, the use of supplements is widely practiced in the general population. Statistics reveal that 47% of German women and 41% of German men regularly take supplements consisting of vitamins, and minerals (Reinnert, Rohrmann, Beckers & Linseisen, 2007). The sales ratio in the Thai market between general nutrients and vitamins is approximately 55 to 45 percent. According to the latest IMS Health Thailand report as of end September 2013 (see Table), it is noted that in Thailand alone, the domestic consumption of general nutrients and vitamins as food supplements has increased by more than four folds from 2004 to 2013 (Thai Baht 1.27 billion in 2004 to 5.46 billion in 2013). The majority of this increase occurred from 2011 to 2013. Most of these products are imported from the US. Other major producers and exporters of these products are Ireland, France, Switzerland, Japan, Netherlands, Germany and Australia; whereas Japan, Philippines, Singapore and Vietnam are major exporters of raw materials into Thailand for further refinement (Arunanondchai 2007). In Thailand, exercise used to be the main way to achieve a healthy life. There is, however, a growing belief that healthy food and food supplement consumption is important to be healthy. The present project studies the use of Vitamin C as an example of a dietary supplement, which is widely consumed in Thailand. Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid or Ascorbate) is the generic descriptor for compounds having antiscorbutic activity. Most animals can synthesize Vitamin C from D-glucose but humans and other primates, together with guinea pigs, fruit bats, some Passeriformes birds, some fish and some insects, are exceptions. Vitamin C is a reducing agent (antioxidant) and it is likely that all of its biochemical and molecular functions relate to this property. In humans, Vitamin C acts as an electron donor for eight enzymes, of which three are involved in collagen hydroxylation (including aspects of norepinephrine, peptide hormone and tyrosine metabolism) and two are involved in carnitine biosynthesis (Dunn et al (1984), Eipper et al (1993, 1992), Kaufmann (1974), Kirirkko & Myllyla (1985), Levine et. al, (1991), Procop & Kiviikko (1995), Peterkovsky (1991), Rebouche (1991)). Vitamin C is sold through various distribution channels, including the over-the-counter (OTC) market in Thailand with limited restriction from the Thai FDA. OTC drugs are medicines that may be sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional, as compared to prescription drugs, which may be sold only to consumers possessing a valid prescription. The term OTC may be somewhat counterintuitive, since, in many countries, these drugs are often located on the shelves of stores like any other packaged product. In contrast, prescription drugs are almost always passed over a counter from the pharmacist to the customer. Some drugs may be legally classified as over-the-counter (i.e., no prescription is required), but may only be dispensed by a pharmacist after an assessment of the patient's needs and/or the provision of patient education. In many countries, a number of OTC drugs are available in establishments without a pharmacy, such as general stores, supermarkets, gas stations, etc. Regulations detailing the establishments where drugs may be sold, who is authorized to dispense them, and whether a prescription is required vary considerably from country to country. To simplify, any medicine that can be sold over the counter for symptomatic relief of minor or self-limiting ailments without the prescription of a registered medical practitioner is an OTC Medicine. OTC Medicines differ from Prescription Medicines in terms of Margin of Safety, Advertising and Distribution. The project will address a combination of both intrinsic and extrinsic driving factors in pharmaceutical products, including vitamins that can potentially lead to a better and clearer understanding on how consumers perceive the product quality, get influenced by expert opinion, and manage perceived risk when deciding whether or not to buy. Three potential drivers will be investigated in this project for their impact on willingness to buy: Country of Origin image, brand image, and expert opinion. Further, the framework suggests that the relationship between these three drivers and consumers’ willingness to buy is mediated by their perceived risk. Basing on the requirement of developing a theoretical framework to answering these questions, it is foreseen that both practical and implicative results derived from the OTC pharmaceutical market can complete the answer from an experienced consumers’ perspective, therefore this study is adopting the questionnaire set methodology to survey among Vitamin C consumer who are experienced with this dietary supplement. Aligning the survey in respect to prior authority research, the measurement items in this survey were adapted from pre-existing scales of operationalization. A questionnaire will be constructed to assess 5 main constructs. They are: 1) Product Country Image 2) Brand Image 3) Expert Opinion 4) Perceived Risk 5) Willingness to buy. These 5 constructs constitute the main proposed conceptual model. All constructs in this questionnaire use a seven-point Likert scale. The research will draw on existing definitions and measures adapted from the consumer behavior and marketing literatures. The theoretical framework and related hypotheses will be tested using primary survey data by using a statistical analysis software package for interpretation and conclusion of findings. Questions for Product Country Image were operationalized and adapted from Roth and Romeo (1992), consisting of four items. Questions such as “How would you rate innovativeness of Cosmeceuticals products from Country of Origin” were specially designed to capture consumers’ perception of products based on their imaginative association of a product to a country. Brand Image, comprising of five items, is borrowed from Robert (2004) and Cho (2011) which are semantically designed to capture meaningfulness of brand perception to the end user. An example of a question is: “The brand adds value to my life”. Four items are asked in the Expert Opinion segment in order to analyze the pedagogical impact of experts’ persuasiveness, operationalized from Aquevegue (2006), such as “The opinion of the experts about the product is (very good to very bad)”. Perceived risk, being measured by 5 statements such as “You want to enjoy better health” in the degree of respondents’ view is heavily adapted and modified from Chang (2007). This segment is directly engineered to identify and understand expectations associated with products from a consumers’ viewpoint resulting in final purchase action. Such expectations can be understood as benefits or the avoidance of threats that are realized through consumption. Applying the hierarchy of needs model (Maslow 1954) could help to reveal and orchestrate consumers’ purchase motivations resulting in valuable marketing insights. Finally, the construct of Willingness to buy, consisting of five items such as “The likelihood of purchasing Cosmeceuticals is (very low to very high)”, is adapted from Dodds and Monroe (1991). Overall, we expect the results of this project to illuminate our understanding of how perceived risk influences consumer decisions in the dietary supplements market. Specifically the results should shed light on the effect of three key drivers of perceived risk, as well as of a key outcome of perceived risk.

본 연구는 기존의 게임에 대한 전반적인 부정적 인식에서 벗어나 긍정적인 측면에서 스마트폰 게임을 살펴볼 필요성이 있다고 판단하여 심리적인 측면에서 스마트폰 게임 이용동기와 게임특성이 게임몰입에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 주요 결과를 제시하면, 스마트폰 게임 이용동기는 현실도피, 기분전환, 즐거움, 몰입, 성취 등으로 나타났고, 이 중 현실도피를 제외한 기분전환, 즐거움, 몰입, 성취가 스마트폰 게임몰입에 유의미한 정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 스마트폰 게임 이용자들이 기분전환, 즐거움, 몰입, 성취동기를 추구할수록 게임몰입도 높아지는 것으로 평가할 수 있다. 둘째, 스마트폰 게임특성 중 게임구성, 조작용이성을 제외하고 게임의 생동감은 게임몰입에 유의미한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 스마트폰 이용자들이 게임을 통해 생동감을 높게 지각할수록 게임몰입이 높아지는 것으로 평가된다. 이상과 같은 결과를 통해 몰입 자체가 건전한 심리작용이고, 스트레스를 해소하거나 여가시간을 즐겁게 보내는데 일정 부분 기여함을 전제로 한다면, 스마트폰 게임 이용이 스트레스를 해소하고 여가시간을 보다 즐겁고 재미있게 보내는데 있어 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있을 것이다. 나아가 일정부분 여가문화 차원으로 활용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

미래 산업으로의 급속한 변화와 발전에 따라 국가 간 기술경쟁이 치열해지고 산업간의 융ㆍ복합 트렌드로 인해 과학기술의 사회경제적 중요성 및 영향력이 극대화 되는 현 시점에서 국가연구개발사업 예산의 40%에 가까운 예산이 투입되고 있는 출연(연)의 기능과 역할 정립이 가장 중요한 이슈로 부상되고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 출연(연)의 연구성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴보기 위해 성과에 미치는 각 변수들을 가정하여 이를 대표하는 독립변수로 연구비, 연구인력, 연구지원인력으로 상정하였고 종속변수인 연구성과는 기술료, 논문, 특허 등으로 상정하여 독립변수가 종속변수에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 시계열 분석과 횡단면 분석을 통해 회귀 분석 값을 도출하였다. 그 결과, 연구인력, 연구지원인력, 연구비 순으로 유의도와 상관계수의 값이 큰 것으로 나타났고 이는 향후 출연(연)의 육성과 지원책을 논하는데 있어 중요한 시사점을 제공할 수 있으리라 기대된다.