This study was conducted to observe changes in chemical composition according to plant height at harvest of a sorghum × sudangrass hybrid and silage quality during fermentation. The sorghum × sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) cultivar‘Turbo Gold’was sown on May 27, 2024, in the Pyeongchang area. The cultivated samples were harvested and analyzed when plant height reached 50 cm (July 3), 100 cm (July 10), 150 cm (July 22), and 200 cm (July 30). In addition, samples harvested on August 22 were prepared as silage and opened after 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days to evaluate changes in silage quality. The crude protein(CP) content was 7.35% in the 200 cm harvest group, and it was higher in the leaves (9.53%) than in the stems (4.81%). The acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) contents increased as plant height increased. Digestibility did not differ significantly among plant parts, but it differed markedly according to plant height at harvest. The total digestible nutrients(TDN) tended to decrease with increasing plant height, and the relative feed value(RFV) averaged around 90. The water soluble carbohydrate(WSC) content also increased significantly with increasing plant height. Nitrate nitrogen content generally tended to decrease in the leaves as plant height increased, whereas it increased in the stems. CP content showed the highest value on day 5 of fermentation and then gradually decreased. The pH gradually decreased over time and, in particular, dropped rapidly to below 4.0 within the first 5 days. Ammonia nitrogen content gradually increased as fermentation progressed, with most of the increase occurring within the first 5 days of fermentation. Regarding the correlations among quality-related parameters, CP content showed a weak correlation with digestibility, while ADF content showed strong negative correlations with pH, WSC. These results indicate that, when the crop is harvested at a generally appropriate stage, nitrate-nitrogen in the sorghum × sudangrass hybrid does not reach a level harmful to livestock. In addition, nitrate-nitrogen did not reach a harmful level during the silage fermentation process.

This study evaluated the consumer perceptions and sentiment responses toward plant-based flour alternative noodles using large-scale online review data. As the interest in health, sustainability, and plant-based diets grows, products such as soybean, konjac, and seaweed noodles are gaining popularity as alternatives to traditional wheat-based noodles. Genuine consumption experiences were captured by analyzing 158,886 reviews from the Korean online grocery platform Market Kurly. An integrated analytical framework combining text mining, Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modeling, sentiment analysis, and random forest regression was used. Ten latent topics were identified and grouped into three main dimensions: cooking and usage, health and dieting, and product attributes and evaluations. The results showed that consumer perceptions go beyond simple diet motives and reflect a range of experiential and functional considerations. Soybean noodles were appreciated for their versatility in cooking, but were limited by the unfamiliar textures. Konjac noodles were strongly linked to weight management but restricted by sensory dissatisfaction. Seaweed noodles received positive perceptions for their unique texture and affordability. This paper provides data-driven insights into consumer perception structures and sentiment patterns in the growing plant-based alternative food market and offers practical implications for future product development and marketing strategies.

This study investigated the redistribution of headspace volatile compounds in a plant-based protein drink supplemented with flavor compounds with sweet-brown note. The volatile profiles of the control (only protein drink), flavoring (F), and the protein drink supplemented with flavoring (PF) were evaluated for deviations from additive effect. Principal component analysis showed that, while some PF samples reflected flavoring characteristics, others remained close to the control, suggesting that flavor expression could not be fully explained by simple flavoring addition. A comparison of the expected and observed volatile levels confirmed non-linear behavior, with overall suppression as the dominant effect. An off-flavor-anchored redistribution map further revealed the co-suppression of most volatile compounds alongside off-flavor compounds, while a subset of alcohols and esters showed opposite trends, indicating displacement-driven release. Emergent volatile compounds were also observed, supporting the matrix-induced redistribution. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the headspace distribution for plant-based protein beverages.

This study examines the former Ssangyong Cement Mungyeong plant, located in Singi-ri, Mungyeong, which was constructed as part of the cement industry rehabilitation program led by the UNKRA in the aftermath of the Korean War and operated until 2018, along with its surrounding hinterland. It aims to analyze the transformation of a pre-existing rural area following the construction of a new cement plant during the post-war reconstruction period, as well as the spatial configuration of the industrial settlement formed around the plant. To this end, the study first reviews the construction process of post-war cement plants and the historical background of company housing in Korean industrial cities. It then analyzes the construction of the plant and company housing, as well as the changes in the surrounding area resulting from the plant’s expansion and transformation. Furthermore, by examining the spatial structure of the industrial settlement, the characteristics of the housing estates, and the dwelling types of individual housing units across multiple spatial scales, the study identifies the key spatial features of the industrial settlement. The findings reveal that, unlike the company towns of the Japanese colonial period, which were developed through comprehensive corporate planning, the industrial settlement formed around the cement plant in Mungyeong during the post-war reconstruction period evolved through the gradual insertion and addition of industrial facilities and housing estates into an existing rural landscape. As a result, while the settlement functioned as a community centered on a single industrial enterprise, it retained a semi-agricultural and semi-industrial character, demonstrating limitations in its transition into a fully developed industrial city.

본 연구는 제천 금수산에서 한양지를 포함한 일원을 대상으로 산림유전자원보호구역을 지정하기 위해 관속식물상 및 버섯상을 조사하였다. 관속식물상 조사 결과, 총 83과 180속 244종 4아종 21변종 3품종 272분류군으로 구분되었으며, 한국특산식물 5분류군, 희귀식물 4분류군, 식물구계 학적 특정종 46분류군, 북방계식물 55분류군, 외래식물 10분류군, 생태계교란식물 1분류군으로 구분되었다. 버섯상 분포 조사 결과, 채집된 209점에 대한 종 분류 결과 총 2문 8강 18목 69과 121속으로 나타났다. 생태형으로 구분하였을 때, 부생균 124종(72.5%), 공생균은 42종(24.6%), 기생균 5종(2.9%)으로 차지하였다. 미확정된 종(cf.)의 경우 추후 추가적인 연구를 통해 종 수준으로의 보고가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과는 산림유전자원보호구역 지정에 대한 근거를 제공하고, 추후 산림유전자원보호구역 관리에 대한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다.

본 연구는 경상남도 남해군에 분포하는 희귀식물 애기등(Wisteriopsis japonica)의 외부형태학적 특성을 정량적으로 파악하고, 개체군 간 형태적 변이와 다양성을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 조사 대상지는 법문사, 원천마을, 금평교, 광두마을, 월곡마을 등 총 5개 자생지를 선정하였다. 각 자생지에서 채집된 개체를 대상으로 줄기, 잎, 화서, 열매 및 종자에 이르는 기관별 형질을 포함하여 총 41개 외부형태학적 형질을 조사·분석하였다. 조사한 결과 줄기 둘레는 하부와 상부 모두 법문사와 원천마을에서 굵게 나타나 집단 간 유의한 차이를 보였다. 소엽의 수는 7∼17개 범위로 원천마을이 가장 많았다. 정소엽과 측소엽의 엽병과 엽신의 길이·너비는 개체군 밀도와 경사, 수광량에 따라 소엽은 집단 간의 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 생식기관 의 형질은 집단 간의 공통성을 유지했으나 꽃의 수, 익판과 용골판, 수술대와 주두 길이 등 집단 간에는 유의한 차이를 보였고, 열매의 길이와 너비, 종자 크기는 집단 간의 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이는 문헌에 제시된 전형적 범위보다 넓은 변이의 폭을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 원천마을과 광두마을에서는 상대적으로 크고 굵은 열매와 종자가 발달하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 본 연구는 남해 해안의 난·온대 환경에서 애기등 개체군이 나타내는 외부형태학적 변이를 정량적으로 규명하고, 이를 통해 애기등의 분류학적 재검토를 위한 기초자료를 제공하며, 자생지 보전 및 유전자원 관리에 기여하고자 한다.