Purpose: This study aimed to explore the practical experience of nursing graduates through a clinical practicum alternative program during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants in this study comprised sixteen students who had gone through clinical field practice and clinical alternative programs during 4 semesters at nursing college. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews and analyzed via the phenomenological research method developed by Colaizzi. Results: From the meaningful statements offered by the participants, six theme clusters emerged: (a) interest in new experiences, (b) practice that doesn’t feel like practice, (c) limits on yourself, (d) ambivalence about alternative programs, (e) longing for vivid clinical settings, and (f) choice in an unavoidable situation. Conclusion: This study provides a profound understanding of the practical experiences of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic situation about the clinical practicum alternative program. Based on this study, it is necessary to determine how students who have participated in the implementation of the clinical practice alternative program are adapting to the actual field as nurses. It is also necessary to develop various programs that reflect the needs of students and utilize technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and metaverse along with current teaching methods.

One of major education process flaws in the Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan (LPTK) or Teacher Training Institute in Indonesia is portrayed in the implementation of the Program Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) or Apprentice Program that has not optimally developed candidate’s proficiency to be competent teachers. Therefore, this research is intended to construct a teaching and learning model of practical teaching that can improve pedagogical competence as the ultimate goal to be achieved by future teacher candidates. The main subjects of this study were undergraduate students of the Elementary School Teacher Education program conducting their PPL in Indonesia University of Education and Lampung University. Based on the analysis of Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, on the level of significance of 95% (α = 0,05), the model produced from the research and development process and called theModel Pembelajaran Praktik Mengajar Reflektif (MP2MR) was verified to help improve students competence based on the following benefits,(a) teaching and learning and evaluation designs focused on standardized achievements (b) individual and contextual implementation of problem-solving based process of teaching and learning, and (c) priority to intrinsic evaluation.

이 논문은 “소요 오일붐 측정프로그램(OBM Program)”을 실행함에 따라 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 분석하고자 한다. OBM Program 운용상 한계를 분석하기 위해 운용자와 운용환경 팩터 간의 관계 분석이 가능한 M-SHEL모델을 이용했다. M-SHEL 모델분석을 통해 얻은 결 과는 첫째, 운용자의 입력 값의 신뢰도 향상을 위해 감지 시스템 구축, 둘째, 운용자의 프로그램 사용시 운용에 대한 이해도 향상을 위한 실용적 이고 편리한 매뉴얼 제작, 셋째, 시각화된 프로그램 프레임 구축이다. 분석을 통해 프로그램 운용상의 한계를 보완함으로써 보다 개선된 성능과 더불어 효율적인 방제활동에 기인할 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a practical English program for college students which had been administered both on- and off-line. After over 1,400 freshmen took two TOEIC-based courses consecutively, questionnaires were administered to measure the students’ satisfaction of the program and their perceived usefulness of on-line learning. The effectiveness of the English program was measured through the improvement in the students’ TOEIC scores, their perceived usefulness of online learning, and their satisfaction with the program. The results showed a statistically significant increase in the students’ TOEIC scores in both semesters, with greater improvement in the second semester as compared to the first. Although the students’ overall perception of the usefulness of e-learning was in the middle on the scale, those who perceived online learning as useful were shown to have spent more time studying for the courses outside class, thereby improving their TOEIC scores and enhancing their level of satisfaction with the program. Pedagogical and research implications are suggested.

Prescribed according to the occupational safety and health low noise measurement method was changed to personal sampling in the method to measure an area noise. Such method had the limit which did not evaluated characteristic of sound of occurrence and the place of origin. This study was peformed to establish an engineering remedy of the work-place noise. The subject was a vibration control process of the place of business in Pusan. A simulation program applied for an engineering improvement of the work-place noise. The results were as follows: 1. An noise occurrence level of the work-place before improvement was 88~97dB(A), We applied an improvement method to be established and were expected to 80~l19dB(A), 2. The level of the noise-distribution to appear in the place of origin of the work-place before improvement was 90~93dB(A) but, We executed the simulation after applied an engineering remedy and predicted 80~85dB(A). A result of the simulation blue part was changed mostly into the dark blue color. The results suggest that simulation program establishes an engineering remedy and is useful to the case to apply.

Prescribed according to the occupational safety and health low noise measurement method was changed to personal sampling in the method to measure an area noise. Such method had the limit which did not evaluated characteristic of sound of occurrence and the place of origin. This study was performed to establish an engineering remedy of the work-place noise. The subject was a vibration control process of the place of business in Pusan. A simulation program applied for an engineering improvement of the work-place noise. The results were as follows: 1. An noise occurrence level of the work-place before improvement was 88~97dB(A), We applied an improvement method to be established and were expected to 80~119dB(A). 2. The level of the noise-distribution to appear in the place of origin of the work-place before improvement was 90~93dB(A) but, We executed the simulation after applied an engineering remedy and predicted 80~85dB(A). A result of the simulation blue part was changed mostly into the dark blue color. The results suggest that simulation program establishes an engineering remedy and is useful to the case to apply.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of an English program called Global English. The fall, 2003, program at a 4-year university in southwest Korea, was designed for students to attain ability and confidence in both oral and written reports in English necessary to participate actively in everyday and business situations. The study described the educational principles and curriculum in detail and provided an overall evaluation of the program. Students' communicative competence was measured by the computer-based TOEIC both prior to and in the middle of the Global English instruction. Questionnaires were administered to 2,791 students and to 18 native English-speaking teachers to identify their satisfaction with the program. The results from the paired-samples t test indicated that the Global English program significantly affected students' English achievement scores. The students demonstrated satisfaction with the program in the analyses of the questionnaires: The students' motivation, interest, and attitudes towards learning English improved, and their anxiety in speaking English with native speakers was lowered; their confidence increased. On the basis of the findings, educational suggestions were made for improving the Global English program.

This study was conducted to find out the proper ways of implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) concepts applicable to the current Korean food inspection system. The following recommendations are based on an in-depth review of the Canadian Food Safety Enhancement Program (FSEP), which is one of the leading HACCP programs adapted to the food industry. Since 1997, the HACCP system has been voluntarily applied to meat processing plants in Korea in accordance with the Food Protection Law. But the guidelines are obscure and inadequate to expand to the diversity of food plants, and are therefore only applied to a limited number of plants of small scale enterprise. For these reasons, it is necessary to prepare an enhanced food safety control program focused not only on the HACCP plants but also on the non-HACCP plants. The national program should be the fundamental framework of a food safety control policy enforced by all the relevant authorities. The Prerequiste Program of Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP) of FSIS are good example programs for the non-HACCP plants. These programs, which are a major part of the HACCP system, could easily be adapted to the Korean food industry. To improve the current HACCP implementation guideline, it is necessary to develop a detailed implementation manual, generic HACCP model, training program, and an audit program.

본 연구의 목적은 엘리트 골프 선수들의 멘탈 게임 능력을 향상시키기 위하여 제작한 "멘탈 게임 훈련" 프로그램의 효능성을 검증함과 동시에 훈련 라운드에서 실용적으로 활용할 수 있는가를 평가하는데 있다. 본 훈련 프로그램은 "스마트 골프(Smart Golf)"(Kirschenbaum,, Owens, & O`Conner, 1998)에 근간을 두고, 좋았던 클럽 회상, 코스 공략 계획, 기술 실행, 심리 반응의 4개 멘탈 요인으로 구성되었다. 피험자는 평균 타수가 72.5타(SD=0.5)인 3명의 엘리트 프로 골프 선수이며, 이들은 동계 전지 훈련기간 중 2주 동안 8회에 걸쳐서 멘탈 게임 훈련을 집중적으로 실시하였다. 훈련 프로그램의 효능성은 단일 피험자 반복-반전 설계(single-subject replication-reversal design: AB)로, 실용성은 실용적 평가 및 사회적 타당도 검사와 심층 면담으로 규명하였다. 연구 결과, 단일 피험자 설계의 개입국면에서 스코어가 괄목한 수준은 아니지만 낮아진 경향을 보여주었으며, 실용적 평가와 사회적 타당도에서도 선수들의 멘탈에 긍정적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 연구 결과는 훈련 프로그램이 골프 경기력 향상을 위하여 선수 각 개인에게 멘탈 게임 요인의 장단점에 대한 유익한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 훈련 라운드에서 실용적으로 사용할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.

This study aims to increase the practicality of horticultural education by suggesting reorganization method and prospects of horticultiral education as urban horticulture. The outcome of research is the contents of horticultural education should be related with the cognitive and physical education and building a sense of justice which are educational aims of bloom. Hence horticultural education is undertaken under the larger theme of urban horticulture aiming to create sustainable society where people and nature are organically related. When recognizing the contents of horticultural education, effects of urban horticulture such as creation of pleasent environment and culturing of emotion should be taken into consideration. The seven classifications of urban horticulture activity through rotated factor analysis becomes the basis for the recognization in areas such as education material, location, contents and in in-depth studies. It is also expected that increased effort on introducing a new concept into urban horticulture will make horticultural activity more prominent and more appreciated.