This study was aimed to observe dose-response effects of squid liver oil enriched in n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFA) on the metabolism of streptozotocint(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this experiment, 24 STZ-induced diabetic male rats of Sprague Dawley strain were divided into 4 groups and fed for 4 weeks with basal diet(0%). 33%,67% and 100% squid liver oil(SLO) of total fat content, and 6 normal rats were fed with 0% SLO diet at the same time. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Rat group fed with 33% SLO diet showed the least body weight loss and changes in blood glucose, while ones of 100% SLO diet showed the highest level. 2. Serum total protein and ratio of albumin to globulin of all the groups were below the standard level, but did not show significantly different among diet groups. 3. Serum creatinine concentration of all the groups were stayed whthin normal range, but BUN were 3 to 4 times higher than normal rats. BUN concentration of rats fed with 0% and 33% SLO diet was significantly lower than those of others. 4. Total-cholesterol level of serum increased in all the groups except 33% SLO diet, but since HDL-chol, levels and TG concentration went up with an incerase of SLO in the diets, the ratio of HDL-chol. to total-chol, of rats fed with 67% and 100% SLO diet showed higher than those with 0%, and 33% SLO, and TG concentration of rats fed with 67% and 100% SLO diet decreased significantly.

In present study, we investigated the antidiabetic effect of Momordica charantia(as well known “bitter melon”). This study was conducted to determine antidiabetic mechanism of Bitter Melon Extract (BME). We measured blood glucose, insulin, glucagon level in a Sprague-Dawley rat model of high-fat diet/streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetes. Five experimental groups were used: normal, HFD/STZ, BME 62.5 mg/kg HFD/STZ, BME 125 mg/kg HFD/STZ and BME 250 mg/kg HFD/STZ. BME was orally administered to the rats every other day for 9 weeks. Results showed that fasting blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the BME 125 mg/kg(150.17 ± 20.22 mg/dL) and 250 mg/kg(124.17 ± 22.17 mg/dL) groups than in the vehicle group(188.83 ± 26.63 mg/dL)(p<0.05). In addition, glucagon levels were lower in the three BME treatment groups than in the vehicle group(p<0.05). Oral glucose tolerance tests revealed that the BME 250 mg/kg group had significantly(p<0.05) reduced 120-minute blood glucose levels and areas under the curve. Our results suggest that BME induces antidiabetic effects via the reduction of glucagon and blood glucose levels.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) on the hepatic functional enzyme and catalase activity of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were divided into four groups (n=6), and fed experimental diets containing mung bean meal [basal diet+5% mung bean (BM), basal diet+STZ+5% mung bean (SM)], and control (Basal Diet, BD), BS groups (basal diet+STZ). Serum concentrations of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by 5% mung bean supplementation diet. The activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), akaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase and lipase were decreased in the BD, BM and SM group than BS group. The catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased (p<0.05) in mung bean supplementation diet (BM, SM group) than diabetic group (BS). In vivo experiments with diabetic rats showed that ingestion of mung bean supplementation diet were effective in BUN concentration, and hepatic functional enzyme activities.

Background: This study examined the hypoglycemic and kidney protective effect of black ginseng in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods and Results: Diabetes was induced by treating mice with streptozotocin (STZ) for four weeks. In vivo studies were performed in order to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of the black ginseng prosapogenin (GBG05-FF) extract. The body weight and blood glucose level were measured. Moreover, after the mice were sacrificed, the kidneys were isolated and histological changes were observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were also measured. The results showed that administration of black ginseng increased body weight. Compared to blood glucose levels in STZ mice, blood glucose levels were reduced by 48% in STZ mice supplemented with 300 ㎎/㎏ of black ginseng, and by 69% in STZ mice supplemented with 900 ㎎/㎏. Furthermore, histopathological examination of STZ mouse kidneys revealed, changes in the kidneys, epithelial cell damages, inflammatory cell infiltration and glomerulus hypertrophy. However, a significant reduction of glomerular water droplets (indicative of glomerulus hypertrophy) was observed in the kidneys of STZ mice supplemented with black ginseng extract. Conclusions: These results suggest that black prosapogenin (GBG05-FF) ginseng extract has a significant hypoglycemic effect and can be used as an anti-diabetic substance and renal protective agents as part of dietary supplements or novel drugs.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of tea catechin on fasting blood glucose in experimental diabetes model. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats was induced by high fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin. The experimental group was divided into 3 different groups, non-diabetes control (NC) group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group, and diabetes mellitus+P60 (DM+P60) group. Polyphenon 60(P60) administered with dissolved in 0.2% dringking water. At 16 weeks after P60 treatment, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin and serum triglyceride levels were measured. The glucose metabolism-related genes were studied in rat liver by RNA-seq analysis. Fasting blood glucose levels increase by four times in the DM group compared to the NC group. In the DM+P60 group, it was decreased by 24% compared to the DM group. The HOMA-IR index was increased in the DM group and it decreased in the DM+P60 group compared to the DM group. The serum triglyceride level increased by 148% in the NC group, and decreased by 22% in the DM+P60 group compared to the DM group. Glucokinase mRNA expression was decreased in the liver of DM group compared to NC group, whereas the phosphofructokinase 1, glucose-6-phosphotase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression did not show significant differences in DM group liver. In DM+P60 group, liver glucokinase expression was increased significantly (P: 5.00E-05) compared with DM group. This study shows that P60 beneficially modifies glucose metabolism and markedly enhances glucose tolerance in experimental diabetic rats. Dietary supplementation with P60 could potentially contribute to nutritional strategies for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

본 연구는 산화적 스트레스에 대한 당뇨병의 예방과 관리에 대한 청국장과 블랙푸드의 효과를 평가하고자 대두청국장, 약콩청국장 그리고 블랙푸드를 첨가한 약콩청국장 분말을 식이에 첨가하여 STZ로 유도된 당뇨쥐에게 7주간 급여한 후 지질과산화물 함량, 항산화 효소 및 항산화 영양소 상태를 측정하였다. 그 결과 당뇨로 인하여 혈청과 간조직 내 증가된 지질과산화물 함량은 대두 및 블랙푸드가 첨가된 약콩청국장 공급군에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 항산화 효소 중에서 당뇨 유도로 혈청 내 catalase 활성은 변화 없었으나 SOD 활성은 감소되었으며, 이때 약콩청국장의 공급으로 SOD 활성이 유도되었다. 항산화 영양소 중에서 혈청 내 retinol 함량은 당뇨 유도로 낮아졌지만 약콩청국장의 공급으로 7.5배 가량의 증가 현상을 보였고,간 조직 내 retinol과 α-tocopherol 함량은 세종류의 청국장의공급으로 높일수 있었다. 당뇨 유도로 낮아진 간 조직 내의 GSH/GSSG와 비장 조직의 anthocyanin 함량은 약콩청국장,그리고 혈청 내 총 항산화능은 블랙푸드 청국장의 공급으로 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과 당뇨병이 유발되었을 때 산화적 스트레스 지표인 지질과산화물 함량은 증가된 반면에, 항산화 효소인 catalase 및 SOD 활성과 항산화 영양소인 retinol, α-tocopherol, GSH/GSSG, TAC 및 anthocyanin 함량이 낮아졌다. 그러나 세종류의 청국장이 당뇨쥐의 산화적 스트레스 반응과 항산화 영양소 상태에 긍정적인 반응효과를 보였다. 이를 기반으로 향후 당뇨병의 예방과 관리를 위한 건강 기능성 식품으로서 청국장 및 블랙푸드의활용 방안에 대한 좀 더 많은 연구가 이루어져야 하겠다

뽕잎, 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물이 sterptozotocin 유발 당뇨 쥐의 혈당 조절효과에 대해 살펴보았다. 실험군은 정상군(N), 당뇨 대조군(STZ), 5% 뽕잎 분말 첨가 당뇨군(STZ-M), 5% 녹차 분말 첨가 당뇨군(STZ-G) 및 2.5% 뽕잎과 2.5% 녹차혼합분말 첨가 당뇨군(STZ-MG)으로 5군으로 나누어 4주간 실시하였다. 체중증가량은 뽕잎, 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물 첨가 당뇨군(STZ-M, STG-G, STZ-MG)들이 당뇨 대조군(STZ)에 비하여 유의적 차이는 없었으나 다소 증가하였다. 뇨 중 포도당 함량은 뽕잎, 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물 첨가 당뇨군(STG-G, STZ-MG)들이 당뇨 대조군(STZ)에 비하여 감소효과를 보였다. 4주간 혈당의 변화는 뽕잎, 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물(STZ-M, STG-G, STZ-MG)의 급여로 혈당 수준이 감소하는 경향이었고, 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물 첨가 당뇨군(STZ-MG)이 혈당 강하효과가 가장 높았다. 시험 종료 후 혈청 포도당 함량은 뽕잎, 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물 첨가(STZ-M, STG-G, STZ-MG)로 당뇨 대조군(STZ)에 비하여 모두 유의적으로 낮게 나타나 정상군(N)과 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 혈청 인슐린 함량은 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물 첨가(STG-G, STZ-MG)로 당뇨 대조군(STZ)에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였고, 혈청 fructosamine 함량은 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과 뽕잎, 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물의 급여는 STZ로 유발된 당뇨 쥐의 혈당 강하효과를 확인하여, 당뇨성 질환의 예방 및 개선에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lycii fructus and Astragalus membranaceus mixed extracts on immunomodulators and prevention in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model. A total of 28 male rats were divided into four dietary groups and fed a commercial diet (A), commercial diet plus induced diabetes by a streptozotocin (STZ) injection (B), induced diabetes by STZ plus medicinal crop extracts(I&H®) diet (C), and medicinal crop extracts (I&H®) diet (D). Immunoblotting analyses revealed cytokine expression, and ELISA analyses revealed immunoglobulin E and nitric oxide production. As a results, the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as a inflammatory cytokine were decreased. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) cytokine related in diabetes expression through JAK/STAT3 pathway were also decreased. Furthermore, immunoglobulin E and nitric oxide production were decreased in the serum and lens, respectively. These results suggest that Lycii fructus and Astragalus membranaceus mixed extracts provide positive effects on immunomodulators and prevention in diabetes and eye disease complications.

우장지버섯 균사체 배양액으로 발효시킨 초산발효액 (AJA: pH 3.2, acidity 2.0, brix degree 3.2)이 streptozotocin으로 유발한 당뇨쥐의 혈당과 혈청지질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험용 식이는 AIN-76 diet를 기본으로 하여 조제하였으며 실험동물은 5주령의 평균체중이 인 Sprague-Dawly계 흰쥐를 사용하여 정상대조군(NC), 당뇨 대조군(DM), 당뇨유발 후 체중 100 g당 AJA 1/2 희

곤달비 메탄올 추출물은 100mg/kg 및 200mg/kg의 경구투여로 STZ로 유도된 당뇨병의 제반 증상을 완화하였다. 즉, STZ의 투여는 흰쥐의 체중, 수분 섭취, 식이섭취를 증가시켰으며, 혈당량, 혈청 triglyceride 량, 동맥경화 위험지수를 증가시켰으나, 곤달비 추출물의 투여는 이러한 당뇨병에 관련된 증상을 개선하였다. 이와 더불어, 위의 당뇨병 모델 쥐에서 당내성 실험에서도 곤달비 추출물이 현저한 효과를 나타내었으므로 혈당의 세포내 이행을 촉진시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상과 같은 결과로부터 곤달비 추출물은 당뇨병 및 그에 따르는 고지혈증에 유효하였으므로 당뇨병 질환의 완화를 위하여 사용될 수 있는 산채 식품인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 곤달비의 활성 물질의 입증과 그 이용에 관한 계속적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 생각된다.