This study aims to select eggplant cultivars adaptive to the hot temperature period greenhouse climate by water consumption, and growth performance of plants and fruits of different European eggplant cultivars, including ‘Bartok (BA)’, ‘Bowie (BO)’, ‘Black Pearl (BP)’, ‘Ishbilia (I)’, ‘Mabel (M)’, ‘Vestale (VE)’ and ‘Velia (VL)’, in substrate hydroponic cultivation under hot and humid greenhouse conditions. On the 118 DAT, the leaf number and stem dry weight were highest in ‘VL’, followed by ‘M’, and there was no significant difference in leaf dry weight among cultivars. The marketable fruit number per plant was 16.4 for ‘M’, which was higher than other cultivars, and ‘VE’ and ‘VL’ were 8.5 and 8.8, respectively. The weight per fruit was low for ‘M’ at 136 g, and the highest in ‘VE’ and ‘VL’ at 332 and 281 g, respectively. There was no significant difference in fruit production per plant. In this study, ‘M’, which has high water use efficiency and a large number of fruits, and ‘VL’, which required less quantity to water consumption for producing 200 g of fruit and had a high product weight, will have excellent adaptability in the UAE greenhouse condition.

In this study, we investigated the response of freshwater oligochaete, Tubifex tubifex, to the water temperature changes and the differences of substrate composition in a laboratory condition. The changes of body shape were observed in a test cage according to the water temperature change ranging from 10℃ to 30℃ with 2℃ interval every 10 minutes. The substrate preference was observed with four different substrate composition from silt-clay to coarse sand. Our results displayed that T. tubifex preferred substrates with the smallest particle size (<0.063 mm). The water temperature influenced on the activity and body shape of T. tubifex, showing low activity with the coiled and constricted body shapes at lower temperature and high activity with relaxed linear body shapes at higher temperature.

High temperature plasma coating technology has been applied to recover damaged aluminum dies from wear by spraying pure aluminum and alumina powder. However, the coated mixed powder layer composed of aluminum and alumina often undergoes a detachment from the substrate, making the coated substrate die unable to maintain its expected life span. In this study, in order to increase the bonding strength between the substrate and the coating layer, a pure aluminum layer was applied as an intermediate bond layer. In order to prepare the specimen with variable bond coating conditions, the bond coat layers with a various gun speed from 10 cm/sec to 30 cm/sec were prepared with coating cycle variations ranging from three to nine cycles. The specimen with a bond coat layer coated with a gun speed of 20 cm/sec and three coating cycles exhibited ~13MPa of adhesion strength, while the specimen without a bond coat layer showed ~6 MPa of adhesion strength. The adhesion strength with a variation of bond coat layer thickness is discussed in terms of coating parameters.

In this study, modified catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method was applied to control the CNTs (carbon nanotubes) growth. Since titanium (Ti) substrate and iron (Fe) catalysts react one another and form a new phase (Fe2TiO5) above 700℃, the decrease of CNT yield above 800℃ where methane gas decomposes is inevitable under common CCVD method. Therefore, we synthesized CNTs on the Ti substrate by dividing the tube furnace into two sections (left and right) and heating them to different temperatures each. The reactant gas flew through from the end of the right tube furnace while the Ti substrate was placed in the center of the left tube furnace. When the CNT growth temperature was set 700/950℃ (left/right), CNTs with high yield were observed. Also, by examining the micro-structure of CNTs of 700/950℃, it was confirmed that CNTs show the bamboo-like structure.

본 실험은 고온기 근권냉방이 파프리카의 배지온도 하강과 파프리카의 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 7월 16일부터 10월 15일까지 코이어 배지에서 재배 하였다. 냉방방식은 공기순환 덕트(지름 12cm, 미세구멍 (0.1mm)으로 찬 공기(7월~8월; 20 ± 2oC, 9월; 23 ± 2oC) 를 야간시간(오후 5시~오전 3시) 공급하였다. 고온기(7월 23일부터 8월 31일) 중 파프리카 배지의 일평균 온도가 냉방처리구는 24.7oC, 대조구는 28.2oC로, 냉방처리구에서 대조구보다 3.0~5.6oC 배지온도가 낮아 졌다. 하루 중 맑은 날(650~700W · m−2) 주간(오전 5시~ 오후 8시)/야간(오후8시~오전5시) 냉방처리구 배지 온도는 대조구보다 1.7oC/3.3oC 낮아졌다. 오후 6시에서 8시까지 초저녁 배지온도 하강속도가 냉방처리구에서는 평균 0.5oC/h, 대조구는 0oC/h였다. 배지 상부와 하부 간의 대조구 대비 냉방처리구의 온도차도 각각 1.3oC, 0.6oC 였다. 냉방처리는 고온(28~32oC) 배지 온도 노출율을 대조구 대비 32.5% 감소시켰다. 냉방처리구의 파프리카 광합성, 증산율 및 수분포텐셜은 대조구보다 높았다. 첫 개화시기도 대조구보다 4일 앞당겨지고, 착과수도 증가하였다. 냉방처리구의 엽장은 짧아졌으나, 초장, 경경, 분지수, 엽폭 등은 차이가 없었다. 야간 근권냉방으로 배지 온도가 3.0~5.6oC를 낮추었으나, 고온기 온실 온도가 고온에서는 파프리카 착과가 지연되므로, 지상부 온도 하강 방법을 병행하면 파프리카 생육과 착과에 효과적이라 판단된다.

We investigated the nanostructural, chemical and optical properties of nc-Si:H films according to deposition conditions. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD) techniques were used to produce nc-Si:H thin films. The hydrogen dilution ratio in the precursors, [SiH4/H2], was fixed at 0.03; the substrate temperature was varied from room temperature to 600˚C. By raising the substrates temperature up to 400˚C, the nanocrystalite size was increased from ~2 to ~7 nm and the Si crystal volume fraction was varied from ~9 to ~45% to reach their maximum values. In high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) images, Si nanocrystallites were observed and the crystallite size appeared to correspond to the crystal size values obtained by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy. The intensity of high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS) peaks at ~99.9 eV(Si L2,3 edge) was sensitively varied depending on the formation of Si nanocrystallites in the films. With increasing substrate temperatures, from room temperature to 600˚C, the optical band gap of the nc-Si:H films was decreased from 2.4 to 1.9 eV, and the relative fraction of Si-H bonds in the films was increased from 19.9 to 32.9%. The variation in the nanostructural as well as chemical features of the films with substrate temperature appears to be well related to the results of the differential scanning calorimeter measurements, in which heat-absorption started at a substrate temperature of 180˚C and the maximum peak was observed at ~370˚C.

In this study, a low temperature growth of high-quality carbon nanotubes on glass substrate using a local surface heating without heating damage to substrate was tried and characterized. The local joule heating was induced to only Ni/Ti metal film on glass substrate by applying voltage to the film. It was estimated that local surface joule heating method could heat the metal surface locally up to around 1200℃ by voltage control. We could successfully obtain high-quality carbon nanotubes grown at 300℃ by applying 125 V for joule heating as same as carbon nanotubes grown at 900℃.

We present the structural, optical, and electrical properties of amorphous silicon suboxide (a-SiOx) films grown on indium tin oxide glass substrates with a radio frequency magnetron technique from a polycrystalline silicon oxide target using ambient Ar. For different substrate-target distances (d = 8 cm and 10 cm), the deposition temperature effects were systematically studied. For d = 8cm, oxygen content in a-SiOx decreased with dissociation of oxygen onto the silicon oxide matrix; temperature increased due to enlargement of kinetic energy. For d = 10 cm, however, the oxygen content had a minimum between 150˚ and 200˚. Using simple optical measurements, we can predict a preferred orientation of liquid crystal molecules on a-SiOx thin film. At higher oxygen content (x > 1.6), liquid crystal molecules on an inorganic liquid crystal alignment layer of a-SiOx showed homogeneous alignment; however, in the lower case (x< 1.6), liquid crystals showed homeotropic alignment.

RF magnetron sputter로 알루미나 기판 위에 증착한 NTC 써미스터용 Mn-Ni계 산화물 박막의 기판온도 변화와 열처리에 따른 미세구조, 결정상, 비저항, B정수 변화에 관하여 연구하였다. 미세구조는 178˚C이하에서 증착한 막의 경우 fibrous microcrystalline이었고, 320˚C와 400˚C에서는 columnar grain 구조로 바뀌었다. 또한, 900˚C에서 열처리한 박막의 경우 equiaxed grain 형태의 미세구조를 나타내었다. 박막의 결정상은 대부분 입방 스피넬(cubic spinel)상과 Mn2O3 상이 공존하였고, 400˚C에서 증착한 경우 700˚C이상에서 열처리하면 입방 스피넬의 단상으로 바뀌었다. 기판온도가 증가함에 따라 비저항과 B정수도 급격하게 감소하였으며, 600˚C~700˚C로 열처리할 경우 이 값들이 대체로 낮고 안정된 특성을 보였다. 본 연구의 박막 시편들은 모두 NTC 써미스터의 특성을 나타내었다.

Microwave플라즈마 화학 증착법으로 다이아몬드 박막을 증착하여 morphology변화를 관찰하였다. 기판 온도가 550˚C에서 750˚C로 증가함에 따라 다이아몬드 박막의 표면 morpholoty는 111에서 100, cauliflower형태로 변화하는 것과 함께, 증착층내의 nondiamond성분이 증가하는 것을 발견하였다. 증착 층 내에 존재하는 nondiamond성분은 다이아몬드 입자의 입계에 분포하고 있음을 마이크로 Raman분석으로부터 추측할 수 있었다. 증착층의 texture orientation 을 X-선 회절 분석기로 확인한 결과, 550˚C에서는 증착층의 texture orientation이 관찰되지 않았지만 온도가 증가함에 따라<100>에서<110>으로 변화하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

본 연구는 옥상녹화 토심에 따른 온도 및 열류량 차이를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 470×270mm 크기에 높이가 10cm, 20cm, 30cm인 플라스 틱 용기를 각각 12개씩 준비한 후 플라이애쉬(fly-ash)를 채워 잔디를 식재하여 실험구를 조성하였다. 이때 아무것도 식재하지 않은 옥상바 닥을 대조구로 하였다. 실험결과 온도저감은 토심이 깊을수록 크게 나타났으며, 최고온도와 최저온도 차이는 대조구가 29.5℃로 가장 크 게 나타났으며, 그 다음으로 토심 30cm 27.2℃, 20cm 23.5℃, 10cm 23.0℃ 순으로 나타났다. 각 실험구 표면과 토양 하부의 최대온도의 차 이를 살펴보면 토심 30cm가 18.4℃로 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 토심 20cm가 16.1℃, 10cm가 14.4℃로 나타났다. 최대온도 도달시간을 살펴보면 토심 30cm는 7시간 50분이 소요되었으며, 토심 20cm는 7시간, 10cm는 4시간 50분으로 나타났다. 열류량의 변화는 측정기간 중 일사량이 가장 높았던 날(873.3W․m-2)을 기준으로 대조구에서는 408.9W․m-2를 나타낸 반면에 토심 20cm -3.8W․m-2, 30cm 2.7W․m-2, 10cm 4.5W․m-2로 나타나 토심이 깊어질수록 열전달이 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 옥상녹화를 조성함으로써 표 면온도의 감소는 물론 외기온도가 전달되는데 지연효과로 인한 차열이나 단열효과로 발생하는 냉난방 에너지 절약으로 이어질 수 있을 것 으로 판단된다.