Fossil fuel combustion during fishing activities is a major contributor to climate changes in the fishing industry. The Tier1 methodology calculation and on-site continuous measurements of the greenhouse gas were carried out through the use of fuel by the coastal and offshore gillnet (blue crabs and yellow croaker) and trap (small octopus and red snow crab) fishing boats in Korea. The emission comparison results showed that the field measurements are similar to or slightly higher than the Tier1 estimates for coastal gillnet and trap. In offshore gillnet and trap fisheries, Tier1 estimate of greenhouse gases was about 1,644-13,875 kg CO2/L, which was more than the field measurement value. The CO2 emissions factor based on the fuel usage was 2.49-3.2 kg CO2/L for coastal fisheries and 1.46-2.24 kg CO2/L for offshore fisheries. Furthermore, GHG emissions per unit catch and the ratio of field measurement and Tier1 emission estimate were investigated. Since the total catch of coastal fish was relatively small, the emission per unit catch in coastal fisheries was four to eight times larger. The results of this study could be used to determine the baseline data for responding to changes in fisheries environment and reducing greenhouse gas emission.

목적 : 본 연구는 저항운동으로 6주간 적용된 혀-유지 메뉴버 프로그램이 Shaker 운동 프로그램과 비교하여 정상성인의 삼킴 근육 활성도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2015년 10월부터 12월까지 10대에서 50대의 건강한 성인 26명을 대상으로 혀-유지 메뉴버 그룹과 Shaker 운동 그룹으로 무작위 할당하여 주 5일, 하루 1회, 30분씩 6주간 적용하였다. 표면근전도를 사용하여 설골상근 (suprahyoid muscle)과 설골하근(infrahyoid muscle)에 대한 근활성도를 수집하였다. 시각적 비율척도(Visual Analog Scale), 자각인지 척도(Borg-Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale) 척도를 사용하여 삼킴 시 노력과 피로를 측정하였다. 결과 : 혀-유지 메뉴버 그룹과 Shaker 그룹 모두 설골상근과 설골하근의 근활성도가 유의한 향상을 보였지만, 두 그룹 간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또한 두 그룹 모두 삼킴 시 노력 및 피로가 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으나, 두 그룹 간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 건강한 성인을 대상으로 6주간 혀-유지 메뉴버를 통해 삼킴 근육 근활성도에 대한 긍정적인 효과를 확인하였다. 향후에는 삼킴장애 환자를 대상으로 혀-유지 메뉴버에 대한 임상적 효용성을 검증하여 유용한 치료기법으로 사용되기를 기대한다.

In this study, we developed a thermoelectric generation system for coastal fishing boats that allows for a high-density arrangement of thermoelectric modules, verified the improvement in performance by conducting comparative analysis between field test results and results from previous studies. The developed thermoelectric generation system was installed in a 3-ton gill-netter to analyze the engine revolutions per minute and energy production per day for each fishing process over a period of 20 days. From the experimental results, the maximum electric energy generated was 207.1 Wh, the minimum was 53.93 Wh and the average electric energy was 129.98 Wh. In accordance with the increasing of the engine r.p.m., the maximum electric production was 183 W at 1,500 r.p.m. It was approximately 80.5% of designed capacity, 227.2 W. Considering the result in the earlier research was 50.7% of designed capacity, 115.8 W. It was improved by 30% compared to the earlier one. The fishing operation was classified as departure, fishing and arrival. From the result on production analysis of electric energy, the composition of energy was 63% in fishing, 19.5% in departure and 17.5% in arrival. The electric energy production per unit hour was 42.8% in arrival, 32.9% in departure and 24.3% in fishing.

본 연구는 아버지의 양육태도가 대학생 자녀의 학교생활적응에 자기효능감을 매개로 어떠한 관계가 있는지 규명함으로써 아버지의 양육태도가 자기효능감과 대학생활적응에 영향을 주고 있음을 밝히고자 하였다. 현재 4년제 대학에 재학 중인 3, 4학년 학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 후 SPSS 18.0을 활용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 각 변인의 평균, 표준편차를 도출한 후 각 측정 변인의 상관관계를 알아보기 위한 Pearson 적률상관분석을 실시하였다. 또한 지각된 아버지의 양육태도가 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 회귀분석을 시행하였다, 아버지의 양육태도와 학교생활적응 관계에서 자기효능감의 영향을 검증하기 위하여 Baron과 Kenny(1986)가 제안한 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 아버지의 양육태도인 아버지의 돌봄에서는 학교생활적응에 유의미한 정적상관으로, 아버지의 과보호는 부적상관으로 나타났다. 아버지의 양육태도는 자기효능감과 학교생활적응에 대부분 영향을 미치고 있었다. 또한 아버지의 양육태도에서 돌봄이 높을수록 자기효능감을 매개로 학교생활적응에 긍정적인 효과로 나타났다. 따라서 가정에서 아버지의 돌봄과 관심 및 관계 역할은 매우 중요하며, 과보호가 되지 않는 적절한 양육태도는 자녀의 자기효능감을 발달시키고, 대학생활을 잘 적응할 수 있도록 한다는 점을 시사하고 있다.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate differences in nursing performance of nursing college students following simulator training or video-based training for patients with respiratory distress. Methods: The study used a two-group post-intervention design. The simulator group was trained using a high-fidelity simulator and the video group with a best practices video. Nursing ability was evaluated by video recording participants during a dyspnea simulation exercise. The collected data was analyzed with a t-test using SPSS 21. Results: The simulator group showed lower scores than the video group in the preparation (t = -4.60, p < .001) and nursing intervention (t = -2.41, p = .033) categories. Conclusion: Video training is effective for simulation education in cases of dyspnea.

The demand for energy storage devices capable of operating at high temperatures is increasing. In order to operate at high temperatures, a device must have excellent thermal stability and no risk of explosion. Ionic liquids are electrolytes that satisfy the above conditions, and studies on improving their performance have attracted great interest. Here, we report the results of a study on the fabrication of a supercapacitor that has a composite electrolyte prepared by dispersing fumed silica in an ionic liquid. The fumed silica filler exhibits improved ionic conductivity and lower interfacial resistance. In particular, the silica nanoparticles with diameters of 10 nm exhibit better electrochemical properties than fillers of other diameters and have excellent device performance of 33 times higher than the pristine ionic liquid at high temperatures. This study can be used to improve the electrolytes of electrochemical devices, such as the next generation battery or lithium ion battery.

Twelve strains of bacteria with cellulase and xylanase activities were isolated from spent mushroom substrates collected from button mushroom cultivation farm, Buye, Chungcheongnam-do in Korea. Among them, one strain, designated NO12, with higher cellulase and xylanase activities was selected by agar diffusion method. The strain NO12 was identified to be a Bacillus sp. by biochemical characteristics using Bacillus ID kit and MicroLog system. Comparative 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NO12 formed a distinct phylogenetic tree within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus subtilis with 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity of 99.2%. Based on its physiological properties, biochemical characteristics, and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain NO12 was classified within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus subtilis NO12 was proposed. The cellulase and xylanase activities of B. subtilis NO12 were slightly increased according to bacterial population from exponential phase to stationary phase in the growth curve for B. subtilis NO12. The xylanase activity continuously increased from the beginning of the exponential phase and exhibited maximum activity in the middle of the exponential phase.

In this study, we investigate the potential use of persimmon peels (PP) in mushroom culture medium for the production of functional mushrooms. Pleurotus eryngii was cultivated in medium supplemented with PP (SMPP) at the following concentrations: 0% SMPP (control), 5% SMPP, 10% SMPP, 15% SMPP, 20% SMPP, or 30% SMPP. The total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging ability, ABTS cation scavenging ability, and reducing power of P. eryngii cultivated in SMPP were investigated. P. eryngii cultured in 20% SMPP produced the highest values for all four measurements. Total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation scavenging ability, and reducing power all increased upon the addition of PP. Based on our results, we can conclude that persimmon peels are a highly valuable supplement for functional mushroom culture medium.

본 연구는 「축산물의 가공기준 및 성분규격」에 기준 규격은 설정되어 있지 않으나, 국제 기준과의 조화를 위해 콜린의 분석법을 마련하고자 수행하였다. 조제유류에 함유된 콜린 함량 분석을 위해 IC를 이용한 분석법을 확립하고 시중에 유통 중인 제품을 대상으로 적용성을 검토 하였다. 콜린 표준품을 이용하여 IC를 이용한 기기분석조건을 확립하고 시료중의 콜린을 추출하여 분석하였다. 분석법 검증은 특이성, 직선성, 검출한계 및 정량한계, 정확성, 정밀성에 대해 수행되었다. 0.5~10 mg/L의 농도범위에서 R2= 0.999 이상의 우수한 직선성을 확인할 수 있었으며, LOD와 LOQ는 각각 0.14, 0.43 mg/L였다. CRM (NISTSRM 1849a) 및 표준물질 첨가법을 이용하여 정확성을 검토하였으며, CRM에서 95%, 조제분유에서 90~91%, 조제 우유에서 81~98%의 회수율을 확인할 수 있었다. 정밀성을 검토한 결과 시료 채취량에 따른 반복성은 RSD값이 조제 분유 0.4~2.0%, 조제우유 0.5~1.5%, 영아용조제식 0.6~1.0%, 성장기용조제식 0.8~2.7%,로 확인하였으며, 실험일자에 따른 재현성은 조제분유 3.1%, 조제우유 2.5%, 영아용조제식 4.8%, 성장기용조제식 2.7%로 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 확립된 분석법을 적용하여 조제분유 11건, 조제우유 2 건, 성장기용조제분유 9건, 영아용조제식 2건, 성장기용조 제식 8건 등 국내 유통 중인 조제유류 및 영아용·성장 기용조제식 등 32건에 대해 적용성 검토를 실시한 결과 전체 시료에서 분석이 용이하였으며, 모두 표시기준에 적합함을 확인하였다.

This study investigated the drag coefficient and lift coefficient of thirteen kinds of knotless nettings used for large purse seine gear. By comparing the hydrodynamic characteristics with nets of the previous study, the characteristics of this study were derived as a purse seine gear. Thirteen kinds of nettings with different length of bar () and diameter () were used in the experiment, out of which six kinds used the 30 mm in mesh size and three kinds with 40 mm. The drag coefficient ( ) also increased with increasing . It can be expressed as        at a current speed 0.4 m/s and        at a current speed 0.5 m/s. Compared with previous studies, drag coefficient values were similar to knotless net of similar  and smaller than drag coefficient of knot net. Therefore, using knotless net in a purse seine has the advantage of reducing the resistance acting on the purse seine gear.

목적: 본 연구에서는 3종의 소프트콘택트렌즈에 침착시켰을 때 리퀴드 아이라이너에 함유된 산화철 성분에 따라 소프트콘택트렌즈의 착색 정도 및 세척 가능 여부의 차이를 알아보았다. 방법: 적색산화철, 황색산화철, 흑색산화철이 각각 함유되어 있는 리퀴드 아이라이너 3종과 두 가지 혹은 세 가지의 산화철이 혼합되어 있는 리퀴드 아이라이너 3종을 식염수에 희석 시킨 후에 somofilcon A, nesofilcon A, galyfilcon A, etafilcon A 렌즈에 1시간 동안 담가 둔 후와 다목적 용액으로 세척 후의 착색 정도 변화를 육안 관찰 및 가시광선투과도 측정을 하였다. 결과: Etafilcon A 와 somofilcon A 렌즈는 흑색산화철이 함유된 아이라이너에 침착되었을 때 착색 정도가 가장 컸으며, nesofilcon A 렌즈는 황색산화철이 함유된 아이라이너에 침착 되었을 때 착색정도가 가장 컸다. Galyfilcon A 렌즈는 적색산화철, 적색산화철과 황색산화 철이 함유된 아이라이너에서 착색정도가 가장 컸다. 황색산화철이 함유된 아이라이너에 침착된 nesofilcon A 렌즈의 경우 다목적용액으로 세척 후에도 착색이 가장 많이 남아있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 리퀴드 아이라이너에 의해 소프트콘택트렌즈가 착색되며, 리퀴드 아이라이너에 함유된 산화철 성분에 따라서는 특정 재질의 렌즈에서 비가역적인 착색을 유발하여 다목적 용액을 이용한 세척에도 원상복귀가 되지 않음을 확인하였다. 따라서 소프트콘 택트렌즈 착용자에게 착색이 유발되는 화장품에 대한 사전 교육이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

The renewable energy sources can be thought of one of the major measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the industries. However, the utilization technology for those sources is approaching in the different matters. One of them, thermoelectric generation might be applicable to fishing industry. A various of internal combustion engines are used in a wide range of fisheries. After the ignition process, the heat passed out from the exhaust outlet. Recycling the heat could be not only an energy source but also reduction of green gas emission. Therefore, this study was designed to verify the feasibility of generation from wasted exhaust gas and analyze the performance. The designed experiment devices were connected with a data logger and an electric loader to quantify the currency and voltage. The devices were installed in a coastal fishing vessel for a gillnet fishery. During the whole fishing trips, the amount of generation was measured by engine rpm and the fishing operation procedures including vessel operations. At the maximum 1,500 rpm in the practical range, the generation amount was 113.6 W. The amount difference in relation to connection method was within 5 W: serial connection was 111.4 W and parallel connection was 115.8 W.