The retractable roof structure is used in various fields and it is classified for steel retractable system and soft retractable system. For the domestic industry, it is in the initial phase now and the demand of the retractable roof structure is expected to increase in the future. Therefore, this paper is classified for steel retractable system and soft retractable system from the retractable roof structures in overseas to survey and analyze the cases of wind velocity on retractable roof structure in Japan that uses the same wind velocity criteria like Korea regarding the open-close time and average open-close time for retractable roof area.

In this paper, it is covered in detail the process of generating structural alternatives with geometry change and its optimization by StrAuto. The main roof structure of the Exhibition Center is modelled parametrically and the optimal alt is derived by observing volume changes according to geometry change of main roof truss. Existing studies performed optimization process through sections and properties due to the limitations of shape change, but this study have meaning of performing the optimization with geometry changes which is the most critical skills of StrAuto. By the process of securing a sufficient margin by geometry changes and reducing volume with the optimization of sections, despite of a partial optimization of large space structure, it could be reduced by 11.7% of the total volume.

In this study, to estimate the combination of earthquake magnitude (Mw) and distance (R) corresponding to the design spectrum defined in Korean Building Code (KBC) 2016, the response spectra predicted from the attenuation relationships with the variation of Mw (5.0~7.0) and R (10~30km) are compared with the design spectrum in KBC 2016. Four attenuation relationships, which were developed based on local site characteristics and seismological parameters in Southern Korea and Eastern North America (ENA), are used. As a result, the scenario ground motions represented by the combinations of Mw and R corresponding to the design spectrum for Seoul defined in KBC 2016 are estimated as (1) when R =10 km, Mw = 6.2~6.7; (2) when R = 15 km, Mw = 6.5~6.9; and (3) when R = 20 km, Mw = 6.7~7.1.

현재 사용되고 있는 대부분의 풍진동해석법은 진동수영역의 스펙트럼 해석법에 기초하고 있다. 스펙트럼해석법은 하중 및 응답의 위상각을 무시하게 되며 그에 따라 병진방향 및 비틀림 방향의 모드 응답조합이 어려워질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 일반화 밑면 모멘트 스펙트럼밀도함수로부터 재생된 풍하중 시간이력을 이용하여 병진, 비틀림 방향이 연계된 구조물의 응답을 해석하는 시간이력 해석법에 대해서 다룬다. 제시된 시간이력 해석법의 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 직사각형 평면을 가지는 40층 규모의 구조물을 대상으 로 해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석결과에 의하면, 시간이력해석법에 의하여 질량중심으로부터 멀리 떨어진 곳의 비틀림 모드에 의한 응답특성을 파악할 수 있었으며, 병진방향과 비틀림방향 모드 응답의 조합에 의하여 보다 정확한 응답예측이 가능한 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 해석된 응답을 이용하여 사용성능 및 처짐 성능평가를 수행할 수 있기 때문에 예비설계 단계에서 보다 정밀한 내풍 성능평가가 가능한 것을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 초고층 건물의 풍동실험에서 얻어진 풍하중에 대하여 모드에 기초한 풍응답 해석을 수행하여 사용성을 검토하고, 목표 응답수준을 획득할 수 있는 수동 및 능동 질량형 장치의 예비설계까지 수행 가능한 프로그램을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 프로그램을 실제 초고층 건물의 풍동실험결과에 적용하여 TMD와 AMD의 설계를 수행하였으며, 가속도 응답과 질량체 이송거리를 중심으로 결과를 비교분석하였다. TMD와 AMD 모두 요구되는 응답 수준을 만족하는 최소의 질량체를 사용하는 경우 질량체 이송거리가 증가하는 문제점이 발생하였다. 특히 AMD는 TMD 보다 적은 질량체로도 사용성 기준을 만족하는 응답수준을 획득할 수 있다는 장점이 있었으나, 질량체의 이송거리가 지나치게 커지는 문제점이 있으며, 고주파통과필터와 같은 부가적인 이송거리 저감대책이 요구된다.

This paper deals with steel braced frame as increasing the lateral strength and ductility in order to seismic retrofit of existing buildings and discusses the designing criteria and calculation method of retrofitted buildings. The addition of steel braced frame can be effective for increasing the lateral strength and ductility of existing buildings. However, There is a problem in utilizing this method. It is the approach to provide an adequate connection between the existing RC frame and the installed steel braced frame, because global strength by failure mode(three type) depends on detail of connection and strength of existing RC frame. So, the designer must be confirmed if it satisfies the required performance or not. Failure mode of type I is the most appropriate for increasing the lateral strength and ductility. Seismic performance evaluation and strength calculation of seismic retrofit are performed by guideline by KISTEC(Korea Infrastructure Safety & Technology)’s “seismic performance evaluation and rehabilitation of existing buildings” and Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association. Buildings are modeled and non-linear pushover analysis are performed using MIDAS program.

비정형 초고층 구조물은 골조 직교성이 해제되고, 형상이 복잡해 기존 설계방식보다 많은 문제점이 발생된다. 비정형성으로 인한 문제점은 설계안을 지속적으로 변경시켜 프로젝트의 효율성을 저하시킨다. 또한 해외프로젝트의 경우 해당업체 간혹은 해당국가 간 의견차로 국내보다 더욱 많은 변경상황이 발생되고 있다. 따라서 지속적인 변경상황에 전산플랫폼을 사용할 경우 효율적으로 설계변경업무에 대처할 수 있다. 파라메트릭 기반의 전산플랫폼인 StrAuto를 이용할 경우 최적의 구조 설계대안을 신속히 선정할 수 있다. 특히 StrAuto는 비선형 내진성능평가를 위한 해석 툴 간의 신속한 모델링 연동도 효율적으로 가능하다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 지진하중 변경에 따른 전산플랫폼을 이용한 내진성능평가 프로세스를 현재 구조설계가 진행 중인 몽골지역 최고층 빌딩 프로젝트에 적용하고 검증하려 한다.

The objective of this study is to find out the recent trends of hanok design based on 58 hanoks appeared in architecture magazines in the last 10 years. The cases are analyzed in terms of location, size, building form, spatial organization, material, roof form, and the ceiling form of living room. The consequences of this study is as follows; Most of the recent hanoks are built in rural area (91.4%), which shows the hanok is not accepted as an urban house type. Hanoks tend to be built in 2 stories whose 2nd floor is smaller than the 1st floor. (34.5%) The preferred size is total floor area of 99.2 ~ 165.2㎡ (62.0%), 3 rooms (46.6%) with a traditional ondol room (60.3%). The buildings with ㄱ-shape (43.1%) and linear-shape (27.6%) are preferred, and the compact plan type similar with apartment house appears (13.8%). In the roof design that greatly influences the appearance of building, the traditional design factors such as half-hipped roof (55.2%), double eaves (27.6%), and eaves curve tend to be sustained. In terms of spatial organization, most of recent hanoks have double-layed plan (74.2%). The living room mostly has separately defined space. (82.8%) The indoor and outdoor tend to be connected by a narrow wooden veranda (39.7%), while some cases don't have any wooden floor space (48.3%). The entrance is adopted as an important spatial element in front part of building (75.9%), and it influences the appearance of building. The living room, the counterpart of the wooden floor hall in traditional hanok, and kitchen tend to be interiorized. In terms of material, the cement roof tile and red clay brick are preferred. Consequently, the walls of recent hanoks have the image of brick structure rather than the wooden frame structure of traditonal hanok.

본 연구에서는 풍진동 제어 기술의 하나로 현재 대부분의 초고층 건축물에 적용되고 있는 아웃리거 시스템에 댐퍼를 설치한 아웃리거 댐퍼 시스템에 대하여 수치해석모델과 상용 구조해석프로그램을 사용한 모델을 사용하여 최적설계 및 변수연구를 수행하였다. 먼저 아웃리거 댐퍼의 거동 특성을 반영하도록 상태방정식을 사용한 단자유도 수치 모델을 설계하였고 상용 구조해석 프로그램을 사용해서 최적설계를 위한 다자유도모델을 설계하였다. 강성이 고려되지 않고 오직 댐퍼의 감쇠에 의한 최적 위치는 최상층인 것으로 나타났지만 중간 이상의 층에서는 댐퍼의 높이에 따른 성능 변화가 크지 않기 때문에 강성과 감쇠가 복합적으로 운동에 참여하는 실제 구조물의 경우 최적의 위치가 최상층이 아닌 다른 층에 존재한다. 아웃리거 댐퍼시스템은 기존 일반적인 아웃리거 시스템과 비교할 때 가속도 응답을 줄이는데 있어 매우 효과적인 것을 확인하였다.

중정형 건축물의 중정측 외장재 설계를 위한 외압계수분포 특징을 알아보기 위해 풍압실험을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 형상비와 중정의 폭을 변화시킨 4개의 모형을 제작하였으며, 풍동실험은 금오공과대학교 토출식 경계층풍동에서 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 중정측의 외압계수는 건물외측의 외압계수보다 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

The goal of this paper is to analyze the relationship between pedagogy and the emergence of contemporary Korean architecture after the 1990s. For this purpose, the paper deals with the education and work of two important contemporary Korean architects, Kim Seung Hoy and Choi Wook. Kim and Choi were part of a group of young architects that went abroad in the 1980s to study at the centers of architectural education in Europe and the United States. Through their education and work, the paper discusses the relationship among education, history, and design practice in architecture. During their studies at Michigan University and IUAV in Venice, they were commonly influenced by Colin Rowe through their studios. In the case of Kim Seung Hoy, he was introduced to the Beaux Arts logic of the analytique and esquisse through the teaching of Steven Hurrt, a disciple of Colin Rowe. Choi Wook took studios that involved formal analysis and comparison of Palladio and Le Corbusier. The paper further analyzes their works in Korea by employing the concepts of fragments and systems, ignorance and knowledge. The paper concludes that, in Korean contemporary architecture, fragments and systems, ignorance and knowledge, lie in the middle of ongoing creative process that must distinguished from the West, where architectural history provides an established tradition of systematic knowledge.

Alberti's De re aedificatoria is the earliest case in the history of Italian Renaissance architectural treatises dealing with recovery of antiquity through textual and archaeological pursuits. The key source of the Renaissance theoreticians was Vitruvius' De architectura. However, Alberti was keenly aware of inaccuracy and Hellenization of Latinity in this classical text, and tried to compensate them in his own treatise. Furthermore he claimed a reformed discipline of the architects as well as the patrons, and prescribed how future buildings and cities should be built, based on the proper authority of ancient architecture in proper and intelligible Latin. Such an adaptation of classical usage in order to reestablish a modern norm preceded in his earlier work Momus, a satire on the contemporary Italian society of his own by following the model of Lucian. Alberti's suggestion of proper government in Momus's phrase was expanded in De re aedificatoria, for he consider the buildings are subject to the rules of morality and public interests. He proclaimed that the nature of beauty is the reasoned harmony of every part within a body, and architectural beauty also lies on the harmonized arrangement of all the elements within an individual building and of all individual buildings and facilities within a city. For the architects to execute this task, he formulated the concept of lineanenta, the form derived from the mind in order to prescribe the proper place, numbers, scale, and orders for whole building structure. It is the future oriented city-plans and building designs to serve the public interest and the good of all the individual citizens who make up the City-State that Alberti pursued in his treatise.

In this study, I attempted to the architectural design characteristics of Daeung-Jeon in Sudeok Temple. For this purpose, After I set up several assumptions in the basis of the general characteristics of Korean wood architecture, and then, analyzed floor plan, structural formation and section sizes of structure and bracket members in relation to module and unit. As the results, the characteristics of the design process of plan and structure are follows. (1) 1 ja(尺), the unit applied to this building is measured $307.6{\sim}318.3mm$) and the average is 312.9mm (2) It is estimated that the floor plan designed on the basis of the top of columns. By the applied unit, every bay of the front side and the side is each designed by 15 ja and 8.5 ja. (3) The section is composed of piled members which have same section size. As basic module of section size called 'jae(재;材)', it is estimated at width 0.45 ja by height 0.75 ja. And as the secondary module, height between jae and is called 'gyoe(계;)' and it wes designed by three height size of 0.25 ja, 0.27 ja and 0.30 ja, (4) It is estimated that the section plan was designed by the order as follows. Firstly, the horizontal position of purlins wes decided on the basis of the intersection point of long and short rafters, and then the position and the section size of purlins and jangheyo(長舌) wes decided on the basis of the slope of roof and rafters. Secondly, going down from purlins, the members of structure composed of 'jae' and 'gyoe' was repeated. Lastly, for the purpose of linking the structure members located on the center line of adjacent purlins organically, the height of whaban(화반) was controlled.

본 논문에서 건축구조물의 풍응답 구현을 위한 선형질량가진기(linear mass shaker, LMS)와 능동동조질량감쇠기(active tuned mass damper, ATMD)를 이용한 가진시스템을 제안한다. 가진시스템을 위한 가진기의 힘은 가진기에 의한 구조물의 목표응답의 전달함수를 사용하여 계산된다. 필터와 포락곡선함수는 예측하지 못한 모드응답에 의한 가진과 초기 과도응답을 제거함으로써 실제 바람에 의한 응답과 가진기에 의한 응답의 오차를 최소화하기 위하여 사용되었다. 수치예제로는 풍동실험을 통한 풍하중이 주어진 76층 벤치마크 구조물을 이용하여 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 그 결과는 특정층에 설치된 가진시스템은 풍하중이 전층에 가진되었을 때의 응답을 근사하게 구현할 수 있음을 보여준다. 제안된 방법에 의해 설계된 가진시스템은 실제 건축구조물의 풍응답 특성을 평가하는데, 그리고 풍하중을 받는 건물의 정확한 수치모델을 얻는데 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.

In this paper, excitation systems using linear mass shaker (LMS) and active tuned mass damper (ATMD) are presented in order to simulate the wind induced responses of a building structure. The actuator force for the excitation systems is calculated by using the inverse transfer function of a target structural response to the actuator. Filter and envelop function are used such that the error between the wind and actuator induced responses is minimized by preventing the actuator from exciting unexpected modal response and initial transient response. The analyses results from a 76-story benchmark building problem in which wind load obtained by wind tunnel test is given, indicate that the excitation system installed at a specific floor can approximately embody the structural responses induced by the wind load applied to each floor of the structure. The excitation system designed by the proposed method can be effectively used for evaluating the wind response characteristics of a practical building structure and for obtaining an accurate analytical model of the building under wind load.

막 구조물을 설계하기 위해서는 우선 초기장력 도입으로 인한 구조물의 형상을 정확히 알아야 한다. 이를 위해서 모형을 통한 모델링이나 컴퓨터를 이용한 형상해석이 요구되며, 초기장력의 도입으로 형성되는 막 구조물의 곡면은 일반적으로 등장력 곡면이다. 이와 같은 특성을 가진 막 구조물은 모형만을 대상으로 형상을 구할 때에는 정량적으로 형상의 정보를 얻기가 힘들고, 형상해석만을 수행한 경우는 예기치 않은 문제가 발생하기도 한다. 또 설계자의 의도에 따른 형상은 실질적으로 등장력 곡면에 부합되지 않는 경우가 많고, 심지어 실현 불가능한 발생한다. 따라서 설계프로세스에 따른 구조물의 형상에 부합되면서 실현가능한 형상으로의 초기형상 결정과정은 막 구조물의 설계에 있어서 무엇보다 중요한 과정이다. 본 연구에서는 건축 설계프로세스에 따른 모델링과 수치적 형상해석과의 결과에 대한 차이를 살펴보고 피드벡 과정을 통하여 막 구조물의 초기형상을 결정하는 프로세스에 대해서 연구한다.