본 연구에서는 구조용강 시험편 내의 크랙의 성장특성을 주제로 하여 중앙크랙만이 존재하는 시험편과 중앙 크랙의 주변에 대칭으로 구멍들이 존재하는 시험편에 대한 파괴역학적 거동을 규명하고자 하였다. 구조용강으로 만들어진 시험편 내에 두 가지의 조건들을 적용하여 인장실험을 수행하였으며, 이를 통하여 시험편의 응력, Strain energy와 변형량에 대하여 해석하였다. 그리고 이러한 실험값들을 바탕으로 하여 응력확대계수를 구하였으며, 구해진 실험값들의 검증을 위하여 ANSYS 유한요소 해석 프로그램을 사용하여 시뮬레이션 해석을 수행하였다.

As the designated name, adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specific (ANOS) revealed lack of histomorphologic characteristics that could classify the tumors under specific name. ANOS had nothing in common with other salivary gland malignancies, but glandular differentiation. The purpose of this study is to find out the solid characteristics of ANOS on the base of cytological and architectural features. 20 ANOS cases were studied. We identified 20 patients with salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, ranging in age from 26 to 76 years (median, 53.85 years), with slight female predilection (female 11: male 9). The minor salivary gland was the most common site of tumor origin, especially on the palatal area (11 out of 20). The size of tumor was from 1.0 to 7.0(median 3.07). For the histopathological analysis, we classified the tumors by cytological and architecture patterns. Basaloid and epitheloid cytological patterns were showed with solid, microcystic/pseudocystic architecture. We found invasive growth patterns in 7 out of 20 cases. Reviewing and classifying the common features of ANOS could be helpful to make a diagnosis of malignant salivary gland tumors.

In military, Electro-optic/Infra-red system that is used to obtain the target image of high performance induced blur images by the vibration of the carrier and inner optical devices. Optical devices of the EO/IR is constituted by the optical lens, detector and mechanical assembly. High performance detectors for IR camera are typically used for stirling cryocooler to maintain the temperature of the detection surface cryogenically. However, This cooler induces a blur image on detector surface by the vibration. In this study, we performed modal analysis and response analysis of the mounting structure design which can minimize the vibration of the cooler and detector. Also, We confirmed that we were designed robust mounting structure according to the vibration through the response analysis models the inner gimbal and optics.

Ohmic heating uses electric resistance heat which occurs equally and rapidly inside food when the electrical current is transmitted into. Prior to the study, we have researched the potato starch’s thermal property changes during ohmic heating. Comparing with conventional heating, the gelatinization temperature and the range of potato starch treated by ohmic heating are increased and narrowed respectively. This result is appeared equally at wheat, corn and sweet potato starch. At this study, we treated potato, wheat, corn and sweet potato starch by ohmic/conventional method and observed change of external structure by microscope and internal structure by X-ray diffractometer. Conventional heated at 55℃ potato starch was not external structural changes. But ohmic heated potato starch is showed largely change. Some small size starch particle were broken or small particles are made of larger particle together or small particles caught up in the large particle. Changes in ohmic heated potato starch at 60℃ was greater. The inner matter came to an external particle burst inside and only the husk has been observed. The same change was observed in the rest of the starch. The change of internal structure of potato starch was measured using X-ray diffraction patterns. There was no significant difference between ohmic and conventional heating at 55℃. But almost every peak has disappeared ohmic at 60℃. Especially 5.4° peak to represent the type B was completely gone. When viewed from the above results, external changes with change in the internal crystal structure of the starch particles were largely unknown to appear. In conclusion, during ohmic heating changes of starch due to the electric field with a change in temperature by the heating was found to have progressed at the same time.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural stability of pavement due to water infiltration at the road with infiltration trench as using the FEM(finite element analysis). Five cases for FEM is divided considering the amount of rainfall and rain duration time. The results of FEM show that the more rainfall in a short period time is faster the change of moisture content. Also, it is the proportional relationship between and changing area of moisture content of more than 40% due to rainfall. Case 3 and 4 are necessary to check the installation of infiltration trench because of moisture content of more than 40%, recovery time of initial moisture content, and changing area of more than 40%. Case 1,2, and 5 have no a significant effect on road pavement structure due to lower moisture content and shorter duration time of higher moisture content.

현대 목조 구조물은 일반적으로 접합철물인 연결재를 이용하여 접합된다. 그리고 목조 구조물에서 다수의 연결재를 사용한 접합부는 반강접 접합부를 만든다. 목조 구조물에 접합부가 핀접합으로 설계될 경우에 접합부를 통해 전달되는 하중이 과소 평가되고 이것은 접합부의 저항능력 부족을 초래한다. 목조 구조물의 접합부를 완전 강접합으로 고려할 경우에 접합에 필요한 접합철물의 양이 과도하게 증가 할 수 있다. 이것은 미적인 요소 뿐만 아니라 시공성과 경제성을 저하시킨다. 접합부의 합리적인 강성에 대한 추정은 목조 구조물의 합리적인 접합부의 설계에 필수적인 요소이다. 이 논문은 목조 구조물의 구조설계를 쉽게 수행할 수 있도록 도움을 주기 위하여 2면 전단접합에 대하여 구조설계에서 널리 이용되는 상용 프로그램을 사용하여 접합부의 근사적인 강성을 나타낼 수 있는 해석 모델링 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 근사해석 모델링 기법은 휨 모멘트, 인장에 대한 실험 결과와 해석결과를 비교하여 접합부의 거동을 나타낼 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

In recent years, technology has been developed the way the volume of the portable communication device is reduced but its performance is maintained. The COF(Chip On Film) packaging method is used due to the densification of the lead pitch, especially for the display driver IC. During COF packaging, lead break and film detachment could occur by the high bonding temperature and pressure, and possibility for lead interference can emerge by deformation of leads. In this study, a new double-column arrangement of leads is considered to increase lead density further than the existing zigzag arrangement of leads, and nonlinear structural analysis was carried out to examine whether the interference can occur. The results showed that stress and deformation of the corner region appear relatively higher than those of central region, and interference did not occur by the lead strain for the double-column arrangement of leads with pitch of 25μm. Therefore, double-column lead arrangement can improve lead density by about 176% compared to the zigzag lead arrangement

본 논문에서는 헤테로 애피택시(heteroepitaxy) 박막의 표면확산계수를 국부적으로 제어하여 표면에서 형성되는 나노구조물이 정렬되는 과정을 수치해석적으로 연구하였다. 격자 불일치 물질계(lattice-mismatched materials system)의 탄성변형에너지와 표면자유에너지, 그리고 습윤에너지를 고려하여 박막의 변형거동에 대한 지배방정식을 도출하였으며, 확산계수의 활성화 조건이 성장에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 해석결과는 주기함수 형식으로 표면확산계수를 제어하면 표면구조물이 배열형태로 정렬됨을 나타내며, 이는 노광 및 식각 과정을 거쳐야 하는 포토리소그래피(photolithography)로부터 탈피한 바텀업(bottom-up) 방식의 공정방법에 규칙성을 부여하여 차세대 나노기기의 개발에 일조할 것으로 기대된다.

LNG 선박에서 발생하는 슬로싱 충격하중은 다상유동 및 기체의 압축효과에 따라 CCS에서 발생하는 압력과 구조응답에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 슬로싱 운동 시 LNG의 유동에 의해 발생하는 슬로싱 충격을 시뮬레이션하기 위해서 다상유동을 적용한 수치해석 모델을 제시하였으며, 그 결과를 실험과 비교하여 타당성을 검토하였다. 또한 효율적인 구조응답 계산을 위해 분사모델을 이용한 유체구조 연성해석 방법에 대해서 검토하고 멤브레인형 Mark III 화물창의 강도평가에 적용하여 LNG 화물창의 강도평가를 위한 가능성을 검토하였다.

본 논문에서는 복합재 구조물에 손상이 있을 경우, 손상에 의해 변화된 구조물의 동적특성을 손상이 없는 상태로 회복하여, 전체 시스템의 안정성을 유지할 수 있도록 하였다. 층간 분리가 있는 구조물의 유한요소모델 구축을 위하여 향상된 층간 변위장 모델을 적용하였으며, 유한요소해석을 진행하여 구조물의 고유 진동수와 모드 형상을 관찰하였다. 능동제어 알고리즘과 압전 작동기를 적용하여 구조물의 진동 응답특성을 확인하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 손상된 구조물의 동적특성을 손상이 없는 상태로 회복할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

근래 국내 초고층 주상복합 건물에는 철근콘크리트구조가 보편적으로 적용되는데, 이러한 철근콘크리트 초고층 주상복합 건물은 시공 시점에 따라 구조적인 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서, 시공 중인 철근콘크리트 초고층 주상복합 건물에 대하여, 시공 시점별 구조 안전성 및 횡력저항성능을 검토하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 예제 모델로 탑상형의 초고층 주상복합 60층 건물을 선정했고, 기존의 범용구조해석 프로그램을 사용하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 각 시공 시점별 10층, 20층, 30층, 40층, 50층, 60층 완료모델과 60층 완공단계 모델의 구조성능을 비교하였다. 구조성능 비교를 위해 이 모델들의 고유치해석을 수행하였으며, 횡력저항성능과 부재별 단면성능을 검토하였다. 횡력저항성능 검토를 위해 횡변위비와 층간변위비를 검토했고, 부재별 단면성능 검토는 완공단계에 대한 설계강도비와 시공단계의 설계강도비를 비교하여 부재안전성을 검토하였다. 이 연구를 통해, 시공 중인 철근콘크리트 초고층 건물의 구조 안전성을 검토하고 시공단계에 적합한 구조해석 및 설계하중의 가이드라인을 제시하고자 한다.

해상수색구조 책임기관인 해양경비안전본부는 해양사고에 대하여 적절히 대응한 것으로 평가되어 왔으나, 최근 발생한 세월호사고 발생 직후 초기단계의 신속 효율적인 대응에 실패함으로 인해 비판을 받게되었다. 이와 관련하여 저자는 향후 발생할 수 있는 해양사고시 인명손실을 최소화하기 위한 방안을 모색하기 위해 우리나라 해역에서 발생하는 해양사고의 특징을 분석하고, 수색구조조정과 인적자원을 중심으로 국가수색구조체계를 검토·분석하였다. 그 결과, 해양경비안전본부는 특히 연안역 해양사고에 신속하게 대응하기 위하여 고속구명정 및 구조헬기를 확충하여야 한다. 그리고 현행 조정체계의 운용상 문제점을 개선하기 위해 IMO 지침에 맞춰 구조조정 본부설치를 재조정하여야 하며, 수색구조요원의 전문성 제고를 위한 의무적 교육 및 자격 제도의 도입이 필요하다.

PURPOSES : In this study, an image analysis method is used to evaluate the pore structure characteristics and permeability of hybrid concrete. METHODS: The binder weight of hybrid concrete is set to 400 kg/m3, 370kg/m3, and 350 kg/m3, and for each value of binder weight, the pore structure and permeability of concrete mixture is evaluated. The permeability of hybrid concrete is evaluated using a rapid chloride penetration test(RCPT). RESULTS : The concrete pore structure characteristics of hybrid concrete reveals that as the binder weight is reduced, the entrained air is reduced and the entrapped air is increased. The permeability of the hybrid concrete for all values was measured to be below 1000 C, which indicates a "Very Low" level of permeability relative to the evaluation standard of KS F 2711. Additionally, as the binder weight is decreased, there is a significant increase in the permeability of chloride ions. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, the pore structure characteristics of hybrid concrete at different binder weights shows that as the binder weight is reduced, the entrained air is reduced and the entrapped air is increased. Consequently, chloride ion penetration resistance of the hybrid concrete is diminished. As a result, it is expected that this will reduce the concrete’s durability.

This paper proposes a novel way of fabricating aligned porous Sn by freeze-drying of camphene slurry with stannic oxide (SnO2) coated Sn powders. The SnO2 coated Sn powders were prepared by surface oxidation of the initial and ball-milled Sn powders, as well as heat treatment of tin chloride coated Cu powders. Camphene slurries with 10 vol% solid powders were prepared by mixing at 50 oC with a small amount of oligomeric polyester dispersant. Freezing the slurry was done in a Teflon cylinder attached to a copper bottom plate cooled at −25 oC. Improved dispersion stability of camphene slurry and the homogeneous frozen body was achieved using the oxidized Sn powder at 670 oC in air after ball milling. The porous Sn specimen, prepared by freeze-drying of the camphene slurry with oxidized Sn powder from the heat-treated Sn/tin chloride mixture and sintering at 1100 oC for 1 h in a hydrogen atmosphere, showed large pores of about 200 μm, which were aligned parallel to the camphene growth direction, and small pores in their internal walls. However, 100 μm spherical particles were observed in the bottom part of the specimen due to the melting of the Sn powder during sintering of the green compact.

This study suggested comprehensive structural characterization methods for the commercial blue light emitting diodes(LEDs). By using the Z-contrast intensity profile of Cs-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope(HAADF-STEM) images from a commercial lateral GaN-based blue light emitting diode, we obtained important structural information on the epilayer structure of the LED, which would have beendifficult to obtain by conventional analysis. This method was simple but very powerful to obtain structural and chemical information on epi-structures in a nanometer-scale resolution. One of the examples was that we could determine whether the barrier in the multi-quantum well(MQW) was GaN or InGaN. Plan-view TEM observations were performed from the commercial blue LED to characterize the threading dislocations(TDs) and the related V-pit defects. Each TD observed in the region with the total LED epilayer structure including the MQW showed V-pit defects for almost of TDs independent of the TD types: edge-, screw-, mixed TDs. The total TD density from the region with the total LED epilayer structure including the MQW was about 3.6 × 108 cm−2 with a relative ratio of Edge- : Screw- :Mixed-TD portion as 80%: 7%: 13%. However, in the mesa etched region without the MQW total TD density was about 2.5 × 108 cm−2 with a relative ratio of Edge- : Screw- :Mixed TD portion of 86%: 5%: 9 %. The higher TD density in the total LED epilayer structure implied new generation of TDs mostly from the MQW region.

This paper presents a detailed procedure for a nonlinear soil-structure interaction of a seismically isolated NPP(Nuclear Power Plant) structure using the boundary reaction method (BRM). The BRM offers a two-step method as follows: (1) the calculation of boundary reaction forces in the frequency domain on an interface of linear and nonlinear regions, (2) solving the wave radiation problem subjected to the boundary reaction forces in the time domain. For the purpose of calculating the boundary reaction forces at the base of the isolator, the KIESSI-3D program is employed in this study to solve soil-foundation interaction problem subjected to vertically incident seismic waves. Wave radiation analysis is also employed, in which the nonlinear structure and the linear soil region are modeled by finite elements and energy absorbing elements on the outer model boundary using a general purpose nonlinear FE program. In this study, the MIDAS/Civil program is employed for modeling the wave radiation problem. In order to absorb the outgoing elastic waves to the unbounded soil region, spring and viscous-damper elements are used at the outer FE boundary. The BRM technique utilizing KIESSI-3D and MIDAS/Civil programs is verified using a linear soil-structure analysis problem. Finally the method is applied to nonlinear seismic analysis of a base-isolated NPP structure. The results show that BRM can effectively be applied to nonlinear soil-structure interaction problems.

The nuclear accident due to the recent earthquake in Japan has triggered awareness of the importance of safety with regard to nuclear power plants (NPPs). An earthquake is one of the most important parameters which governs the safety of NPPs among external events. Application of a base isolation system for NPPs can reduce the risk for earthquakes. At present, a soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis is essential in the seismic design of NPPs in consideration of the ground structure interaction. In the seismic analysis of the base-isolated NPP, it is restrictive to consider the nonlinear properties of seismic isolation devices due to the linear analysis of the SSI analysis programs, such as SASSI. Thus, in this study, SSI analyses are performed using an iterative approach considering the material nonlinearity of the isolators. By performing the SSI analysis using an iterative approach, the nonlinear properties of isolators can be considered. The difference between the SSI analysis results without iteration and SSI with iteration using SASSI is noticeable. The results of the SSI analysis using an effective linear (non-iterative) approach underestimate the spectral acceleration because the effective linear model cannot consider the nonlinear properties of isolators. The results of the SSI analysis show that the horizontal response of the base-isolated NPP is significantly reduced.

In order to perform a soil-isolation-structure interaction analysis of seismically isolated nuclear power plant (NPP) structures, the nonlinear behavior of a seismic isolation system may be converted to an equivalent linear model used in frequency domain analysis. Seismic responses for seismically isolated NPP containment structures subjected to a simple artificial acceleration history and different site class earthquakes are evaluated for the equivalent-linear and nonlinear models that have been applied to lead-rubber bearing (LRB) modeling. It can be observed that the maximum displacements of the equivalent linear model are larger than that of the nonlinear model. From the floor response spectrum analysis for the top of NPP containment structures, it can be observed that the spectral acceleration of an equivalent linear model at about 0.5 Hz frequency is about 2~3 times larger than that of a nonlinear model.

일반적으로 CFRP 레저선박의 상부구조물은 동급전장 타 선박보다 매우 작은 경향을 보이고 있는데, 이는 풍압면적에 의한 횡요저항력과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 CFRP 레저선박의 이러한 상부구조물 형상 특성을 풍압면적 변화에 따른 복원안정성 분석을 통해 파악하고자 한다. GFRP 레저선박과 CFRP 레저선박의 선체 및 상부구조물 형상 특성을 상호 비교하고, CFRP 레저선박의 상부구조물 형상변화를 통해 그 변화가 복원안정성에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 위해 GFRP, CFRP 레저선박 총 10척의 형상을 비교, 분석하여 선체와 상부구조물 간의 형상 추세를 파악하였고, ISO 12217에 따른 횡요저항력 추정 및 복원안정성 평가 프로그램 개발을 통해 상부구조물의 형상 변화와 복원안정성 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과, CFRP 레저선박의 풍압면적 분포경향은 GFRP 레저선박과 비슷하였으나, 상대적으로 상부구조물 형상 비율은 절반정도 크기에 그치는 경향을 보였다. 또한 CFRP 레저선박의 상부구조물 크기를 동급전장의 GFRP 선박 상부구조물 면적 비율 이상(10%) 증가시키는 경우 횡요저항력에 의한 복원성능에 문제가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 길이가 다른 장방형 실린더 사이에서 발생하는 제트류가 후류에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 회류수조에서 PIV기법을 사용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 장방형 실린더의 높이(h)와 실린더 사이의 간격(gap)은 10mm이며 폭(B)은 300mm로 하였다. 유동방향의 모델의 길이(L)는 30mm, 60mm, 90mm 및 120mm를 각각 적용하였으며, 모델의 높이(H=30mm)를 기준으로 길이의 비가 1, 2, 3,및 4이다. 유입유동은 조류의 수심에 따른 차이를 감안하여 모델의 높이(H)를 기준으로 Re=1.4×104, Re=2.0×104, Re=2.9×104를 각각 적용하였으며. 유동계측을 위한 영역은 실린더 후방으로 모델 높이의 5배까지 설정하였다. 실험결과 유속이 증가함에 따라 와의 크기가 후류영역으로 증가하며, 근접 후류에서는 장방형 구조물일수록 관통류의 속도성분이 증가하는 특성을 나타냈다. 또한 후류로 갈수록 속도결손은 유입유동이 증가할수록 종횡비가 작은 경우에 크게 나타났다.