This study estimate the degree of contamination in the streamwater around the Sudokwon landfill site. It was sampled at 10 sites in Jan., Apr., Jul. and Oct., 1996. There were analyzed five kinds of toxic chemical material-CN, ABS, PCB, As, Org-P, and four kinds of heavy metal-Pb, Hg, Cd, C_r^+6. The result are 1)The COD was generally increased to compare before landfill, 2)The Org-P and PCB were not detected at all points, 3)The concentrations of Pb, C_r^+6 and As were lower than the environmental criteria values, 4)The CN, Hg and Cd were over envirommental criteria values, and so emergent regulation is needed, 5)The effects of the streamwater contamination were not only the leachate of the landfill, but also the small factories and agricultural land around the landfill.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of growth regulators, genotype, and cutting position on the rooting and root growth from cutting of Chrysanthemum zawadskii H.. Rooting rate of Keungugeolcho in the treatement of IBA 500 and 1000 ppm was the better than those of other treatments of IAA, NAA and Rooton. Rooting rate differed depending on the genotype. Hangryobonggugeolcho was better than Keungucheolcho in rooting rate. The treatment of rooton remarkably induced many roots from the cuttings of eight accessions of Chrysanthemum zawadskii H.. Also, rooting rate and number of root differed depending on cutting position. When cuttings including shoot tip were cultured on tray containing bed soil, rooting rate and number of root induced from cuttings with shoot tip was higher than when cuttings without shoot tip and with lateral axillary bud were cultured.

The response of water stree under high and low temperatures, was shown differently according to the longer the suspension period of water supply. Leaf photosynthetic rate(LPS), leaf water potential(WP), relative leaf water content and relative soil water content were lower. At the higher temperatures, the percentate of reduction in LPS and WP was greater than at low temperatures. It is suggested that evaporation rate should be higher in the high temperature than the lower temperature. Also leaf water potential was lower at high temperature than at low temperature. After the 9 th day of treatment , LSP was remarkably reduced at high temperature, but the reduction of LPS was not significant at low temperature. Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatic that maintained LPS of 3rd day after treatment was more strong than other varieties at low temperatures. The silting and curling of leaves were observed symptoms of stress on the 9th day at the both temperatures. The leaves of aster scaber and Ligularia fischeri turned red on the 9th day after treatment at low temperature.

Fifteen varieties of Oryza sativa mainly includig those of Korean native rice were exactly cutted into three layers such as L1 layer (the outer part of 90% from rice center), L2 layer(the part of 81 ~ 91% from the rice center) and L3 layer(the inner part of 80% from the rice center) and ferulic acid derivatives, which play an important role of antioxidative action, were quantitiavely analyzed by UV absorption spectrometric method at fixed 314nm. From this experiment, it was found that the more it enters from the surface into the rice center, the more those secondary metabolites contents were highly reduced. The varieties showing contents more than 20 mg/g were as follows: Hwasunchalbyeo(25.8mg/g), Jojeongdo(24.1mg/g), Suwon425(21.2mg/g), Daigolbyeo(20.6mg/g) and Nonglimna 1(20.2mg/g) by this order. Estimation onthe anthocyanin contents of both Suwon 425 and Sanghehanghyeolna revealed that its total. contents were very exactly close each other. However, it was charateristically differentiated in the contents of L2 layer with respect to showing a considerably higher content of Suwon 425 than of Sanghaehanghyeolna. Conclusively, the selected Suwon 425 variety, which is coloured and flavour volatile one, showed relatively higher contents of anthocyanin, ferulic acid derivatives in the L2 layer as well as L1 layer when compared with Sanghaehangyeolna and even other varieties. This fact suggested that Suwon 425 could be a promising candidate for the development of health rice food.

균열 암반 매질에서의 지하수 흐름과 오염물질 이송에 대한 수치모의 실험이 hydromechanic 모형과 추계적 그리고 이산적 3차원 균열망 모형에 바탕을 둔 비정상상태 흐름 수치 모형을 이용하여 수행되었다. 오염물질 이송에 대한 수치모의 실험에서 random walk의 일종인 particle following 알고리즘이 사용되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 지하 깊은 곳에 위치한 Hot dry rock에서의 지열 개발을 위해 프랑스 Soultz sous Fo

The oil crisis of the 1970s and the rise in oil prices motivated people to implement energy conservation strategies. Buildings were fitted with additional insulation and reduced ventilation rates. The reduction of mechanical and natural ventilation rate led to increases in indoor pollutant concentrations which resulted in increased health risks from indoor exposure to pollutants. The variable-air-volume/bypass filtration system(VAV/BPFS) is a variation of the conventional VAV systems, The VAV/BPFS is an electronically controlled system that provides cost-effective thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. Under controlled conditions in a chamber, a series experiments were performed to compare the ability of a VAV/BPFS to remove indoor aerosol concentration and to reduce energy consumption with that ability of conventional VAV system. Results show that the VAV/BPFS increases the effective ventilation rate and removes indoor air pollutant, and maintains acceptable indoor air quality without sacrificing energy consumption.

The volume transport and turnover time of the Deukryang Bay, located at the southern area of Korea, were calculated based on the current meter(RCM-7,ACM 16M) data observed at the three gateways of the Bay in May and October of 1996. Dominant tidal current component was calculated through harmonic analysis from raw data to estimate influence tidal current and also residual current was measured by integrating observed data and then averaging on time. Maximum speed of current was about 100㎝/sec during the spring tide at the waterway between Kumdangdo and Kogumdo. The total water volume transports through three entrances of the bay in May and October were 3.9×10^-2 Sv, 3.4×10^-2 Sv(1Sv=10^6㎥s^-1) and turnover time were 0.97day, 1.12day, respectively. Semidiurnal tides were predominant (70∼85%). The water volume transports by residual currents were 2∼4% of total water volume transports. The average fraction of fresh water calculated by tidal prism method using salinity difference between inflow current and outflow current through three entrances in Deukryang Bay was about 0.06% of total volume and the flushing time of fresh water was estimated as 0.97day.

The photosynthetic rate (LPS)in the field was higher in the non-shading condition than in the shading. The fertilizer application was somewhat higher than non-fertilizer application. After humus application at 50% sading condition the growth and LPS increased with Ligularia fischeri. The maximum LPS at 80% shading was 22.3μmmol/m/s with N-fertilizer application . Except Aster tataricus and Solidago virge-aurea. var. asiatic where the maximum LPS at non-shading and N-fertilizer application were 38.68 and 35.28μmmol/m2/s. While the maximum LPS of Aster scaber was 30.01μmmol/m2/s at non-shading and non-fertilizer application. the growth rate was higher shading and fertilized conditions than non-shading and non-fertilized . The most effective shading condition was 50% , but leaf ration was highest in the 80% . But a. tataricus was favorable at non-shading and N-feritlized conditions.

본 연구는 도시하천인 한강 하류부에 2차원 유한요소모형을 적용하여 하천의 수리학적 특성에 따른 오염물질의 거동특성을 모의하고 예측하기 위한 것으로서 흐름상태를 분석할 수 있는 RMA-2V 모형과 동적 수질예측이 가능한 RMA-4모형을 이용하였다. 2차원 유한요소모형을 사용하여 수질의 거동특성을 모의하여 본 결과 유량 및 유속의 변화는 오염물질의 이송확산에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 탄천 및 중랑천은 대상구역내의 수질오염에 큰 영향을 미치는 것

The influence of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth parameters, biomass production and its partitioning of rice (Oryza sativa L.cv. Chukwangbyeo) were investigated in the three experiments (1991-1993). Rice plants were grown from transplanting to harvest at either ambient(350ppm) or elevated CO2 concentrations (690 or 650ppm) in combination with either four or seven temperature regimes ranging form ambient temperature (AT) to AT plus 3℃.From transplanting to panicle initiation, crop growth rate (CGR) was enhanced by up to 27% with elevated CO2 , primarily due to an an increase in leaf area index. although net assimilatiion rate was also greater at elevated CO2. The effect of elevated CO2 varied with temperature. During the reproductive phase, CGR declined linearly with increased temperature, and was greater at elevated CO2 . Elevated CO2 increased final crop biomass and panicle weight 30% respectively at AT(27.6℃ : 1991) . However, there was no significant effect of elevated CO2 on panicle weight at AT plus 3℃, where severe spikelet sterility occurred. There was no significant effect of elevated CO2 on panicle weight at AT plus 3℃, where severe spikelet sterility occurred. There was also no effect of CO2 on biomass pratitioning into vegetative and reproductive organs (harvest index)) at AT, although higher temperature could affect that by inducing spikelet sterility. These results suggest that elevated CO2 could enhance rice producivity througth promoted growth and biomass production , but its positive effects may be less at higher temperatures.

Toxic Mastoparan B(MP-B) which is purified from the venom of the hornet Vespa basalis is a cationic amphiphilic tetradecapeptide. MP-B and its Ala-substituted analogues were synthesized by solid phase method and the toxic peptide-membrane interactions were examined by circular dichroism(CD) spectra, fluorescence spectra, and leakage abilities in phospholipid membranes. In the presence of phospholipid vesicles, synthetic MP-B and its analogues formed amphiphilic α-helical structures, but in the buffer solution, those exhibited random coil conformation as measured by CD. Fluorescence spectra of MP-13 and its analogues which indicated the binding affinity of peptide on phospholipid vesicles showed that the replacement of Lys at position 2 and 11 with Ala caused a remarkable effect in the blue shift and that at position 2, in the leakage ability of the peptide.

이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이 산마늘을 산지별로, 그리고 부위별로 총아미노산 및 유리아미노산의 함량을 비교하고, 휘발성 유황화합물과 사포닌의 함량을 서로 비교하였을 때 그 이용목적에 따라 산지별로, 부위별로 각각 품질평가는 달라질 수 있음을 나타내었다. 즉, 아미노산을 이용하기 위해서는 이 식물의 지하부를 이용하는 것이 지상부를 이용하는 것 보다 훨씬 좋을 것으로 평가되었고 산지별로는 울릉도산의 지하부가 가장 많이 함유된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 산지별로 유리아미노산이나 총아미노산의 양이 크게 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 아미노산 중에서도 arginine, glutamine 및 asparagine 등은 다른 아미노산종에 비하여 현저히 많은 양을 함유함을 밝혔다. 그리고, 유황화합물의 경우에는 내륙종인 오대산산이나 지리산산의 것이 해양적 지리조건의 울릉도산에 비하여 현저히 많은 양을 함유하였음을 밝혔다. 내륙종은 지상부에 이들 화합물을 많이 함유하였으나 울릉도산은 지하부가 더 많이 이들을 함유하였다. 마지막으로, 사포닌 성분의 경우에는 지하부가 지상부보다 훨씬 많은 양을 함유하였고 그 순서는 울릉도산, 지리산산, 오대산산이었다. 오대산산은 다른 두 산지의 것보다 현저히 적은 양을 함유하였다. 산마늘 MeOH 추출물의 n-BuOH 분획의 양은 사포닌의 함량을 잘 방영하지 못하였는데 이는 이 분획에 저자 등이 구명한 allivicin 등 flavonol 배당체 등의 함유량의 차이에 일부 기인할 것으로 추측된다.

본 실험은 노화종자를 비파괴적인 방법으로 선별하여 종자의 품질을 증진시키기 위한 것으로 주요 작물종자의 형광 누출을 확인하여 노화종자 선별기술개발 및 아미노산과 당 등의 누출물을 흡착, 시약에 의해 발색시켜 유색종자, 즉 노화종자를 선별하는 기술을 개발하고자 수행하였다. 1. 노화종자에서 형광물질 누출이 많은 작물은 배추, 무, 브로콜리, 콜리플라워, 유채, 박, 쑥갓, 범부채 등이었으며, 이외에도 28종 등 총 36종에서 누출물질을 확인하였다. 2. 배추 종자는 노화처리 기간이 무처리에서 8일까지 길어질수록 무형 광 종자 비율은 91.3%에서 1.7%로 저하되었으며 형광종자 비율은 8.7%에서 98.3%로 증가되었다. 3. 배추의 노화종자에서 sinapine이 누출되는 특성을 이용하여 종자를 수분침지 후 cellulose와 석회분말로 pelleting하여 누출물질을 흡착시킨 후 자외선 광하에서 형광종자(저활력 종자 혹은 노화 종자) 및 무형광 종자(건전종자)로 판별이 가능하였다. 4. 아미노산과 당 등 누출물질의 최적 발색조건은 0.5~l.0% 이상의 ninhydrin 용액과 sodium thiosulfate 용액을 살포 처리한 후 35℃ 에서 30분~1시간 처리하는 것이었으며 이 방법으로 유색종자를 만들어 노화종자를 선별할 수 있었다.

예로구터 그 수액이 건강보조식품으로 사용되어온 고로쇠나무의 줄기를 대상으로 항산화 활성을 가지는 성분을 찾기위하여 실험에 착수하였으며, 그 MeOH추출물의 ETOAc분획을 대상으로 Column chromatography를 실시하여 scopoletin, isoscopoletin, (-) -epicatechin등 3종의 화합물을 분리하고 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 이중 scopoletin과 isoscopoletin은 BHA나 α-tocopherol보다 활성이 약하였으나 (RC50 : 120, 110 mug), (-)-epicatechin의 항산화활성 (RC50 : 7.5 mug)은 BHA나 α-tocopherol보다 뚜렷하게 높았다.

본 실험(實驗)은 자호종자(紫胡種子)의 발아적정온도(發芽適定溫度)를 구명(究明)하고, 유수 황산(流水 黃酸) 및 GA3 처리(處理)가 시호종자의 발아(發芽)에 미치 는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하며, 발아억제물질(發芽抑制物質)을 검정(檢定)하고자 수행(遂行)하였던 바 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 공시품종(供試品種)모두 암상태(暗狀態)에서 15, 20, 25및 30℃ 처리(處理)에서는 15℃에서 발아율(發芽率)이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 황산0.1및 1.0%를 5, 10 및 60분간처리 하였을 경우는 두 품종 모두 5분간 처 리 하였을 때 발아율이 높았으며, 유수(流水)에 1, 2및 5일간 처리하였을 경우는 두 품종 모두 2일간 처리 하였을 때 발아율이 가장높았고, 10, 50 및 100ppm의 GA3를 처리하였을 경우는 두 품종 모두 100ppm에서 발아율이 높았다. 이상 모든 처리(處理)의 품종간 비교에서는 처리에 상관(相關)없이 정선종이 삼조종보다 발아율이 높게 나타났다. 2. SEM으로 관소(觀素)한 결과(結果) 무처리 에 북(比)해 유수(流水)에 2일간 처리한 경우는 시호종자의 종피 에 붙어 있던 많은 발아억제물질(發芽抑制物質)같은 것이 씻겨져 종피 표면(種皮 表面)이 깨끗하였다. 3. 시호종자 EtOH 추출물 농도(抽出物 濃度)가 4000ppm일 때 정선종에서는 41.7%, 삼도종에서는 58.3%의 상추종자 발아율을 나타내어 추출(抽出)농도가 높아질수록 상추종자 발아억제 현상(發芽抑制 現象)이 심(甚)하게 나타났다. 4. Phenolic acids의 검정(檢定)에 있어서는 두 품종에서 orchinol, Pyrogallol 및 p-hydroxybenzoic acid의 함양(含量)이 모두 높게 나타났으나, 삼도종은 정선종에 비하여 salicylic acid와vanillic acid의 함량이 다소 낮게 나타났다.

하상 굴착 공사는 골재 채취, 토사준설, 교량 건설 또는 하천을 횡단하여 매설하는 관로 공사 등 여러 가지 경우에 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 하상 굴착 공사 과정에서 발생하는 다량의 부유물질(SS)은 수질을 오염시키며 환경에 악영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 현장 여건상 정교한 수치해석모형을 적용할 수 없는 경우에, 2차원 이송-확산 모형을 단순화하여 유도한 Fick 확산 모형에 의하여 부유물질의 농도를 산정하고 오탁 방지 시설 설치에 따른 부유물질