Continuous deodorization of malodorous sulfur compounds by Thiobacillus neapolitanus R-10 immobilized onto a polypropylene pellet was studied using a column reactor at 30℃. The maximum amounts of immobilized cells was 5.3 g/ℓ polypropylene with 5 × 7.5㎜ in pellet size, and the amounts of immobilized cells in the higher part of the column was as twice as in the lower part. The optimum pH and temperature for removal of dimethyl sulfide were 6.0 and 30℃, respectively. When 5-20 ㎕/ℓ of hydrogen sulfide and methylmercaptan were employed 98% of removal efficiency were achieved. In contrast, lower concentrations of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyldisulfide should be supplied to meet satisfactory deodorization efficiency. The immobilized cell column was successfully operated for the deodorization of mixture of sulfur compounds over 15 days without significant loss of initial activity achieving high efficiency.

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 생장조절물질(生長調節物質)이 고추냉이의 종자발아(種子發芽)와 유묘생장(幼苗生長)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사하기 위하여 Indolacetic acid(IAA), Indolbutyric acid(IBA),GA3, GA4, kinetin 및 benfyladenine(BA)를 농도별(濃度別)로 종자(種子)에 처리(處理)하여 발아률(發芽率)과 발아기간(發芽期間), 그리고 유묘생장(幼苗生長)을 조사하였다. 1. 휴면종자(休眠種子)의 종피(種皮)를 제거한 결과 휴면(休眠)이 타파(打破)되어 발아률(發芽率)이 현저히 높아졌다. 2. GA3, GA4, BA, kinetin은 종자(種子)의 휴면타파(休眠打破)에 효과가 인정되었으나 IAA, IBA는 효과가 없었으며, GA3, BA 및 kinetin이 GA3보다 휴면종자(休眠種子)의 발아(發芽) 촉진(促進)에 효과가 있었다. 3. BA와 GA3, 100ppm의 혼합처리(混合處理)는 BA의 농도(濃度)가 50ppm과 100ppm인 경우에 BA의 단독처리(單獨處理)보다 효과가 높았다. 4.유묘(幼苗)의 뿌리, 하각축(下脚軸) 및 자엽병(子葉炳)은 GA3와 GA4에 의하여 도장(徒長)되었는데 BA와 kinetin의 처리(處理)는 GA3와GA4의 처리(處理)에 비하여 양호하였다. 이상의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)하여 볼때, 고추냉이의 휴면종자(休眠種子)를 약 50ppm의 BA 및 kinetin 욕액(浴液)에 3시간정도 침지(沈漬)하는 것이 종자(種子)의 발아(發芽)와 유묘생장(幼苗生長)에 효과가 있어 약 5일(日)정도 침지(沈漬)하는 100ppm의 GA3용액(溶液)을 대신하여 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Thiobacillus neapolitanus R-10 isolated from sludge of night soil, showed an oxidizing activity on several malodorous sulfur compounds. The microbe successfully utilized hydrogen sulfide(H_2S), methy mercaptan(MM), dimethyl sulfide(DMS) and dimethyldisulfide(DMDS) during the batch culture reaction, of which H_2S was rather rapidly oxidized. To examine the ability for removal of malodorous sulfur compounds, various concentrations of sulfide substrates were supplemented separately to basal medium and their responses were investigated. As the concentration of sulfide was increased, growth was accelerated within three days of cultivation. 2.5mM was the most favorable substrate concentration of sulfide added for all cases tested. However, when the concentration of sulfur compounds were raised over 4mM, they behaved as a growth inhibitor.

A numerical model has been developed to predict the deposition of air pollutants considering canopy effect. In this model, the deposition velocity is calculated using the deposition resistances(aerodynamic resistance, viscosity resistance, surface resistance). Using the results, a comparative study was made between the model calculation and observation results The calculated daily variation of deposition resistances and in daytime most of the model cases are well agreed with observation results, and a slight difference was found in nighttime. From the results, it is suggested that the present model is capable of estimating the deposition velocity of air pollutants considering characteristics of canopy layer.

The effects of reaction temperature, SO_2 and CO_2 concentration in an air gas stream, particle sizes of limestone on the reactivity and capacity of SO_2 removal have been determined in a thermogravimetric analyser(TGA). The apparent reaction order of sulfation reaction of pre-calcined lime(CaO) with respect to SO_2 is found to be close to unity. The apparent activation energies are found to be 17,000 ㎉/kmol for sulfation of pre-calcined lime and 19,500 ㎉/kmol for direct sulfation of limestone(CaCO_3). The initial sulfation reaction rate of pre-calcined lime increases with increasing temperature, whereas the sulfur capture capacity exhibits a maximum value at 900℃. In direct sulfation of limestone, sulfation reactivity and sulfur capature capacity of sorbent increase with increasing temperature and decreasing CO_2 concentration in a gas bulk stream. The main pore of pre-calcined lime is shifted to the larger pore sizes and pore volume decreases with increasing sulfation time and temperature. The surface area of lime decreases with increasing calcination temperature under an air atmosphere, whereas is rearly constant under a CO_2(5, 10%) atmosphere in a gas stream.

Transport rate of windblown dusts such as soil, sand, snow is proportionate to U_*^3 and U_*, friction velocity, approximately to flow velocity of wind. Therefore, through measurement and the flow velocity of wind, it turned out that,considering different velocity distributions caused by downstream distance and porosity percent,windbreaks with appropriate porosity rate to the protection area should be chosen for the optimal fence effect. In the economic respect, better are fences with gap of 20%∼30%. Among the windbreaks to have the optimal fence effect.

A predictive modal is demonstrated for gas removal rates from the atmosphere by dry deposition. Typical deposition velocities are complex functions of surface types, atmospheric stabilities, friction velocities, air pollutants, and so on. In this paper we simulated the calculation of dry deposition velocities near the earth surfaces, simultaneously we estimated real dry deposition velocities using the previous simulation. The measurement taken over a deciduous forest by Padro et al.(1988) were used to verify this model. In the comparison of the value of deposition velocity between numerical computation and observation, there are partially overestimations and underestimations between them, but we can speak that they are in a good accordance.

본실험은 대맥의 미숙배 배양을 통한 육종기간을 단축하기 위하여 미숙배 배양시 식물체 유도, 생육 및 출수에 영향을 미치는 생장조절물질, 배의 성숙정도 및 저온처리효과를 구명하고자 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 미숙배 배양으로부터 줄기의 유도에는 생장조절물질이 첨가된 기본배지도 효과적이었으며, Kinetin 0.5mg/1와 GA3 5mg/l를 처리한 것 이 좋았으나 Kinetin농도가 높을 때에는 shoot 유도가 감소되었다. 2. 지베렐린을 1mg/l와 5mg/l 처리한 배지에서 초장, root길이, root수 등이 좋았으나 Kinetin이 처리된배지에서는 생육이 억제되었으며, 특히 뿌리의 생육을 억제하였다. 3. 유도된 식물체의 토양생존율은 Kinetin 5mg/l 처리시에 생존율이 가장 낮았고 무처리에서 가장 높았다. 4. 파성정도가 IV인 올보리의 20일배를 4주저온처리 하였을 때에 출수율이 높았고 출수하는데 소요되는 기간도 짧았다. 5. 저온처리후 Kinetin 5mg/l 처리한 것은 초장, root수, shoot수가 적은 반면 GA3 5mg/l 처리한 것은 생육이 좋았다. 6. 올보리는 생장조절물질과 저온처리에 따라 출수율에 차이를 보였으며 GA3 를 1mg/l처리하고 28일 저온처리하였을때 출수율이 좋았으며, 출수에 소요되는 기간이 짧았다.

To investigate characterization of the -amylase inhibitors from cereals and legumes produced in Korea, inhibitory activities against -amylase with the inhibitor from barley(Hordeum vulgare), wheat(Triticum aestivun), black bean(Glycine max), bean(Cajanus cajon) and pea(Pisum sativum) were measured. Among the samples tested, inhibitors from naked barley and black bean(sabong) which showed the highest inhibitor activities of cereals and legumes, respectively, were characterized according to treatment condition. The results obtained were summarized as follows. During the germination of naked barley and black bean, -amylase activities were gradually increased but inhibitory activities against -amylases were decreased. Both activities were gradually decreased when naked barley and black bean were stored. More than 50% of activities of the inhibitors from naked barley and black bean were remained at 100 for 15 min and 20 min, respectively, indicating that the inhibitor from black bean was more stable to heat than that of barley.

These experiments were conducted to determine the effects of Sorghum allelopathic substances on the callus growh of several weeds and crops. 1. When substances extracted from allelopathic Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.) were treated on medium, growth of callus of several weeds and crops were in-hibited. The degree of inhibition differed depending on the genotypes, ranging from 50 to 90% com-pared with that of control. 2. The extracts of above 5% Sorghum inhibited the callus growth of Che-nopodium albun L., Commelina communis L., and .Ammaranthus retroflexus L.and showed in-hibition rate of above 70% in callus growth. These results indicate that we could investigate theallelopaihy effect by using in vitro system. 3. The suitable explant for callus induction fromallelopathic plants was immature embryos, the callus induction rate differed depending on the geno-type, growth regulators and concentrations. In general, the addition of 2, 4-D and NAA onto medium increased the rate and amount of callus.

Meteorological parameters in the atmospheric boundary layer and the vertical and horizontal dispersion parameters were determined by analyzing the data obtained by the special upper-air observations of one clear day for each season from October 1991 to August 1992. The concentration of the atmospheric pollutants over Taegu was analyzed by using the application of the Gaussian diffusion model. In the diurnal variation of diffusion of atmospheric pollutants, vertical diffusion due to turbulence is active in daytime while horizontal diffusion due to wind is active in nighttime. The mean concentration of pollutants in the side of downwind is higher during the daytime than the nighttime. Thus, the height of the mixed-layer at the nighttime considered as the most important parameter of the mean concentration of pollutants. In the seasonal variation of diffusion of atmospheric pollutants, vertical diffusion due to strong solar radiation is active in summer case day, and horizontal diffusion due to strong wind is active in winter case day. In winter case day, the mean concentration of pollutants in the side of downwind is maximum in the daytime. However, in summer case day, that is maximum in the nighttime.

To investigate the effect of several bactericides and fungicides against fruit & vegetable decay grapefruit seed extract(GFSE) was tested in a dilution solution. GFSE was shown to be effective against decay and rind breakdown and to extend the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables during storage and tiansport. Antimicrobial efficiency of GFSE on a wide spectra of gram + & - bacteria, moulds and yeasts was demonstrated by the measurement of minimal inhibitory concentrations performed (Bacteria 10-500ppm, Fungi:250-1,000ppm, Yeasts:100-250ppm). GFSE was separated and extracted into water-soluble fraction, water-insoluble and non-dialyzed fraction to isolate the antimicrobial substances. The water-soluble fraction showed the most active antimicrobial effect. The antimicrobial substances were isolated by gas chromatography. As the result of the isolation using GC, Peak-D was found to be the antimicrobial compound in GFSE. The identification of the most antimicrobial substance was carried out by using GC-MS.

To decrease the bolting rate of Angelica gigas, The growth inhibitors such as MH, Pp333 (paclobutrazol) and CCC(chloroniequat or Cycocel) were treated twice with the interval of 20 days atthe forming stage of flower bud.Growth and bolting rate in plot treated inhibitors were retarded and decreased, and the yield ofroots was also decreased compared with non - treatment. The treatments of MH and Pp333 amongthree inhibitors showed the better effects in decreasing the bolting than that of CCC, but they did notshow the significant in the yield and contents of decursin among each of them.In order to improve the decreasing effects by chemicals, selection of suitable reagents, concentrationand number of treatment should be investigated.

Dispersion characteristics of air pollutants in the mountainous coastal area are investigated in considering with the mesoscale local circulations using a two dimensional numerical model with two kinds of topograpy of 500m and 300m. In the model, land-sea breezes and mountain-valley wind are mainly considered under the condition of the absence of large scale prevailing flow in the circulation analysis, and the pollutants dispersion is traced by the Lagrangian methods. According to the results, the wind velocity is affected by topography and is stronger in the case of 500m height mountain than that of 300m, the pollutants that source is near the coast transported over the mountain and dispersed to behind inland area. It is classified that the topography change control affects the wind velocity and the circulations. The pollutants that source is different transported and concentrated to behind inland and/or diffused to the sea area by the combination of the wind system with topographic changes. The results can be applied to the air pollution control with the arrangement design of industrial area and the planning of coastal developments.