The purpose of this study is to investigate concentration and emission coefficients of 22 odorous compounds, which are regulated by the domestic act, emitted from pig buildings by on-site survey. The odorous compounds which were detected in at least one pig building were ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, trimethyl amine, stylene, toluene, xylene and methyl ethyl ketone whereas other 12 odorous compounds were not detected in pig buildings. In general, indoor concentrations of odorous compounds in pig buildings were higher in scraper type than slurry type based on pig manure collection system and higher in enclosed type than winch-curtain type based on ventilation mode, respectively. In monthly distribution of odorous compounds, their concentrations in September and October when ventilation rate in pig building decreased relatively were generally higher than those in July and August when ventilation rate in pig building is relatively high. On the contrary, the emission coefficients of odorous compounds in pig building were generally higher in July and August than September and October. The levels of emission coefficients of odorous compounds obtained from this study were similar or slightly higher compared to those reported previously from foreign countries.

This study aims to evaluate the relationship with the concentration and dilution factor using the Air Dilution Olfactory Method, which is suggested in the Standard Method of Odor Compounds, by measuring dilution factor for 4 types of sulfur compounds, ammonia, and trimethylamine. For the measurement, 13 panelists were selected by several criteria through a panel test. Panelists chosen for their closely similar sensitiviyies provide more reproducible values. The estimation showed that the correlation of the concentration with dilution factor for the 6 compounds can be reasonably expressed by the equation logC=AfㆍlogD+F (Af: material costant, F: constant). The result of this study is suggested to be used as a base data for research on measures to improve the regulation standards for complex odor concentration on site boundary in operation, as well as a correlation between the concentration and dilution factor for the designated foul odor substances, and their characteristics.

In this study, emission characteristics of odorants from boiled egg samples were measured through time between fresh and decayed status. Air samples released from boiled egg were collected and analyzed five different periods during the whole experimental period set for 9 days. The concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC), carbonyl compounds (CC), and NH₃ were generally higher than others like volatile organic compounds over the entire period. Among target compounds, the concentration of H₂S recorded the maximum value of 3.65 ppm immediately after boiling which indicates its maximum contribution as odorant in fresh stage. In addition, some odorants (i.e. CH₃SH, AA, PA, BA, and VA) were detected in the range of 7.52 to 50.8 ppb. Emission of most odorants generally decreased after 1 day of boiling, although their concentrations increased again after 3 days to reach the peak values after 6 days. The dilution-to-threshold (D/T) ratio measured by air dilution sensory test samples between fresh and decayed egg showed patterns similar to H2S. In addition, the result of correlation analysis indicated that there is a strong relationship (p＜0.01) between complex odor and H₂S.

Odorous pollutants emitted from the manufacturing process of TFT-LCD were investigated to prepare the odor control plan. Odor measurements in the workplace of clean room were also carried out. The odorous pollutants detected in the organic and acid gas emission duct were acetone, acetic acid, IPA, nbutylacetate, PGMEA, cyclohexane, which were chemicals used for LCD manufacturing. Especially, acetic acid was turned out to one of the major odor substances in the acid gas emission duct because of its low odor threshold value. No odorous pollutants were detected in the toxic gas emission duct. Some organic gases detected in the clean room were due to the leakage from chemical containers or LCD devices.

인공재배 복령의 미백 및 피부노화 개선관련 효능을 평가하는 방법으로 in vitro test 결과를 각각의 효능과 관련된 표준물질과 비교하여 총페놀성 화합물, 플라보노이드 함량, 항산화 활성, SOD 유사활성, Tyrosinase 및 Elastase 저해활성을 조사하였다. 복령추출물의 농도별 총페놀성 화합물 함량을 측정한 결과 대조군인 BHAC와 비교하여 복령 추출물의 총페놀성 화합물 함량은 작으나 백복령 첨가 농도에 의존적으로 나타났다. BHAC를 대조군으로하여 복령 추출물에 대하여 농도별 총플라보노이드 함량을 측정한 결과 총 복령 추출물이 대조군 보다 높고 또한 농도 의존적으로 나타났다. 대조군인 BHAC와 복령 추출물에서 항산화 효과를 비교한 결과 대조군보다 0.6~1.8% 이상의 높은 효과를 나타내었다. 복령추출물은 우수한 항산화 활성을 가짐을 확인할 수 있었다. SOD 유사활성은 대조군인 BHAC에서의 활성에 비하여 복령 추출물이 18~11 %가량 감소하는 활성도가 나타났다. 복령 추출물 자체에서 합성 항산화제인 BHAC와 거의 유사한 수준의 SOD유사활성을 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 활성산소를 저해하여 노화방지에 탁월한 소재라고 판단된다. Tyrosinase 저해활성은 복령 추출물에서 1, 3 및 5 %의 농도에서 tyrosinase 저해활성은 57.33, 65.95 및 66.81%로 농도 의존적으로 증가하였지만, 그 효능이 BHAC에 미치지 못하였다. Elastase 저해활성 측정 결과는 1, 3, 5% 에서 대조군으로 사용된 BHAC에서 75.53, 78.72, 88.30으로 나타났다. 이와 비교하여 활성이 낮지만 복령 추출물의 경우에는 63.83, 67.02, 70.21로 나타났다. 그러나 합성 항산화제인 BHAC에 비교하여 활성이 비슷한 수준으로 천연물로서는 높은 활성을 나타내어 피부탄력성 유지를 위한 우수한 소재로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

본 실험에서는 초임계 추출법을 이용하여 탈지미강으로부터 얻은 주요한 표면활성 물질 분획(3 fractions: 1-HS, 6-HS 및 18-HS)의 유화성질을 평가하였다. 유화성질의 평가는 표면활성분획을 이용하여 유화액을 제조한 후 이들의 여러 가지 물리화학적 성질(지방구 크기 및 변화, 크리밍 안정도, oil-off, 분산안정성 등)을 조사하였다. 그 결과 각 추출 분획을 이용하여 제조한 유화액은 서로 다른 물리화학적 특성을 나타내었는데, 그중 가장 작은 지방구 크기 특성을 나타낸 1-HS 유화액이 크리밍안정도, oil-off 및 분산안정성 측면에서 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 1-HS 추출물의 유화 기능성을 보강하기 위한 co-surfactant 검토 결과, GMS(glyceryl monostearate)를 추가적으로 첨가할 경우 1-HS 유화액의 지방구 크기가 현저하게 작아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 적절한 첨가 농도는 0.05% 이상으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통하여 미강 추출물의 우수한 표면활성능을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이 천연의 표면활성물질은 초임계추출법을 이용하면 성공적으로 분리할 수 있는데, 향후 식품유화산업에서 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구와 관련하여 다음의 실험 목표는 이 물질의 구성 성분분석 및 상업화 연구이다.

곤충의 장내 공생미생물은 곤충의 소화, 발육, 생존, 번식, 필수성분의 합성 등의 특수한 역할에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀져 있다. 최근에는 여러 가지 물질을 분해하는 미생물을 이용하여 분해산물과 그 이용 방법을 개발해 다양한 분야에서 유용하게 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 포식성 곤충이며 진딧물의 생물학적 방제인자로 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 무당벌레(Harmonia axyridis)의 장내에 서식하고 있는 미생물의 분리 및 동정을 통해 무당벌레 장내미생물의 종류 및 분리된 장내미생물들의 casein, cellulose, chitin, lignin 분해능력을 확인하여 특정 분해능력을 가진 미생물을 선발하고자 하였다. 무당벌레 유충과 성충의 소화기관을 채취하고 마쇄하여 NA배지에서 배양한 후 장내세균의 분리 및 동정한 결과, Arthrobacter속 외 35균주가 확인 되었으며, 분리된 35개 중 10균주를 casein, cellulose, chitin, lignin을 첨가한 각각의 배지에서 배양하였다. 먹이로 공급된 무테두리진딧물 역시 마쇄하여 장내 미생물을 확인하였는데, Staphylococcus sciuri 를 포함한 5균주가 무당벌레에서와 동일하게 확인되었다. 무당벌레의 장내미생물을 casein, chitin, cellulose, lignin 첨가 배지에 배양한 결과 casein을 분해하는 3균주, chitin을 분해하는 2균주가 확인되었으며, cellulose와 lignin을 분해하는 균주는 확인 할 수 없었다.

본 연구에서는 초소수성 실리카 에어로겔을 이용하여 단열 성능을 갖는 투명 필름용 유/무기 복합 코팅물질을 제조하였다. 바인더 물질로 사용된 자외선 경화형 우레탄 아크릴레이트 수지와 에어로겔과의 상용성을 위해 계면활성제(Brij 56)를 이용하여 에어로겔의 표면을 개질하였다. 개질된 에어로겔을 고분자 수지와 복합화한 코팅 용액을 폴리카보네이트 기지재에 코팅한 후 자외선경화를 통해 코팅필름을 제조하였다. 에어로겔이 10 vol% 함량으로 첨가되었을 때, 코팅필름의 단열성능은 측정된 열전도도 기준으로 순수 기지재 대비 28% 정도로 향상되었다. 또한, 코팅필름의 광투과율은 에어로겔이 50 vol%로 과량 첨가된 경우에도 80% 이상 높은 수준을 유지하였으며, 우수한 접착성(5B) 및 연필 경도(4H)를 보여주었다.

This research determined the threshold value of 12 specified offensive odor substances based on the 3 point comparison sensory method. The panelist’s thresholds were calculated by taking the arithmetic, geometric mean, and 50th percentile. Three methods of calculating the odor thresholds from the same data are compared. For 12 odor substances, the panelist’s thresholds were showed logarithmically normal distribution. The 50th percentile was the best method among the three methods of caculating the odor threshold from the 72 panel’s thresholdes. As a result, the threshold values of individual odor substances, including methyl mercaptane, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine, and i-valeraldehyde ranged between 0.0001~0.001 ppm, while the values of styrene and ammonia were relatively higher than of other substances at 0.089 ppm and 3.2 ppm, respectively. The threshold values of the 12 specified odor substances were compared in Korea and overseas, which showed that the characteristics of sensory response varied by substance and nation.

Cruciferous vegetables including diindolylmethane (DIM) have been shown to have anticancer activity. Especially, DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF used in this study was reported to have more effective and less toxic effects than DIM. However, there is no report presenting their anti-tumorigenic activity in oral cancer. In the present study, we examined the effects of DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF on the cell proliferation and apoptosis in KB human oral cancer cells. DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis evidenced by western blot analysis, DAPI staining and sub-G1 population. This provides the first evidence that DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF originating from cruciferous vegetables induce apoptotic cell death in human oral cancer cells to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.

A rapid, simple and reliable LC-MS/MS method, which can be used on a routine basis, was developed for the simultaneous detection of 8 penicillin antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin-G, penicillin-V, oxacillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin and dicloxacillin) in swine muscle and kidney. The antibiotics were extracted from samples with water and methanol. The extract was centrifuged, filtered and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS), using a C18 reversed phase column with water/acetonitrile gradient containing 0.05 % formic acid. Mass spectral acquisition was achieved in an electrospray positive ion mode by applying multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of 2 fragment ion transitions to provide a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The ion rations were consistent and could be used for confirmation of identity of the penicillin antibiotics. Recoveries of eight penicillins at three fortification levels (10, 20 and 40㎍/㎏) ranged from 79.8 to 102.4% and 72.8 to 103.4% in swine muscle and kidney, respectively. The coefficient of variation was than 9% in all samples. The estimated limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 1.0 to 3.2㎍/㎏ in swine muscle and kidney, respectively. The LOQs of this method are below the MRLs of penicillin antibiotics in animal tissues established in Korea and other countries.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the bioactive compounds of soybean snacks and to carry out a sensory evaluation of those variations which had various seasoning mixing ratio. Five soybean snacks were developed for these experiments. Proximate composition, the contents of total phenol compounds and isoflavone, and sensory characteristics of the soybean snacks were measured. There were significant differences in amounts of isoflavones and total phenolic compounds of soybean snacks(p<0.05). The seasoned soybean snacks had a higher level of daidzein and genistein contents than did control group. The total phenol compound contents of the control group was 210.3 ㎎ gallic acid equivalents/100 g, whereas those for individual soybean snacks(A~E) were 152.3, 160.2, 162.4, 158.4 and 164.6 ㎎ gallic acid equivalents/100 g, respectively. In sensory evaluation, there were significant differences(p<0.05) in taste, texture, and overall acceptability of the soybean snacks.

본 연구에서는 EFDC모델과 입자추적모델을 이용하여 마산만의 담수유입에 의한 폐쇄성 내만의 물질체류시간을 산정하였다. 마산만의 해수유동을 재현하고 이를 바탕으로 평균체류시간을 계산하였다. 마산만의 조석에 의한 평균물질체류시간은 만 북측과 돝섬 부근까지가 약 110일이내, 모도 주변 해역이 약 40일, 부도에서 외해까지 약 20일 정도로 산정되었다. 담수유입에 따른 마산만의 4개 소해역별 평균물질체류시간은 I과 II영역에서 약 81일로 감소하였으나, 마산만의 외해측에 위치한 III과 IV영역은 각각 58일과 17일로 증가하였다.