본 연구는 SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 유역수문수질모형을 활용하여 기후변화가 낙동강 유역의 물환경에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. Python 기반 자동화 절차를 적용하여 입력 자료 정리, 모형 실행, 시각화를 수행하였고, K-means 군집화 기법을 적용하여 195개 소유역을 대표 군집으로 보정함으로써 대규모 유역 모의의 효율성을 높였다. 또한, 유량 및 수질 항목 (TN, TP, SS)에 대한 검정, 보정을 통해 모형의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. SS와 TN는 NSE 0.55∼0.72, PBIAS는 ±25% 이내로 양호한 성능을 보였으나, TP는 홍수기의 고농도 구간에서 과대 모의되는 경향을 보였다. 보정된 모형으로 IPCC AR6 기반 SSP (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways) 기후변화 시나리오 CCLM SSP2-4.5, GRIMs SSP5-8.5를 적용하여 근미래(2021–2040년), 중미래(2041–2060년), 원미래 (2081–2100년)의 수질 변화를 분석하였다. SSP2-4.5에서는 변화율이 크지 않았으나 SSP5-8.5에서는 SS과 TN가 원미래에 각각 평균 약 23%, 40% 증가하였으며, TP는 두 시나리오에서 –20%∼–60% 수준의 감소가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 기후변화가 장기적으로 낙동강 유역의 수질 악화를 초래할 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 향후 비점오염원 저감, 저수지 운영, 통합 유역 관리 등과 같은 적응형 수질 관리 대책 수립이 필요하며, 본 연구는 이러한 대규모 유역의 기후변화 대응 수질 관리 전략 마련을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study analyzes the impact of climate change on the performance of continuous reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) and proposes a method to improve the existing KPRP–CRCP design procedure. Our analysis of monthly mean temperature data from the Seoul Meteorological Station revealed a general increase in temperature from 2001 to 2034, with a more significant increase observed during summer and winter. The existing KPRP–CRCP design method uses the drop temperature (DT) as a key variable. Notably, the increasing monthly mean temperatures owing to climate change tend to decrease the DT that in turn lowers the maximum stress on the pavement slab. This leads to a significant problem: if the traditional design method based on outdated data is used, the predicted number of punchouts will be lower than expected. This can result in an over-reduction in the reinforcement ratio and slab thickness, leading to premature failure and increased maintenance costs. To solve this issue, we introduced a predictive model for the final setting temperature that accounts for monthly and regional characteristics. Applying this model showed that as the temperature increased, the DT and maximum stress proportionally increased. This provided a more realistic prediction of the number of punchouts and addressed the flaws of the existing design method. Furthermore, our analysis of punchout counts based on the construction start month using this predictive model revealed that punchouts were more frequent in summer (July–August) and less frequent in winter (January–February). Based on this, we determined that the optimal seasons for placing continuous reinforced concrete pavements were spring (March–June) and fall (September–November). In situations where the actual construction start month was unknown, we recommended using a conservative design approach based on the design in August, when punchouts were most likely to occur.

This study aimed to establish a regional cooperative network involving the Endangered Species Restoration Center (National Institute of Ecology), local governments, educational institutions, and community residents, and to develop a structured citizen science platform to support the conservation of the endangered beetle Polyphylla laticollis manchurica (Endangered Species Class I). The primary objective was to assess changes in citizens’ awareness and derive practical strategies for the conservation of endangered species through community engagement. Between 2023 and 2024, citizen scientists were recruited in the Miho River area of Cheongju, South Korea, and participated in educational programs designed to strengthen their research capacity. As a result of monitoring activities and ecological education, 153 individuals of P. l. manchurica were identified, demonstrating that participants were capable of independently conducting surveys following training. A post-program survey of 98 participants revealed a high level of understanding of the activities and a strong motivation for conservation activities. However, challenges remain in securing long-term sustainability of such initiatives, including the need for stable funding, structured feedback mechanisms, and appropriate incentive systems for continued citizen involvement. This study underscores the potential of citizen science as a viable tool for endangered species conservation and highlights the importance of regionally coordinated frameworks. The findings provide foundational data for promoting sustained, community-based conservation actions through local cooperation.

Nannochloropsis oceanica has been recognized as a valuable source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) for nutraceutical applications. In this study, the effects of temperature on the growth and fatty acid production of N. oceanica were investigated to determine the optimal conditions for maximizing both growth and EPA production. The growth responses of N. oceanica exhibited a wide temperature range of 5-30°C, with the maximum cell density at 25°C (35.9×105 cells mL-1). Biomass production, as measured by dry weight in N. oceanica culture, was the highest at 20°C (86.2 mg L-1). In N. oceanica cultures exposed to relatively low temperatures (5-10°C), cells did not grow significantly; however, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids including EPA (22.3, 26.0% of total fatty acid), was significantly high. These results indicate that the optimal temperature conditions for promoting growth and EPA accumulation of N. oceanica are different. Based on these results, a temperature-dependent two-stage cultivation strategy was proposed to optimize both biomass and EPA production in N. oceanica cultures, which included an initial phase at 20°C to achieve high biomass, followed by a second phase at 5-10°C to maximize EPA accumulation.

This study aims to identify the patterns of vocabulary composition changes by conducting a quantitative comparative analysis of the vocabulary included in Sejong Korean (2011-2013) and Sejong Korean (2022), a standard textbook series for Korean language education. The research methodology involved a comprehensive survey of index vocabulary from both textbook versions, followed by systematic comparative analysis based on vocabulary volume, part-of-speech distribution, vocabulary type composition, and grade-level consistency. The results revealed that the revised edition showed a significant decrease in total vocabulary. The proportion of Sino-Korean words decreased while native Korean words and loanwords increased. Content-wise, traditional culture-related vocabulary decreased while modern leisure activity-related vocabulary increased, with a notable shift from vocabulary focused on foreign culture to vocabulary related to tourist attractions in Seoul. These changes are analyzed as results of Sejong Institute’s curriculum diversification, its pursuit of universal Korean language education goals, and reflection of contemporary demands. This research provides important implications for future Korean language educational vocabulary selection and textbook development direction.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of fire safety education in high school dormitories—high-density residential environments—by assessing both cognitive and behavioral changes. Pre- and post-surveys were combined with measurement of the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET), which recorded 264 seconds from alarm activation (T₀ + 0 sec) to final evacuation completion (T₀ + 264 sec). This enabled a quantitative analysis of behavioral improvement. Results revealed that academic performance and family background significantly influenced learning outcomes, whereas the “evacuation during fire” domain showed no statistically significant change, suggesting insufficient instructional content or delivery. Policy recommendations include customized fire safety programs reflecting learner characteristics, experiential evacuation drills, school–home safety integration, mandatory dormitory fire drills, and certification with best-practice dissemination. The findings offer a practical framework for enhancing fire safety education tailored to dormitory-based schools, contributing to improved preparedness, response capability, and student survival in real fire emergencies.

조선시대 산성의 축성법은 군사적 상황과 외부 충격, 그리고 외래 성제의 수용과 변용 에 따라 변화하였다. 조선 전기에는 고려 말 대몽항쟁기의 경험을 계승하여 전국적으로 대규모 입보용 산성을 수축하였으나, 1429년(세종 11) 이후 읍성 중심의 방어체계로 전 환되면서 산성은 급격히 쇠퇴하였다. 임진왜란으로 인하여 조선은 다시 산성 중심의 방어체계로 전환하였다. 명나라의 『기 효신서』가 전래되어 포루, 여장, 현안 등 새로운 축성 개념이 도입되었으나, 전시 상황의 제약으로 제한적 적용에 머물렀다. 조선 후기에는 병자호란에서의 홍이포 충격을 계기 로 성벽의 대형화·입방체화가 이루어졌으며, 포혈·돈대·총안의 표준화, 읍치의 산성 내 조성 등 구조적 변화가 본격화되었다. 이러한 축성법의 변화에는 중국 성제의 규식화와 일본 왜성의 곡륜형 옹성·완경사 성 벽·다중 성벽 구조가 영향을 주었으나, 조선은 이를 전통 기술과 융합하여 독자적 양식 을 형성하였다. 따라서 조선 산성은 단순한 방어시설을 넘어, 위기 대응과 외래 성제의 창의적 변용을 보여주는 복합적 군사 건축유산으로 평가된다.

반영구 화장은 미용 산업에서 독립적인 전문 분야로 성장해 앖으나, 기존 연구는 기술적 요소와 소비자 만족도에 치우쳐 제도·위생·교육 등 공공적 의제와 질적 접근 이 상대적으로 부족했다. 산업의 확대와 더불어 문신사 합법화 등 제도 환경 변화가 논의되는 현시점에서, 국내 연구 동향에 대한 체계적 검토가 요구된다. 본 연구는 2005–2024년 국내 반영구 화장 관련 문헌을 대상으로 연구 주제와 방법론의 경향 을 파악하고, 학문적·산업적·정책적 함의를 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 국내 학술 논문 및 학위논문 256편을 수집한 뒤 PRISMA 2020 지침을 준용하여 최종 152편 을 선정하였고, 질적 내용 분석을 통해 주제·방법·시기 분포를 범주화하고 교차 분석 하였다. 주제 분포는 소비자 인식·만족 31.58%, 시술 기법·기술적 특성 27.63%, 위 생·감염관리 14.47%, 정책·제도 13.16%, 교육·자격 13.16%로 나타났으며, 앞의 두 범주 합계는 59.21%였다. 특히 제도적 기반(위생·정책·교육) 묶음의 합계는 40.79% 로 확인되어, 기술·소비자 중심 연구와 더불어 구조·제도 축의 중요성도 뚜렷하게 드 러났다. 방법론 측면에서는 설문 중심의 정량 설계가 우세했으며, 질적 연구와 장기· 지역 다변화는 제한적이었다. 이상의 결과는 반영구 화장 연구가 기술 중심을 넘어 소비자 인식의 심화와 제도 기반(위생·정책·교육)의 강화를 축으로 한 혼합방법적 전 환이 필요함을 시사한다.