본고의 목적은 전 세계 무슬림의 약 90%에 해당하는 순니 무슬림의 3대 신학파(무타질라, 아샤리, 그리고 살라피)에 관해 분석하고 선교적 제안을 하는 것이다. 무슬림들은 무함마드의 사후에 내부적인 갈등과 정복전쟁으로 인해 외부에서 유입되는 헬라사상에 대면하여 이슬람을 종교적이고 논리적으로 방어할 필요성을 느끼게 되었다. 무타질라 학파는 신학적 탐구의 방법으로 철저히 이성을 사용하여 외래의 학문과 사상에 대응하면서 이슬람 교리를 옹호하였다. 아샤리 학파는 무타질라 학파보다 이슬람 전통에 더 비중을 두면서 꾸란을 창조물이 아닌 신의 본질로 이해하고, 인간의 자유의지보다 신의 섭리를 강조하며, 인과관계(causality)에 의한 종말론을 거부한다. 살라피 학파는 꾸란과 하디스의 내용을 문자적으로 받아들이고 이슬람 초기 시대의 살라프(선조) 들이 남긴 관행을 그대로 추종한다. 무슬림들에게 그리스도의 사랑을 증거하기 원한다면 이슬람의 다양성을 이해해야 하고 이슬람 신학의 중심에 위치하는 꾸란에 대한 성숙한 접근이 필요하다.

In order for the probe to perform ocean exploration and survey research, it is necessary to adjust the position of the ship as desired by dynamic positioning system. The dynamic positioning system of T/S NARA is applied to K-POS dynamic positioning system of Kongsberg, which makes maintaining the ship's position, changing position and heading control possible. T/S NARA is not capable of dynamic positioning if one or more propulsive forces are lost with DP Level One. However, it is predicted that dynamic positioning can be achieved even at the time of missing one thrust in a good sea condition. Therefore, we want to analyze the effect of each propulsion on the performance of dynamic position system. When one of the bow thruster and azimuth thrusters lost their propulsion, maintaining the ship's position, changing position and heading control performance were compared and analyzed. If the situation occurred disable from using the bow thruster, they can not maintain ship's position. Azimuth thruster was influential for the ship's position control and bow thruster was influential in heading control. The excellent dynamic positioning performance can be achieved, considering the propulsion power that will have a impact on each situation in the future.

This study aimed to analyze the profitability and economic feasibility of hairtail trolling line gear that was developed for the last 3 years (2015-2017). The new fishing gear technology development was accomplished to solve the current problem of fishermen shortage in hairtail targeting fisheries in Jeju region. Results indicated that the profitability of developed hairtail trolling line fishery was estimated to be 36.1 % which would be higher than that of other hairtail targeting fisheries in Jeju region. In addition, as an economic feasibility, the net present value and the internal rate of return of a 20-year cash inflow and outflow were evaluated to be 400.2 million won and 66.9 %, respectively. However, sensitivity analyses of main variables showed that the profitability and economic feasibility would be vulnerable to catch amount and market condition changes.

In the area around Jeju Island, the squid jigging fishery and the hair-tail angling are popular. Therefore, the study on the characteristics of the formation and shift of fishing grounds is very important. We have received and analyzed AIS data of all vessels around Jeju Island from October 16, 2016 to October 16, 2017, and extracted the positions of the fishing vessels with the same operational characteristics as the fishing vessels of their fisheries. The distribution chart of the frequency of fishing vessels appearing in each predefined fishing grid (1 NM × 1 NM) was analyzed. So we took a analogy with the monthly shift of fishing grounds. Many fishing vessels appeared in the seas around Jeju Island from November 2016 to January 2017, and the frequency of their appearance was maintained. In November, however, fishing vessels were mostly concentrated in coastal waters. Yet, the density gradually weakened as they moved into January. From February, the frequency itself began to decline, making it the worst in April. The high concentration of fishing vessels in the waters leading from Jeju Island's northwest coast to south coast in November is believed to be related to the yellowtail fishery that are formed annually in the coastal waters off the island of Marado. In May 2017, the appearance frequency of fishing vessels increased and began to show a concentration in coastal waters around Jeju Island. Fishing vessels began to flock in waters northwest of Jeju Island beginning in July and peaked in August, and by September, fishing vessels were moving south along the coast of Jeju Island, weakening the density and spreading out. Between July and August, fishing vessels were concentrated in waters surrounding Jeju Island, which is believed to be related to the operations of fishing vessels for the squid jigging fishery and the hair-tail angling.

This study attempted to establish an ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis method for standard determination of silymarin as a health functional food material in Silybum marianum extraxt (milk thistle). UPLC was performed on a Waters Acquity BEH C18 (50×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column using a gradient elution of distilled water and methanol at a flow rate of 0.21 mL/min and detection wavelength of 288 nm. The UPLC method showed high linearity in the calibration curve at a coefficient of determination (r2) of >0.9999, and limit of detection and quantitation for 6 flavonolignans were 0.0167-0.2469 and 0.1648-1.2931 μg/mL, respectively. The recovery of each flavnolignan was in the range of 99.96-100.81%, and the relative standard deviation for precision of each flavonolignan was less than 1.0%. The UPLC method established in this study was more specific for the quantitative determination of silymarin than the HPLC method. Also, since the UPLC method is shorter in the equipment operation time and smaller in the amount of used solvent than the HPLC method, UPLC is expected to have higher energy efficiency and lower environmental impact compared with HPLC.

본 연구는 한인밀집지역인 뉴욕과 뉴저지 지역의 한인교회를 연구조사한 정보를 바탕으로 쓰여졌다. 이 교회들에 만연한 교인들의 수평이동과 찾아보기 힘든 회심성장의 상황이 한국교회와 유사하다. 교회론이 선교론보다 선행함으로 말미암아 being a church 보다는 doing a church에 집중함으로 교회의 구조, 시설, 프로그램에 집중하게 되었다. 선교론에서 출발하여 교회론이 실천되는 모델이 될 경우 하나님의 선교(Missio Dei)로서 전도와 제자도를 실천하게 되며, 그 결과로 교회가 세워지게 되는 것으로 이해한다. 제자를 재생산하는 교회는 스스로 선교적임을 인식한다. 폴 히버트의 세트이론을 통하여 경계이론의 획일성이 수평이동 중심의 교회를 설명하고, 중심이론의 다양성이 제자 재생산 중심의 교회를 설명한다. 이는 복잡한 교회구조 보다는 더 많은 양육자(disciplemaker) 중심의 교회로의 전환을 전제 한다. 이러한 교회는 제자 삼기와 재생산에 대한 확고한 의도를 가지며, 보냄 받은 교회로서 교회를 삶과 분리하지 않는다. 재생산을 위한 기본 단위로서 소그룹을 이해하며, 소그룹 중심의 전도와 제자삼기는 예수님의 제자도와 재생산의 원리를 실천하는 길임을 확인하게 된다.

Background: There are insufficient objective or quantitative evidence for the better intervention to improve proprioception particularly for the application of external load. There are conflicting opinions whether the external load is effective for proprioception improvement or not. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of external load on proprioception of shoulder joint quantitatively using 3D motion capture system. Methods: Nine healthy adults joined for this study. They were asked to perform scapular plane abduction motion with attaching reflective markers on the trunk and upper limb. The 3D positions of finger marker, while they performed the same task with and without external load, were recorded and analyzed. Results: All participants showed decreased variable errors in the vertical direction when the external load was applied (p<.02). Even though other directions (y, z) and absolute errors increased, they did not have statistical significances. Conclusion: Based on this study results, the external load application would be effective for shoulder joint position sense improvement.