The two dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (2D-QSARs) models concerning the binding affinity constants (p[Od.]50) between 2-cyclohexyltetrahydropyrane and 2-cyclohexyltetrahydrofurane analogues as substrates, and bovine odorant binding protein (bOBP) as receptor were derived by multiple regression analyses method and discussed. The statistical quality of the optimized 2D-QSAR model (5) was good (r=0.907). From the model, the binding affinity constants (p[Od.]50) were dependent upon the optimal value ((TL)opt.=2.737) of total lipole (TL) of substrate molecules. Based on these findings, the high active compounds predicted by optimized 2D-QSAR model (5) were 2-(dimethylcyclohexyl)tetrahydropyrane molecule and their isomer molecules. The binding affinity constants regarding bOBP of the tetrahydrofuryl-2-yl family compounds were dependent upon the hydrophobicity (logP) of whole substrate molecules. In any case of porcine odorant-binding proteins (pOBP), the constants were dependent upon the hydrophobicity (πx=logPx－logPH) of substituents (R) in substrate molecules. Also, from the optimal values of hydrophobic constant, the hydrophobicity for bOBP influenced ca. twice time bigger (bOBP>pOBP) than that for pOBP.

본 연구는 현실에서의 성취동기(achievement motivation)가 컴퓨터 게임이라는 가상 현실에서 어떻게 나타나는지를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 다섯 가지 성취동기의 하위 척도 (과업지향성, 자기책임성, 도전성, 승부 및 결과에 대한 관심도, 미래에 대한 관심도)를 통해 현실에서의 성취동기와 컴퓨터 게임 내에서의 성취동기를 조사하였다. 결과는 현실 내 성취동기와 컴퓨터 게임 내 성취동기는 전반적으로 정적 상관을 가지고 있음이 드러났지만, 몇 가지 점에서 다른 심리적 양상이 발견되었다. 즉, 컴퓨터 가상 공간에서 보다 현실 공간에서 미래에 대한 보다 많은 관심을 보였으며, 특히, 자기 책임성항목과 관련하여 컴퓨터 공간에서는 공동과제대한 실수를 타인에 귀인하는 반면, 현실공간에서는 자기자신에 대한 실수로 귀인하는 반대의 경향성을 보이고 있다. 결론적으로 현실에서의 성취동기와 컴퓨터 게임 수행에 과련 된 성취동기는 많은 연관성을 가졌지만, 컴퓨터 게임이라는 가상공간에서는 몇 가지 특수한 형식으로 성취동기에 대한 심적 패턴이 형성된다고 볼 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to take a close look at team teaching between a Korean elementary English teacher and a native teacher of English and thus to explore ways that team teaching can be performed more effectively. The data consists of teaching journals and an interview. Teaching journals were written by the Korean teacher and the native teacher for one semester while co-teaching. The analysis of data revealed the followings. First, the role relationships between the two teachers changed dynamically as the native teacher had more experiences of teaching. The native teacher was a novice at first, but she became the associate and sometimes team leader in the end of the semester. Second, the Korean teacher's efforts to communicate with the native teacher regarding the contents and methods of teaching helped the native teacher progress in teaching skills and management of class. Third, the Korean teacher felt stress due to too much work and responsibility related to team teaching although she found the experience of team teaching rewarding in terms of her professional development. Finally, it was found that activities and games rather than reading and writing were more appropriate for team teaching. Based on these findings several suggestions were made.

인공재배된 만가닥버섯(Hypsizygus mamoreus )과 잿빛만가닥버섯(Lyophyllum decastes )을 ITSⅠ^Ⅳ 부위의 염기서열에 의해 종속간 유연관계 및 RAPD 다형성을 분석하였다. ITSⅠ^Ⅳ영역부위 종속간 유연관계에서 Group1(SPA 100, 101, 102)은 만가닥버섯 에 속하였으며, Group2(11균주) 잿빛만가닥버섯 의 대조 분리군 11균주는 동일한 종으로 동정되었다. ITS결과 14개 균주 시 4개 그룹으로 분류되었으며, ClusterⅠ과 ClusterⅡ는 58%의 유사도를 ClusterⅢ과 ClusterⅣ는 41%의 유사성을 보였다. 또한 인공재배한 잿빛만가닥버섯의 종 다양성을 분석하기위해 RAPD를 수행한 결과 가장 수량이 양호하며 우량계통인 SPA 202는 잿빛만가닥버섯인 Lyophyllum decastes SPA 203과 그룹화 되었으며 75%의 유사성을 보여주었고, Lyophyllum decastes 공시균주인 SPA 103과 SPA 104의 유사성은 65%로 나타났다.

카툰 렌더링은 표현하고자 하는 물체의 내부를 2~3 단계로 나누어 단순화된 음영으로 처리하고, 모델의 윤곽선을 그려 마치 셀 애니메이션과 비슷한 효과를 내는 방법으로 아주 고전적인 기술이라 할 수 있다. 특히 컴퓨터 게임에서는 그 초기부터 카툰 렌더링이 사용되었고 현재에도 가장 많이 사용되는 기법이다. 역사적으로도 오래된 기법이므로 사용자에게 친근한 느낌을 주기 때문에 카툰 렌더링은 많은 캐주얼 게임의 성공에 중요한 역할을 하였다. 하지만 최근에는 많은 게임들이 카툰 렌더링을 사용함에 따라 그래픽 상으로 큰 차이를 낼 수 없게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 현재 사용되고 있는 카툰 렌더링 기술을 현황을 살펴보고, 이를 바탕으로 컴퓨터 게임을 위한 카툰 렌더링의 발전 방향에 대해 살펴보려 한다.

Today's driver information system often features a rotary control type as a main controller for menu navigation. Population stereotype should be clearly understood in designing those systems to minimize the misunderstanding by the operator. This paper investigates stereotypes for rotary controlled menu interfaces and influences of contributing principles. A human factors experiment was conducted using various configurations of control-display layouts, cursor shapes/positions, and movement directions. The results showed that the control should be on the left of the display, with a rightward icon on the right side of the cursor, in order to match the stereotype. Regression analysis indicated that Warrick's principle was the most influential principle, followed by Icon shape, Icon position, Clockwise away, and Clockwise up principles. This study provides valuable information to designers of menu-based systems such as driver information systems and main control rooms that uses rotary controls.

본 논문은 랜드스케이프 어바니즘의 실천적 주제를 통해 점차 도시화되어가는 건축의 실험적 영역의 가능성을 타진해 본다. 대표적인 랜드스케이프 건축가인 제임스 코너의 랜드스케이프 어바니즘의 실천적 주제와 크리스트퍼 지롯과 세바츠찬 바롯의 랜드스케이프 건축의 개념간의 매스릭스 분석을 통해 시간기반프로세스, 표면의 잠재적 영역성, 실천적 방법론 상상력의 주제들이 이미 어바니즘을 넘어 건축의 영역으로 충분히 들어와 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 랜드스케이프 어바니즘 전반적 랜드스케이프 개념의 트레이싱 그리고 건축적 랜드스케이프 개념간의 상호 관계를 드러내는 매트릭스 밀도를 통해 보다 세부적인 주제별 특성들과 전략들을 가늠해 볼 수 있도록 한다. 결과적으로 건축공간내 다양한 사건공간을 만들어 내는 현대건축의 주요한 공간특성을 구성하는 랜드스케이프의 전략은 외부공간으로 확대되어 랜드스케이프 어바니즘으로 연속되어 건축도시공간은 거대한 사건의 장소로 강화된다.

In this study, the effects of psychosocial stress (box color and precision demand) on muscle activity were evaluated in laboratory setting. Eight subjects performed sagittally symmetric lifting tasks. Box color (yellow, black), precision demand (yes, no), and box weight (5%MVC, 10%MVC, 15 %MVC) were varied and surface EMG signals from seven muscles(medial deltoid right, biceps brachii right, lateral triceps right, latissimus dorsi right, erector spinae right, external oblique right, internal oblique right) were recorded. EMG signals were band-pass filtered(10~400 Hz), rectified, RMS smoothed and normalized (NEMG). Analysis of variance tests were conducted on the total NEMG (TNEMG: the sum of the seven muscles' NEMGs) and on the individual muscle's NEMGs. Box color had no effect on the TNEMG and on the seven muscles activities(p〉0.05). When precision demand was required at the end point of lifts, the mean NEMG showed higher values than no precision demand conditions: TNEMG (14% increase) and medial deltoid(40% increase), biceps brachii(10% increase), lateral triceps(26% increase), latissimus dorsi(25% increase) muscles. Those increases showed more conspicuous as the box weight increased in the muscles of medial deltoid, lateral triceps, and latissimus dorsi.

The purposes of this study are to examine the effects of the speech-analysis software on Korean college students' pronunciation improvement, and to find out ways to enhance the efficiency of computer-based visual feedback in the teaching of English pronunciation. The participants of the study are 89 English-major college students who are required and expected to have native-like pronunciation. A total of 178 recorded pronunciation data of pre-and post-tests were analyzed in terms of consonants, tense/lax vowels, consonant clusters, and phonological changes. The major findings of the study are as follows: First, the use of speech-analysis software was effective in improving the students' pronunciation. Second, the use of speech-analysis software was more effective at the discourse-level than at the word-in-isolation or sentence levels. In addition, it was more effective to students with low level pronunciation proficiency than those with high level proficiency. Third, the use of speech-analysis software was the most effective in training word-initial [h]-deletion of function words at the sentence level. Fourth, the participants responded that the visual feedback of speech-analysis program was useful in self-monitoring and self-correcting their pronunciation errors. Based on these findings, some pedagogical suggestions are made with respect to the didactic use of speech-analysis software in the teaching of English pronunciation.

최근 미국과 일본은 이전부터 쌓아온 게임에 대한 기술력과 기획력을 온라인 게임에 적용하여 이전 한국의 온라인 게임 못지않은 게임들을 만들고 있으며 후발주자인 중국도 빠르게 기술을 습득하여 표절의 의혹은 많이 있으나 점점 한국의 입지를 좁히고 있다. 한국의 게임도 여성유저의 양적 성장이 눈에 띄게 급신장하고 있어 게임 유저 층이 점점 선진국형화 되어 가고 있다. 이에 새로운 전환점을 맞아 새로운 개념과 형식으로 다양한 유저층이 즐길 수 있는 게임기획이 필요하다. 이런 흐름에 맞혀 여성유저들의 관심을 끄는 게임들을 분석하여 이들이 가지고 있는 어떤 특징들이 그들을 열광하게 만드는지 분석하고, 앞으로의 개발 방향에 대하여 제시하였다. 본 논문의 결과는 게임제작의 초석이 되는 게임기획 디자인에 의사결정을 지원 할 것으로 기대한다.

본 논문은 대공간에 적용된 친환경 계획요소 검토와 친환경요소기술의 적용성을 외국의 사례연구를 통해 분석함으로서 국내 친환경건축물 활성화와 설계기술 향상에 기여할 기초자료를 도출하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 2010년 동계올림픽 개최에 즈음하여 최근 완공된 캐나다 동계스포츠시설 2곳과 컨벤션센터 1곳을 대상으로 이들 대공간에 적용된 친환경계획요소를 소개하고, 이들 대공간에 적용된 친환경 건축기법을 LEED Green Building Rating System평가항목을 기준으로 분석하였다.

The quantity of the fuel gas consumed is trending upwards because it can be easily delivered but isn't deteriorated and doesn't have any environmental pollution. Though there are many advantages to use the fuel gas, it can be hesitated to consume more gas because of its explosiveness and combustibility. So paying more attentions to prevent the fuel gas accidents is required. In this paper, we examine the present situation data about the fuel gas accidents and analyze them statistically using ANOVA. we confirm that there is an acceptable difference between the mean values of accidents classified by the kind of gas, the cause, the type and the place but isn't by month. It is expected that our result can be applied as preliminary data when mapping out a strategy for preventing the fuel gas accidents.

Steel and iron manufacture works exist that many latency risk as melting liquid of high temperature, work of high place, and so on. Once in a while, the accident case make use of basic data for latency risk analysis in a place of business. In this paper, we investigated the cause of the accident in steel an iron works. The result, we came across that many latency risk in steel and iron manufacture works. The main type of risk are fall, narrow, come flying, etc. Most of the latency risk type are repetition and conventional accident. Accordingly, steel and manufacture works must prevent to repetition and conventional accident.

The Heat Transport system loop stability of CANDU-6 reactor as Wolsong-1 with the CANFLEX fuel bundle has been studied. The SOPHT modelling of the CANFLEX fuel bundle and the ROH interconnection line was made and the stability analysis response of Wolsong-1 reactor with CANFLEX fuel bundle was obtained. The mechanics of the flow instability caused by two phase flow was reviewed. Without the ROH interconnection line the Heat Transport system loop is unstable while the Heat Transport system is stable within ±1 % of nominal flow with the ROH interconnection line

게임산업은 정보 산업 중에 다른 사업과의 연계를 통해 큰 부가가치를 창출하고 침체된 IT 산업을 활성화시킬 수 있는 분야로 빠르게 성장하고 있으며, 게임소비자가 폭발적으로 증가하고 소비층이 폭넓어짐에 따라 엔터테인먼트의 핵심적인 분야로 떠오르고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일반적인 가치사슬 구조와의 비교를 통하여, 현재 게임산업의 가치사슬 구조를 제대로 분석하기 위해 게임비즈니스모델을 제시하고, 다변화하는 게임 가치사슬 구조를 재정립하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 게임산업과 의료산업의 융합 서비스 모델인 암치료 게임 ‘리미션’을 분석하여 가치사슬 융합을 통한 새로운 게임 산업 발전 모델을 도출하였으며, 향후 발전방향 및 전략적 대안을 제시하고자 한다.

Unless certain limitation is increasing the number of the job type will be inevitable in the future because of development of industry, adaptation on speedy life style, and leisure oriented nuclear family style. In this paper, a prospective model of supply and demand of work force has been developed basing on various categories of industries and patterns about employees to look over efficient supply and demand of work force suiting employment of work force policies. In this paper, after Analyzing job preference, we have noticed a more stable job system and the results showed significant improvements over the existing job system.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy on physical function of patients with anklyosing spondylitis (AS) through the systemic review and meta-analysis. The 54 studies were identified from computerized search of published researches on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, KISS, KERIS database until February, 2008 and review of reference lists. The main search terms were the combination "ankylosing spondylitis", "exercise", "spondyloarthropathy and exercise", "ankylosing spondylitis and physical therapy". The subgroup analysis was performed by the publication year, quality score, type of disease, content of intervention, intervention provider, type of intervention, method of intervention, intervention period and the point of outcome measured. Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed the quality and extracted the data. The result was as follows: The 10 trials were eligible for inclusion criteria, then the systematic review and meta-analysis was assessed on effectiveness of exercise therapy. The meta-analysis of 10 studies based on the random effect model showed that the exercise therapy was beneficial in treating the diseases (effect size .55; 95% confidence interval -.3.75~.61). The findings suggest that the exercise therapy would be appropriate to manage the physical function of AS with evidence based on Meta-analysis. Therefore, the exercise therapy supervised by physical therapist should be recognized as the essential approach to manage the AS and necessarily recommended to improve physical function.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a repetitive lifting task on the level of activation and median frequency of the paraspinal muscles, and to provide basic data of the maximal acceptable duration of the lifting task to avoid muscle fatigue. Ten healthy male subjects were recruited as participants and they repetitively (12 lifts/min) lifted a box (46 ㎝ × 30 ㎝ × 30 ㎝, 15 kg) for 10 minutes. Electromyographic data (muscle activation and median frequency), heart rate, and Borg CR10 score were recorded at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 minutes after the lifting task. Electromyographic data was recorded from the elector spinalis, mutifidus, external oblique abdominis, and rectus abdominis for 1 minute. The results showed that as the repetitive lifting task progressed, the heart rate and Borg CR10 score significantly increased. In addition, activation of the muscles increased. The median frequency significantly decreased over time in the elector spinalis, mutifidus, and external oblique abdominis (right side), except for the external oblique abdominis (left side) and rectus abdominis. It is suggested that the median frequency recorded from a dynamic task is used to monitor muscle fatigue. Furthermore, the repetitive lifting task (15 kg, 12 lifts/min) should not continue for more than 3 minutes in order to avoid muscle fatigue.

본 연구는 장스팬 콘크리트 포장 슬래브가 환경하중을 받아 컬링 거동을 할 때의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 먼저 장스팬 포장 슬래브의 유한요소해석 모델을 구성하여 컬링 시 응력분포 특성 및 슬래브 길이, 두께, 하부지지층 강성, 슬래브 단부 구속 등이 컬링 거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 실제 시공된 장스팬 포장 슬래브를 이용하여 현장에서 환경하중에 의한 거동을 측정함으로써 컬링 거동 특성을 실험적으로도 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 장스팬 포장 슬래브는 단부에서 부터 슬래브 중앙을 따라 어느 정도 안쪽으로 들어오면 컬링에 의한 수직변위가 발생하지 않으며 응력은 이곳에서부터 일정하게 최대치를 보이게 된다. 장스팬 포장 슬래브의 길이 및 하부지지층의 강성은 최대 컬링 응력에 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 슬래브 단부의 구속은 컬링 응력이 단부까지 발생하게 하지만 최대 컬링 응력의 크기에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다.