In this study, manufacturing equipments for urushiol free raw rhus verniciflua stem(RRVS) extracts are developed which do not need for drying process and high pressure device. The three layered pressure tank and heating medium oil boiler are designed which are more efficient than the conventional ones, and the safety of the tank is assured by the structural analysis software. Finally, the RRVS extracts are prepared by water extraction technique at 100℃ using the developed equipments. In the physicochemical experiments for the RRVS extracts, an allergen such as urushiol is not detected, whereas the antioxidant such as polyphenol and flavonoid are contained.

There is a need for the development of insulation products with excellent insulation performance and durable insulation for building components. Various policies has been trying to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. The development of energy-saving building materials is also evolving as the energy saving of buildings becomes a main trend. In public and commercial buildings, reliability and beauty are emphasized with respect to the safety of buildings. The purpose of this study was to develop a manufacturing equipment and technology for the development of high airtight stainless steel insulation doors that can meet energy saving design standards of buildings.

Gd2O3:Eu3+ red phosphors were prepared by template method from crystalline cellulose impregnated by metal salt. The crystallite size and photoluminescence(PL) property of Gd2O3:Eu3+ red phosphors were controlled by varying the calcination temperature and Eu3+ mol ratio. The nano dispersion of Gd2O3:Eu3+ was also conducted with a bead mill wet process. Dependent on the time of bead milling, Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanosol of around 100 nm (median particle size : D50) was produced. As the bead milling process proceeded, the luminescent efficiency decreased due to the low crystallinity of the Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles. In spite of the low PL property of Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanosol, it was observed that the photoluminescent property was recovered after re-calcination. In addition, in the dispersed nanosol treated at 85 oC, a self assembly phenomenon between particles appeared, and the particles changed from spherical to rod-shaped. These results indicate that particle growth occurs due to mutual assembly of Gd(OH)3 particles, which is the hydration of Gd2O3 particles, in aqueous solvent at 85 oC.

An optimum route to fabricate a hybrid-structured W powder composed of nano and micro size powders was investigated. The mixture of nano and micro W powders was prepared by a ball milling and hydrogen reduction process for WO3 and W powders. Microstructural observation for the ball-milled powder mixtures revealed that the nano-sized WO3 particles were homogeneously distributed on the surface of large W powders. The reduction behavior of WO3 powder was analyzed by a temperature programmed reduction method with different heating rates in Ar-10% H2 atmosphere. The activation energies for the reduction of WO3, estimated by the slope of the Kissinger plot from the amount of reaction peak shift with heating rates, were measured as 117.4 kJ/mol and 94.6 kJ/mol depending on reduction steps from WO3 to WO2 and from WO2 to W, respectively. SEM and XRD analysis for the hydrogen-reduced powder mixture showed that the nano-sized W particles were well distributed on the surface of the micro-sized W powders.

본 연구에서는 다공성 폴리에틸렌 지지체를 기반으로 세 가지 가교제를 혼합 도입한 세공충진 이온교환막을 제조 하고 역 전기투석에서 멤브레인의 특성이 발전성능에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 실험 결과, 분자 크기가 다른 가교제를 혼합 함으로써 이온교환막의 가교도 및 자유체적이 효과적으로 조절됨을 확인하였으며 상관 분석을 통해 멤브레인의 전기화학적 특성 및 이를 적용한 역 전기투석의 발전성능에 복합적인 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 특히 세공충진 양이온 교환막은 최적 가교조건에서 상용막 대비 동등 이상의 발전 성능을 나타내었으며 음이온 교환막 또한 상용막에 근접하는 우수한 성능을 나 타내었다.

화석연료의 무분별한 사용에 따라 이산화탄소 배출 등 환경오염의 문제가 대두되면서, 전 세계적으로 신⋅재생에 너지 및 친환경 에너지에 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 연료전지는 전기에너지를 발생시키며 부산물로써 물만을 생성하는 친환경 에너지 발전 장치이다. 특히, 음이온 교환막을 이용한 알칼리 연료전지(Anion Exchange Membrane Alkaline Fuel Cell, AEMAFC)는 수소이온 교환막을 이용한 연료전지(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, PEMFC)에 비해 보다 높은 촉 매의 활성으로 인해 저가의 금속 촉매의 사용이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 이러한 AEMAFC에서 요구되는 AEM의 특성으로 는 연료전지가 작동하는 높은 pH 조건에서 높은 이온전도도 뿐만 아니라 화학적 안정성이다. 본 연구에서는 화학적 안정성 을 극대화 시키기 위하여 poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) 고분자에 spacer-type의 전도기를 도입함과 동시에 가교법을 이용하여 높은 이온전도도(80°C, 67.9 mS cm-1)와 기계적 성질(영률 : 0.53 GPa) 뿐만 아니라 높은 pH 조건에서 화학적 안정 성(80°C, 1000 h, 6.8% loss of IEC)을 갖는 AEMAFC용 고분자 전해질 막으로써의 가능성을 제시하였다.

본 연구에서는 얇은 폴리에틸렌 계 다공성 필름(두께 = 25 μm)에 이오노머를 충진시킨 세공충진 이온교환막을 개발하였으며 이를 적용한 전 바나듐 레독스 흐름전지의 충방전 특성을 고찰하였다. 특히 분자 크기가 다른 가교제를 혼합함 으로써 이온교환막의 가교도 및 자유체적을 적절히 제어하여 저저항 및 저 바나듐 투과도를 나타내는 이온교환막을 제조하 고자 하였다. 실험 결과, 제조된 세공충진 이온교환막은 상용막 대비하여 동등 수준의 우수한 전기화학적 특성을 나타내었다. 또한 바나듐 이온 투과도 및 전 바나듐 레독스 흐름전지 성능 평가 실험을 통해 얇은 막 두께에도 불구하고 상용막 대비하여 낮은 바나듐 이온 투과도와 높은 충방전 효율을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

A Nanosized WO3 and CuO powder mixture is prepared using novel high-energy ball milling in a bead mill to obtain a W-Cu nanocomposite powder, and the effect of milling time on the structural characteristics of WO3-CuO powder mixtures is investigated. The results show that the ball-milled WO3-CuO powder mixture reaches at steady state after 10 h milling, characterized by the uniform and narrow particle size distribution with primary crystalline sizes below 50 nm, a specific surface area of 37 m2/g, and powder mean particle size (D50) of 0.57 μm. The WO3-CuO powder mixtures milled for 10 h are heat-treated at different temperatures in H2 atmosphere to produce W-Cu powder. The XRD results shows that both the WO3 and CuO phases can be reduced to W and Cu phases at temperatures over 700oC. The reduced W-Cu nanocomposite powder exhibits excellent sinterability, and the ultrafine W-Cu composite can be obtained by the Cu liquid phase sintering process.

Ni wires with a diameter and length of 0.4 and 100 mm, respectively, and a purity of 99.9% are electrically exploded at 25 cycles per minute. The Ni nanopowders are successfully synthesized by a pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method, in which Ar gas is used as the ambient gas. The characterization of the nanopowders is carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a high-resolution transmission electronmicroscope (HRTEM). The Ni nanopowders are classified for a multilayer ceramic condenser (MLCC) application using a type two Air-Centrifugal classifier (model: CNI, MP-250). The characterization of the classified Ni nanopowders are carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and particle size analysis (PSA) to observe the distribution and minimum classification point (minimum cutting point) of the nanopowders.

Microstructure, electric, and thermal properties of the Ta-Cu composite is evaluated for the application in electric contact materials. This material has the potential to be used in a medium for a high current range of current conditions, replacing Ag-MO, W, and WC containing materials. The optimized SPS process conditions are a temperature of 900oC for a 5 min holding time under a 30 MPa mechanical pressure. Comparative research is carried out for the calculated and actual values of the thermal and electric properties. The range of actual thermal and electric properties of the Ta-Cu composite are 50~300W/mk and 10~90 %IACS, respectively, according to the compositional change of the 90 to 10 wt% Ta-Cu system. The results related to the electric contact properties, suggest that less than 50 wt% of Ta compositions are possible in applications of electric contact materials.

In this study we manufacture a Ni-Cr-B-Si +WC/12Co composite coating layer on a Cu base material using a laser cladding (LC) process, and investigate the microstructural and mechanical properties of the LC coating and Ni electroplating layers (reference material). The initial powder used for the LC coating layer is a powder feedstock with an average particle size of 125 μm. To identify the microstructural and mechanical properties, OM, SEM, XRD, room and high temperature hardness, and wear tests are implemented. Microstructural observation of the initial powder and LC coating layer confirm the layer is composed mainly of γ-Ni phases and WC and Cr23C6 carbides. The measured hardness of the LC coating and Ni electroplating layers are 653 and 154 Hv, respectively. The hardness measurement from room up to high temperatures of 700°C result in a hardness decrease as the temperature increases, but the hardness of the LC coating layer is higher for all temperature conditions. Room temperature wear results show that the wear loss of the LC coating layer is 1/12 of the wear level of the Ni electroplating layer. The measured bond strength is also greater in the LC coating than the Ni electroplating.

제조물책임법은 제품의 제조, 설계, 표시상의 결함으로 인해 사용자의 생명이나 신체에 피해나 손실이 발생할 경우 제조물의 결함과 그로 인한 피해 사실이 입증되면 제조업자 등이 손해배상책임을 지게 하는 제도이다. 제조물책임법의 시행으로 기업은 제품의 안전성 확보와 만약에 발생할 수 있는 제품 사고를 대응하는 활동을 체계적으로 수립하는 노력이 필요하다. 그렇지만 실제로 기업이 제조물 책임 대응활동을 얼마나 체계적으로 예방하고 대응할 수 있는가를 확인할 수 있는 제도는 아직 미흡한 상태이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제조기업의 제조물책임 대응수준 평가제도 도입에 대한 소비자의 인식과 제도의 필요성을 조사하여 객관적이고 체계적인 평가제도로 도입할 수 있도록 연구결과를 기초자료로 제공하는데 목적이 있다.

The purpose of this research isto make improve productivity through process improvement without expensive capital investment in a small scale mold manufacturer. The target company which is selling sand mold casting products employs many foreigners, and 50% of factory workers worked by the periphery of a specific manufacturing sector were difficult to communicate smoothly on site. Also, the company has the customized production method which production and delivery time are constant each month. However, the company's situation is getting harder since the order volume of existing suppliers has decreased and profit has reduced. So, we decided that the company needs new customers and overseas markets in the long run but to improve the process without facility investment in the short term is important task. We improved the process, created the standard of work for foreign workers, and improved the working environment by eliminating the on-site risk factors that the staff could not perceive. The results were as follows. The productivity has improved by 1.5 times. Training by work standards has shortened the OJT time of new workers and efficient working methods have become standard. Improvement of the work environment has improved the job satisfaction of workers and enabled long-term service of workers in the mold industry where labor shortage is serious.

As the consumption of wheat has increased recently, the number of people who have digestive problems resulting from gluten in wheat has also increased. Teff has an attractive nutritional profile, as it not only gluten-free but also high in dietary fiber, protein, iron, and calcium. Seven samples were prepared for this study. The quality characteristics of gluten-free noodles were evaluated based on pH, salinity, water absorption, turbidity, color, texture properties, tensile strength, and SEM. The pH value was the highest in TF100 with a pH of 6.66 and the lowest in the control with a pH of 6.42. Salinity showed no significant difference among all samples, and it ranged from 0.02~0.04% (p<0.05). Water absorption was the highest in TFX with a value of 66.11%, and the lowest in the control with a value of 44.81%. Turbidity showed no significant difference among all samples, and it ranged from 0.14~0.21 O.D. (p<0.05). While the lightness and yellowness values decreased with an increase in teff flour content, the redness value tended to decrease. The color difference value was the highest in the sample group without gluten. Based on the texture profile analysis, the hardness was highest in the control with a value of 46.74 N and lowest in TF100 with a value of 18.34 N. The springiness showed no significant difference among all samples. The cohesiveness was highest in the control with a value of 0.92 N. The chewiness decreased with an increase in teff flour content. Although the control with gluten had the highest tensile strength at 3.42 kg/cm2, TFX had considerable tensile strength at 2.30 kg/cm2. This study demonstrated the processability of gluten-free noodles using teff flour.

Palatability and texture analysis of nine Korean rice cultivars were investigated to select the most appropriate rice variety for the cooked-rice processing. The rice cultivars studied consisted of Samkwang, Seonpum, Wolbaek, Andabyeo, Dasan-1, Ilpum, Haiami, Jungsanggold and Chindle. They revealed the moisture, protein, amylose and starch contents of 10~12, 5~6, 12~19, and approximately 90%, respectively. Among the evaluated rice varieties, WB exhibited the lowest amylose content (12.7%) and Jungsanggold the next (17.2%). In the rapid-visco analyzer test, Jungsanggold, Chindle, Wolbaek and Seonpum revealed a low value of final and setback viscosities than other varieties. Using a toyo meter analyzer, Chindle, Haiami, Samkwang were selected as having high toyo palatability values, while Dasan-1, Wolbaek and Andabyeo revealed low values. Toughness and adhesiveness of all nine cooked rice varieties were highest in Jungsanggold, Chindle and Ilpum. Also, palatability of cooked rice was highest in the following order: Chindle (80.03) > Samkwang (76.21) > Jungsanggold (74.08). The results of this study suggest that Chindle may be effectively used to produce processed cooked rice.

국내 도로의 총 연장은 매년 증가하고 있으며, 도로의 노후화는 점차 높아지고 있다. 한국건설기술연구원에 따르면 20년 이상 노후된 도로 포장 중속국도는 ‘12년 기준 400km, 일반국도는 4,703km이며 ’22년에는 고속국도는 3,322km, 일반국도는 8,660km로 노후화에 따른 유지보수 대상 도로의 증가는 불가피한 설정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 고성능 친환경 도로보수용 상온아스콘과 제조시스템의 개발에 관한 것으로 가장 기본이 될 수 있는 바인더의 개발하였다. 바인더의 개발단계에서 수용성바인더와 지용성바인더 두 가지를 를 바인더 선정을 위한 기초연구를 실시하였다. 기존의 도로보수용 상온아스콘의 보관사용을 위한 필수적인 첨가제인 가소제의 선정에 있어서 환경적으로 보다 무해한 재료를 사용하였다. 사용된 가소제의 역할을 하는 재료는 저 비등점 재료와 고 비등점 재료를 사용한다. 저 비등점과 고 비등점 가소제는 제품의 양생시간을 조절하기 위해서 사용되는 가소제의 역할을 하는 재료로서, 여름철과 겨울철에 따라서 사용량이 조절된다. 본 기소제는 연구과제의 개발단계의 두 가지 바인더에 공동으로 사용이 가능하다. 고성능의 제품 발현을 위해서 사용된 개질첨가제는 수용성 바인더와 지용성 바인더를 사용하였다. 이러한 개질첨가제는 혼합물을 제조할 때 여러 가지 방법을 사용하여 바인더 혹은 혼합물내에 분산성을 고려하여 투입방식을 달리하여 사용하였다. 국내 골재가 음이온으로 구성되어 있는 것을 감안하여 양이온유제를 사용하여 개발하였다. 양이온 유제를 사용한 제품의 골재와의 코팅테스트에서는 코팅율은 양호한 상태이었으나, 도로보수용으로 사용하기 위한 저장 및 보관을 위한 양생시간의 조절은 유화제로 조절하기에는 무리가 있어 단기간에 양생이 되는 현상이 발생되었다. 수용성 바인더를 이용한 도로보수용 상온아스콘의 저장 보관을 위해서 상기에서 언급한 두 가지의 가소제를 양생조절용으로 첨가하였으며 고성능을 부여하기 위해서 상기에서 언급한 수용성용의 개질첨가제를 사용하여 기초시험을 실시하였으나 포장지에 상온아스콘을 보관하는 과정에서 바인더에 함유된 수분이 포장지 내부에 유출되는 현상으로 포장지의 파손에 영향을 주는 결과를 초래하였다. 결과적으로 도로보수용 상온아스콘을 포장지에 보관하는 용도에는 수용성바인더는 부적합 한 결과를 나타냈다. 지용성 바인더는 골재의 종류와 상관없이 혼합성능이 우수하게 나타났다.또한 고성능을 부여하기 위한 개질첨가제와의 상용성도 우수한 것으로 판단되었으며, 포장지내의 보관 시 사소한 트러블도 발생되지 않아 바인더로서 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

식물 및 동물성 단백질 유래 펩타이드 형태의 단백질 가수 분해물들은 항산화, 고혈압 완화, 면역조절, 진통완화 및 항균작용 등 생리활성이 있는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구는 연산오계란 단백질 가수 분해물을 Ultrafiltration를 이용하여 HDS(분획되지 않은 가수 분해물), 1 kDa, 5 kDa, 10 kDa, 50 kDa로 분획된 기능성 펩타이드의 DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 및 Fe2+ chelation ability을 평가하였다. 그 결 과 DPPH radical scavenging activity 최대값은 1 kDa(70.83 %), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 최대값은 5 kDa (47.01 %), superoxide anion radical scavenging activity 최대값은 5 kDa(40.57 %), Fe2+ chelation ability 최대값은 5 kDa(29.87 %)로 나타났다. Ultrafiltration를 이용하여 fractionation된 단백질 가수 분해물의 항산화 저해 능력 IC50 평가하였다. 그 결과 HDS의 최대값은 superoxide anion radical scavenging activity(IC50, 5.42 mg/ml)이고, 1 kDa의 최대값은 Fe2+ chelation ability(IC50, 1.67 mg/ml)이고, 5 kDa의 최대값은 Fe2+ chelation ability(IC50, 2.09 mg/ml)이고, 10 kDa의 최대값은 Fe2+ chelation ability(IC50, 2.61 mg/ml)이고, 50 kDa의 최대값은 Fe2+ chelation ability(IC50, 4.53 mg/ml)이 다. 그러므로 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 5 kDa를 이용하여 오계란 단백질에서 분획한 펩타이드는 항산 화 기능성 식품소재로서 활용할 가치가 높을 것으로 기대한다.

내열성이 우수하며, 태양광 모듈의 유리 표면에 방담성(antifogging) 및 방오성(antifouling) 을 동시에 부여하여 효율을 향상시키기 위한 친수성 코팅액을 제조하기 위해 초친수성과 우수한 방담효 과를 나타내는 Tween 20과 데카플루오로부탄과 폴리에틸렌글리콜 성분으로 구성된 불소계면활성제 수 용액에 방오성 부여를 위하여 나노실리카를 분산하였다. 고온 처리에서 나노실리카의 함량에 따른 방담 효과는 모든 코팅액이 우수하였으나, 방오 효과는 나노실리카의 함량이 6 wt%일 때부터 나타났다. 불소 계면활성제의 함량이 증가할수록 초기 접촉각이 증가하며 방담 효과도 500회 wiping까지 잘 유지되었 다. 방오 효과 역시 불소계면활성제의 함량에 상관없이 우수하여 불소계면활성제의 적절한 첨가량은 0.1 wt%이상 이면 충분하였다. AFM 결과로부터 불소계면활성제가 0.1 wt%에서 0.3 wt%가 첨가된 경우 코팅 표면의 프랙탈구조가 확실히 나타나 방오성 향상에 기여하였다. 코팅된 유리의 투과도는 불소계면 활성제가 0.1 wt% 첨가된 TL-1의 경우가 가장 높았으며 더 많은 양의 불소계면활성제를 첨가할 경우 오히려 투과도 향상은 미미하였다. 이러한 결과는 앞의 AFM 결과에서 나타난 표면 조도가 높으며 프랙 탈구조 형성도 잘 일어난 TL-1 코팅액의 결과와 잘 일치하는 것이다.

An optimum route to fabricate oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic superalloy with desired microstructure was investigated. Two methods of high energy ball milling or polymeric additive solution route for developing a uniform dispersion of Y2O3 particles in Fe-Cr-Al-Ti alloy powders were compared on the basis of the resulting microstructures. Microstructural observation revealed that the crystalline size of Fe decreased with increases in milling time, to values of about 15-20 nm, and that an FeCr alloy phase was formed. SEM and TEM analyses of the alloy powders fabricated by solution route using yttrium nitrate and polyvinyl alcohol showed that the nano-sized Y-oxide particles were well distributed in the Fe based alloy powders. The prepared powders were sintered at 1000 and 1100 oC for 30 min in vacuum. The sintered specimen with heat treatment before spark plasma sintering at 1100 oC showed a more homogeneous microstructure. In the case of sintering at 1100 oC, the alloys exhibited densified microstructure and the formation of large reaction phases due to oxidation of Al.

Surface morphology and optical properties such as transmittance and haze effect of glass etched by physical and chemical etching processes were investigated. The physical etching process was carried out by pen type sandblasting process with 15~20 μm dia. of Al2O3 media; the chemical etching process was conducted using HF-based mixed etchant. Sandblasting was performed in terms of variables such as the distance of 8 cm between the gun nozzle and the glass substrate, the fixed air pressure of 0.5bar, and the constant speed control of the specimen stage. The chemical etching process was conducted with mixed etching solution prepared by combination of BHF (Buffered Hydrofluoric Acid), HCl, and distilled water. The morphology of the glass surface after sandblasting process displayed sharp collision vestiges with nonuniform shapes that could initiate fractures. The haze values of the sandblasted glass were quantitatively acceptable. However, based on visual observation, the desirable Anti-Glare effect was not achieved. On the other hand, irregularly shaped and sharp vestiges transformed into enlarged and smooth micro-spherical craters with the subsequent chemical etching process. The curvature of the spherical crater increased distinctly by 60 minutes and decreased gradually with increasing etching time. Further, the spherical craters with reduced curvature were uniformly distributed over the etched glass surface. The haze value increased sharply up to 55 % and the transmittance decreased by 90 % at 60 minutes of etching time. The ideal haze value range of 3~7 % and transmittance value range of above 90 % were achieved in the period of 240 to 720 minutes of etching time for the selected concentration of the chemical etchant.