In this study, nanocrystalline Cu-Ni bulk materials with various compositions were cold compacted by a shock compaction method using a single-stage gas gun system. Since the oxide layers on powder surface disturbs bonding between powder particles during the shock compaction process, each nanopowder was hydrogen-reduced to remove the oxide layers. X-ray peak analysis shows that hydrogen reduction successfully removed the oxide layers from the nano powders. For the shock compaction process, mixed powder samples with various compositions were prepared using a roller mixer. After the shock compaction process, the density of specimens increased up to 95% of the relative density. Longitudinal cross-sections of the shock compacted specimen demonstrates that a boundary between two powders are clearly distinguished and agglomerated powder particles remained in the compacted bulk. Internal crack tended to decrease with an increase in volumetric ratio of nano Cu powders in compacted bulk, showing that nano Cu powders has a higher coherency than nano Ni powders. On the other hand, hardness results are dominated by volume fraction of the nano Ni powder. The crystalline size of the shock compacted bulk materials was greatly reduced from the initial powder crystalline size since the shock wave severely deformed the powders.

This study reports a simple way of fabricating the porous Cu with unidirectional pore channels by freezedrying camphene slurry with Cu oxide coated Cu powders. The coated powders were prepared by calcination of ball-milled powder mixture of Cu and Cu-nitrate. Improved dispersion stability of camphene slurry could be achieved usingthe Cu oxide coated Cu powders instead of pure Cu powders. Pores in the frozen specimen at -25oC were generated bysublimation of the camphene during drying in air, and the green bodies were sintered at 750oC for 1 h in H2 atmo-sphere. XRD analysis revealed that the coated layer of Cu oxide was completely converted to Cu phase without anyreaction phases by hydrogen heat treatment. The porous Cu specimen prepared from pure Cu powders showed partlylarge pores with unidirectional pore channels, but most of pores were randomly distributed. In contrast, large andaligned parallel pores to the camphene growth direction were clearly observed in the sample using Cu oxide coated Cupowders. Pore formation behavior depending on the initial powders was discussed based on the degree of powder rear-rangement and dispersion stability in slurry.

고무상 고분자인 PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)에 HNT (halloysite nanotube)의 함량을 5, 10, 20, 30 wt%로 달리하여 PDMS-HNT 복합막을 제조하고, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, SEM에 의해서 막의 특성을 조사하였다. 기체투과 실험은 25°C, 3 kg/cm2 조건에서 수행하였고, PDMS-HNT 복합막의 HNT 함량 변화에 따른 H2, N2, CH4, CO2들의 기체투과도와 선택도를 조사하였다. H2, N2, CH4, CO2의 투과기체에 대해 HNT 함량이 0~30 wt% 범위에서 HNT 함량이 증가할수록 기체들의 투과도는 전체적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 선택도(CO2/N2)는 14~44의 값을 보였고, 선택도(CO2/CH4)는 3.0~7.7의 값을 보였다.

In this study, we prepare polymer solar cells incorporating organic ligand-modified Ag nanoparticles (O-AgNPs) highly dispersed in the P3HT:PCBM layer. Ag nanoparticles decorated with water-dispersible ligands (W-AgNPs) were also utilized as a control sample. The existence of the ligands on the Ag surface was confirmed by FT-IR spectra. Metal nanoparticles with different surface chemistries exhibited different dispersion tendencies. O-AgNPswere highly dispersed even at high concentrations, whereas W-AgNPs exhibited significant aggregation in the polymerlayer. Both dispersion and blending concentration of the Ag nanoparticles in P3HT:PCBM matrix had critical effects onthe device performance as well as light absorption. The significant changes in short-circuit current density (JSC) of thesolar cells seemed to be related to the change in the polymer morphology according to the concentration of AgNPsintroduced. These findings suggested the importance of uniform dispersion of plasmonic metal nanoparticles and theirblending concentration conditions in order to boost the solar cell performance.

This paper suggests a specific model that could efficiently improve the interaction and the interface between WMS(Warehouse Management System) terminal and PDA terminal through real time processing in manufacturing shop. The proposed model shows that the new method can more efficiently perform to reduce processing time for shipping and receiving, compared with the current approach. As a result of the certain test among the main server, WMS system, and PDA terminal, it is noted in case of the new proposed system that the effects of proposed model are as follows: (a) While the receiving lead time for carrying by the current method was 2 hours, the receiving lead time by the new method was 20 minutes. (b) While the shipping lead time for carrying by the current method was 1 hours, the shipping lead time by the new method was 15 minutes. (c) While the inventory rate of accuracy by the current method was 85%, the inventory rate of accuracy by the new method was 98%.

녹색두부용으로 개발된 청두 1호의 녹색도를 증진시키고, 밥밑용으로 개발된 청자 3호의 소비촉진을 위하여 두부용으로 이용 가능성을 검정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 녹색두부의 녹색도를 증진시키기 위해 미나리, 부추, 솔잎, 시금치와 쑥을 첨가하여 두부를 제조한 결과 모든 두부에서 명도를 나타내는 L값과 적색도를 나타내는 a값이 유의하게 낮아졌다. 첨가물 중녹색도의 증진 정도가 가장 좋은 시금치를 녹색두부 제조에 이용하였다. 청두 1호와 청자 3호에 시금치를 첨가하여 제조한 두부는 무첨가 두부에 비해 L과 a값이 낮았으며 클로로필, 카로티노이드와 조섬유 함량이 높았다. 시금치를 첨가한 두부의 물성검사 결과 무첨가구에 비하여 청두 1호는 경도, 검성, 응집성과 씹힘성이 유의하게 변하였고, 청자 3호는 탄력성에 차이를 보였다. 관능검사 결과 두부 색에 대한 기호도는 청두 1호로 만든 녹색두부가 청자 3호 보다 높았으나, 시금치 첨가가 식미에 좋지 않은 영향을 끼쳤을 것으로 판단되므로 녹자엽 콩을 이용한 녹색두부의 녹색도를 증진시키고 소비자들의 기호도를 높이기 위해서는 추후 이를 고려한 첨가량 설정 연구가 필요할 것이다.

목이버섯(Auricularia auricula-judae)은 건목이버섯 형태로 중국에서 전량 수입되었으나 2010년부터 전북 익산을 중심으로 재배가 시작되어 2014년 현재 재배농가는 20여곳, 생산량은 300여톤에 이를 것으로 추정되고 있다. 목이버섯은 중국요리나 일본의 우동 등에 주로 토핑으로 이용되며 우리나라에서는 잡채의 고명으로 많이 이용되고 있다. 목이버섯은 비타민D와 식이섬유가 풍부하고 암세포 사멸과 동맥경화 예방에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 실험에서는 목이버섯의 영양성분 파괴를 최소화한 간편죽을 제조하고자 백미 또는 일부 흑미를 섞은 후 건조목이버섯을 0～4% 첨가하고 팽화시켜 호화도, 색도, 점도, 관능, 비타민D 및 식이섬유 함량 등을 조사하였다. 쌀 혼합비율별 호화도는 흑미 첨가량이 높아질수록 최종점도(RVU)와 치반점도(RVU)는 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며 호화온도는 증가하였다. 백미 80%+흑미 20%에 건조목이버섯의 첨가 함량이 높을수록 최종점도와 치반점도가 증가하였고 호화온도는 떨어지는 경향이었으며, 특히 4% 첨가구에서는 무첨가구에 비해 8.4℃가 낮아졌다. 건조목이버섯 첨가량이 증가할수록 명도인 L값이 다소 감소하는 경향이었으며 죽 제조 후 점도는 무첨구에 비해 3% 첨가구에서 3.2배 증가하였다. 색, 맛, 향, 전반적인 관능은 백미 80%+흑미 20%에 건조목이버섯 3% 첨가 시 가장 우수하였다. 또한 비타민D는 건조목이버섯 무첨가구에서는 전혀 없었으나 3% 첨가구에서는 18.5μg/100g이 함유되어 있었고 식이섬유 역시 무첨가구에 비해 1.11% 증가되었다. 건조목이버섯 3% 첨가구 가운데에서도 백미 100% 처리구에 비해 흑미를 20% 첨가했을 때 DPPH 자유 라디컬 소거능이 18.0% 증가하여 항산화성도 우수하였다. 개발된 목이버섯 죽은 간편하게 물만 부어 바로 먹을 수 있게 만들어져 고령화시대의 실버층에 적용성이 높을 것으로 생각된다.

As preventive measures have received tremendous attention to prevent any possible accident in advance, many work places have introduced safety and health management systems. However despite of this government's effort, the industrial accident rate of small-scale businesses with less than 50 employees does not decline, which is mainly because the projects are not differentiated according to the risk level of individual business. To evaluate the risk level of small-scale businesses with less than 50 employees and then establish effective safety and health management systems according to the risk level, this study has conducted the following processes. The small-scale businesses with less than 50 employees were evaluated through accident type, and potential accident risk factor was evaluated through location, business type, and business size. The results of this analysis are expected to make contribution to improving the effectiveness of the safety and health management supports to small-scale businesses with less than 50 employees.

본 연구는 인피섬유만을 사용하여 한지를 제조함에 따라 폐기되어지는 닥나무 목질부로 세라믹을 제조하여 기능성 한지의 첨가제로 이용하기 위해 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 다양한 조건에서 제조된 닥나무 세라믹을 첨가한 한지의 원적외선 방사율 및 방사에너지는 수지함침율과 탄화온도가 높을수록 저하되었고 세라믹의 첨가량이 증가할수록 상승하였으며, 세라믹의 첨가로 90% 이상의 비교적 높은 방사율을 나타내었다. 또한 세라믹 한지의 포름알데히드에 대한 탈취율은 수지 함침율과 탄화온도가 높을수록 점차 감소하였지만 세라믹의 첨가량이 증가할수록 상승하여 전체적으로 70% 이상의 의미 있는 탈취율을 나타내었다.

Environmental pollution including air, land, and water has become one of the most critical issues in global interest. The damages due to environmental pollution lead to serious disasters. Nations have realized the importance of environment protection and have been starting to force organizations to implement environmental management system (EMS) as way of protecting environment. ISO 14001 requirements that are the most popular standard as EMS have been developed to support continuous improvement to environment management. It has been revised once since publication and ISO 14001 : 2004 version is currently available. Organizations globally started to acquire the certificate of EMS to observe environment related laws, accept customers’ and stakeholders’ request, increase market share, and fulfill implementation motives. This article examines the audit data that were collected for several years from manufacturing companies including shipbuilding, machinery, metal, automobiles, and chemical companies in southeastern Korea on the basis of ISO 14001 : 2004 requirements. The audit data were classified into minor nonconformities based on factors such as business size, business type, and EMS implementation period. We conduct hypotheses test using statistical methods in order to see if there are any significant differences based on the factors. We draw conclusions for the results of hypotheses test and address the necessities of energy, greenhouse gas, green management, and continuous improvement to enhance the efficiency of EMS implementation.

본 연구에서 고투과도를 갖는 실리카 분리막은 콜로이달 실리카 졸과 고분자형 실리카 졸 두 가지를 DRFF법과SRFF법으로 다공성 금속 지지체 위에 코팅하여 제조되었다. 실리카 졸은 졸-겔법으로 테트라에톡시실란(TEOS)에 의하여 제조되었고, 각각의 졸은 동적광산란법(DLS), 전계방사 주사전자현미경(FE-SEM), 질소 흡착법 등을 이용하여 그 특성을 평가하였다. 다공성 금속 지지체위에 콜로이달 실리카 졸로 중간층을 형성하여 치밀한 구조의 실리카 층을 형성한 후 그 위에 분리층으로 고분자형 실리카 졸을 코팅하여 핀홀을 줄이는 방법으로 기체분리용 분리막을 제조하였다. FE-SEM으로 분리막의코팅 층을 분석한 결과 분리층은 중간층보다 침밀한 구조를 가지고 있음을 확인하였고 기체투과 결과 수소 투과도 (6.63-9.21) × 10-5 mol⋅m-2⋅s-1⋅Pa-1 분포를 보였다.

Silica nano-powder (SNP) is an inorganic material able to provide high-performance in various fields because of its multiple functions. Methods used to synthesize high purity SNP, include crushing silica minerals, vapor reaction of silica chloride, and a sol-gel process using TEOS and sodium silicate solution. The sol-gel process is the cheapest method for synthesis of SNP, and was used in this study. First, we investigated the shape and the size of the silica-powder particles in relation to the variation of HCl and sodium silicate concentrations. After drying, the shape of nano-silica powder differed in relation to variations in the HCl concentration. As the pH of the solution increased, so did the density of crosslinking. Initially, there was NaCl in the SNP. To increase its purity, we adopted a washing process that included centrifugation and filtration. After washing, the last of the NaCl was removed using DI water, leaving only amorphous silica powder. The purity of nano-silica powder synthesized using sodium silicate was over 99.6%.

Silicon-carbon composite was prepared by the magnesiothermic reduction of mesoporous silica and subsequent impregnation with a carbon precursor. This was applied for use as an anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Well-ordered mesoporous silica(SBA-15) was employed as a starting material for the mesoporous silicon, and sucrose was used as a carbon source. It was found that complete removal of by-products (Mg2Si and Mg2SiO4) formed by side reactions of silica and magnesium during the magnesiothermic reduction, was a crucial factor for successful formation of mesoporous silicon. Successful formation of the silicon-carbon composite was well confirmed by appropriate characterization tools (e.g., N2 adsorption-desorption, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses). A lithium-ion battery was fabricated using the prepared silicon-carbon composite as the anode, and lithium foil as the counter-electrode. Electrochemical analysis revealed that the silicon-carbon composite showed better cycling stability than graphite, when used as the anode in the lithium-ion battery. This improvement could be due to the fact that carbon efficiently suppressed the change in volume of the silicon material caused by the charge-discharge cycle. This indicates that silicon-carbon composite, prepared via the magnesiothermic reduction and impregnation methods, could be an efficient anode material for lithium ion batteries.

The purpose of this study is to present the Market Orientation effects on Enterprise Management Performance. In order to carry out this research, we obtained 212 survey sheets and inspected ten assumptions based on the reliability, validity of the questionnaires. The results of regression analysis are summarized as follows; First, the factor of Market Orientation, intelligence generation, don’t influence on the Enterprise Management Performance significantly. Second, the element of Market Orientation, information dissemination, don’t have an important effect on the Enterprise Management Performance. Finally, the requisite of Market Orientation, information response, affects to Enterprise Management Performance significantly. Based on the results, the parts with intelligence generation and information dissemination will be improved in the manufacturer of the small businesses.

본 연구는 대구경북의 중소기업을 대상으로 전략유형과 성과관리시스템이 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 통해 중소기업에 적합한 전략유형을 알아보고 그에 맞는 성과관리시스템의 설계를 통해 기업의 경영성과를 개선하고자 하였다. 연구결과 전략유형 중에서 기술혁신형과 생산중점형은 경영성과에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 성과관리시스템은 재무적성과와 비재무적성과에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전략유형과 성과관리시스템의 상호작용은 기술혁신형 기업의 경영성과에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 중소기업들이 전략유형에 맞는 성과관리시스템의 구축을 통해 경영성과를 향상 시킬 수 있음을 지지하고, 이를 통해 기업들은 자원의 제약과 무한 경쟁을 이겨내고 지속적인 성장을 할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

A study was conducted for optimization of the process for the manufacture of raw noodle added with leaf powderof Cirsium setidens Nakai, which is rich in various minerals and dietary fibers along with intrinsic antioxidativeproperties. The level of leaf powder, water content, and kneading time of the dough were selected as three majorfactors affecting quality of the product. Quality parameters of the product such as color, texture, water absorptionratio, volume, turbidity of cooking water, and sensory evaluation result were analyzed as dependent variables. D-optimum design of the complete RSM analyses was adopted for designing the optimum noodle manufacturing pro-cedure. Ranges of the independent variables as determined through preliminary experimental work were level of leafpowder, 2-9% (w/w, wheat flour); moisture content, 40-50%; and kneading time, 7-20 min. Within the given rangesof these independent variables, 18 experimental points included in four repetitive runs were obtained for the anal-yses. The optimum conditions that together satisfy the quality parameters of the raw noodle, as based on the numer-ical and graphical statistical analyses, were amount of leaf powder, 5.76%; water content, 42.52%; and kneadingtime 13.86 min. The complete RSM analysis for manufacture of the high quality raw noodle with an added ingre-dient is suitable for similar application to other products in the industry.

목적: 새로 합성한 silicone monomer인 3-[Tris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silyl]propyl methacrylate(V-TRIS)를 이용하여 제조한 Silicone hydrogel contact lens(SiHy)와 제조 과정 에서 에탄올을 첨가하여 만든 SiHy의 광투과율과 함수율에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 방법: 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate와 chlorodimethylvinylsilane을 반응하여 Silicone을 4개 함유하는 V-TRIS를 합성하였다. Figure. 1. Reaction scheme for the synthesis of V-TRIS. V-TRIS를 전체 무게의 10%, 20% 만큼 첨가하고 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA), Azobis isobutyronitrile(AIBN), Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA), N-vinyl-2 -pyrrolidone(NVP) 등과 열중합하여 SiHy를 제조하였다. 에탄올은 전체무게의 15%를 첨가하 였다. 제조된 SiHy는 증류수에 24시간 동안 담가둔 후 함수율을 측정하였으며, 파장 400~1100nm 범위에서 UV spectrophotometer(JENWAY, Genova Nano)를 이용하여 광투과 율을 측정하였다. 결과: Table 1. Optical Transmittance and water contents of SiHy with ethanol dilution. V-TRIS를 이용한 SiHy의 함수율은 32~35% 정도로 나타났다. SiHy 제조과정에서 에탄올을 첨가한 경우 광투과율과 함수율이 각각 증가하였다. 결론: 친수성인 HEMA와 소수성인 silicone monomer, V-TRIS가 서로 잘 섞이지 않아 상분리 현상이 발생한다. 이로 인해 SiHy의 광투과율이 낮아지게 되는데 친수성 및 소수성 물질에 동시에 잘 섞이는 알콜기를 포함하는 에탄올을 첨가함으로서 HEMA와 V-TRIS가 상분리 현상 없이 잘 섞이게 되어 광학적으로 투명한 SiHy를 얻을 수 있다.