Food allergy is a chronic disease that is increasing all over the world, and it can even lead to a loss of life. To prevent any incidents resulting from food allergies, most countries keep strengthening their food allergen labeling requirements domestically and internationally, with a constant monitoring system against undeclared allergens and recall of offending products. In order to avoid economic losses to industry and damages to international relations from undeclared allergens, it is necessary to confirm each country’s regulatory policy on food allergen labeling prior to exportation. Another required action is to try for a reduction of the cross-contamination risk of the allergens during manufacturing and storage, which should be verified by using an accurate and reliable analysis of food allergens. This paper is intended to provide an introduction to the regulation of food allergen labeling by country, allergen management methods to avoid cross-contamination, and allergen detection methods using ELISA, PCR, and LC/ MS. Changes of allergenicity during thermal or nonthermal processing also will be investigated in our review. This review will be helpful for the food industry to better understand patients suffering from food allergies and to manage food allergens in food manufacturing.

This study assessed effective strategies to reduce the sodium intake among consumers using pork cutlet sauce as a model food system. Original pork cutlet sauce and sodium-reduced sauce (29% reduced by a salt substitute) were analyzed to characterize the sensory properties using descriptive analysis. The effects of sodium-reduction of the sauce, consumer type (nutrition teachers vs. general consumers), information related to the sodium content, serving method, and consumer’s health, taste and sodium-related attitudes on the consumer’s preference, perception, and intake of the sauce were analyzed using a consumer test. In descriptive analysis, the original and sodium-reduced sauce showed similar sensory characteristics but did not differ in saltiness. In the consumer test, there were no significant differences in the overall preference levels between the two sauces. On the other hand, there were significant differences in preference and perception between nutrition teachers and general consumer groups, which were due largely to their age as well as the health and sodium-related attitudes and nutritional knowledge differences. Sodium-reduced information decreased the perceived saltiness intensity. In addition, reducing sodium intake by serving pork cutlet sauce in a bottle can be an effective strategy because this serving method increased the acceptance and induced the smaller intake of sauce.

Foreign hazardous substances are likely to enter the country through imported foods as food trade between countries increases. The Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement allows countries to take preventive measures to protect the health of the people based on the Appropriate Level of Protection (ALOP). Thus, the country may establish its own food safety objective within the scope of the ALOP and implement more efficient food safety management system to achieve food safety goal. Therefore, more stringent control measures such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) like systems should be applied to set and meet performance objectives at each stage of the food chain.

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of purchase of processed foods and the awareness about food label among middle school students. This survey was conducted by involving 350 middle school students in Incheon city, Korea from June 17~19, 2015. Middle school students consumed confectioneries, bread, carbonated drinks, and juices and ice creams once or twice a week at the rate of 53.4, 53.0, 40.6, and 36.9%, respectively. The most frequent place, time, and reason to purchase the processed foods were ‘convenience store (36.2%)’, ‘after school (26.8%)’, and ‘hunger (77.9%)’. The subjects exhibited top priority (57.0%) on the taste at the time of purchasing the processed foods. Interestingly, the girl-students (44.7%) checked the labels of food more than the boy students (34.0%). The reasons for checking the food labels included acquiring significant information about the shelf life (27.0%), price (18.1%), nutrient (19.1%), and food additives (14.1%). Among the food labeling information, the name of the product (55.7%), the date of manufacture (49.3%) and the content (32.6%) were checked mainly by the subjects. In addition, the major reason for not confirming the food labeling was ‘the food label was too small or crude (31.9%)’. It is necessary to inform about the processing methods and ingredients of the processed to middle school students so that they can make the correct choice of processed foods. Development of proper education methods on nutrition for middle school students is necessitated for healthy living.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of macaroons prepared using natural color materials (Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (Re-N), mulberry leaf (Gr-N), pumpkin (Ye-N), and cocoa powder (Br-N)) and corresponding artificial food colorants (red (Re-A), yellow (Ye-A), green (Gr-A) and brown (Br-A)). The moisture content of macaroons prepared using natural color material was higher compared to the macaroons prepared using artificial food colorant. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was similar in both types of macaroons. Lightness and redness of Re-N, Gr-N, Ye-N, and Br-N macaroons were lower than Re-A, Gr-A, Ye-A and Br-A macaroons. Yellowness of Re-N was higher because of the browning reaction. The texture profile analysis revealed lower hardness when natural color powder was employed. In the sensory evaluation, overall acceptability was not significantly different between natural colored and artificial colored macaroons. As a result, macaroons with the natural color material were softer and showed higher antioxidative activity, however, organoleptic properties were not much different when compared with macaroons with artificial colors. Apparently, it is stated that more studies on the development of macaroons with more enhanced physical functionality and good taste using natural materials should be performed.

본 연구에서는 푸드테크 산업과 관련된 한국과 일본의 특허기술을 비교 분석함으로써 국내 푸드테크 기술의 지적재산권 확보 현황 및 향후 발전 방향에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 2005년 1월 1일부터 2015년 12월 31일까지 약 10년간 대한민국 특허청과 일본 특허청에 등록된 푸드테크 관련 총 669건(한국 539건, 일본 130건)을 최종 분석 대상으로 하였으며, 수집된 특허는 식품의 가치사슬을 반영하여 ‘제조․가공․유통’, ‘판매․마케팅’, ‘소비자 사용 지원’으로 분류하였다. 그 결과, 한국의 경우, 총 분석 대상 특허의 41.7%가 판매․마케팅 관련 특허로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 소비자 사용 지원 관련 특허(37.3%), 제조․가공․유통 관련 특허(21.0%) 순으로 분류되었다. 일본의 경우, 소비자 사용 지원 관련 특허가 56.2%로 높은 비중을 차지하였으며, 제조․가공․유통 관련 특허(32.3%), 판매․마케팅 관련 특허(11.5%) 순으로 나타났다. 특허 분류 분포상의 국가별 유의적인 차이 유무를 검증한 결과, ‘제조․가공․유통’의 경우, 한국은 ‘식품 품질관리’가, 일본은 ‘식품 제조․가공 과정 관리’와 ‘위생관리 및 위해성분평가’가 높은 비율을 차지하는 경향을 보였다(p<.05). 이어 ‘판매․마케팅’의 경우, 한국은 ‘구매지원 및 배달서비스’가, 일본은 ‘음식점 정보 공유’가 차지하는 비율이 높았으며(p<.05), ‘소비자 사용 지원’의 경우, 한국은 ‘주방 설비 및 조리장치 제어’가, 일본은 ‘식단․영양관리’가 높은 비율을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다(p<.001). 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 한국의 경우에는 맛집 추천, 주문․예약을 지원하거나, 구매 지원과 배달 서비스와 관련된 푸드테크 분야에서, 일본의 경우에는 식단과 영양관리, 식품․레시피 정보 공유, 식자재 조달을 지원하는 푸드테크 분야에서 특허등록이 활발하게 이루어지고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 전반적인 특허등록 건수는 한국이 일본에 비해 많은 편이었지만, 세부 기술 내용면에서 살펴보면 식품 제조, 가공 관리, 위생관리 및 위해성분평가관리, 식단․영양관리, 식품․레시피 정보 공유, 식자재 조달 관련 특허는 상대적으로 다소 제한적인 것으로 나타나, 향후 관련 분야에 대한 관심이 필요할 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구결과는 식품의 생산, 조리/가공, 유통, 소비에 이르는 가치사슬(Value Chain)의 관점에서 한국과 일본의 푸드테크 관련 원천기술의 개발 동향을 파악함은 물론 향후 푸드테크의 신기술 개발 및 신시장 개척을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

The standardization of food ingredients in the procurement system is essential to maintain the quality of food services. Currently, school food services in Korea do not have such a standardized system, which results in inconsistency of the procurement procedure of food ingredients. This study examined how school foodservice nutritionists perceive the standardization of food ingredients in the procurement system. In particular, this study investigated school foodservice nutritionists’ perception on the appropriateness, convenience, and necessity of newly proposed standardized procurement system consisting of a classification and attribute system. A total of 311 nutritionists from 123 elementary schools, 99 middle schools, and 84 high schools were surveyed via both online and offline from June 16-24, 2016. The major findings of the study are as follows. First, three quarters of the nutritionists perceived the newly proposed standardized procurement system to be necessary, while approximately sixty percent of the respondents reported that the newly proposed standardized procurement system is convenient. More than half of the respondents perceived the newly proposed standardized procurement system to be appropriate. The results suggest that the new standardized system directs a better way in terms of the classification and attribute systems of food ingredients. This study suggests that the standardization of food ingredients should be implemented at the operation of school food services.

Low sodium (1,300 mg) containing menu items and recipes applicable to institutional food services were developed while maintaining taste and nutrition contents. These developed recipes were used in a total of 258 dish items, including 39 onedish meals, 43 guk or jjigae (soups or pot stews), 59 meat or fish side-dishes, 94 vegetable side-dishes, 9 jeons (pan-fried dishes), and 14 kimchis or pickles. A total of 90 menu items using 258 dishes were categorized into one-dish menu items or Korean dining table-setting items. They were re-sorted to soup or pot stew containing or not containing items. The protein content was significantly higher in one-dish menus than in Korean dining table-setting menus (p<0.05), whereas the energy, carbohydrates, lipids, and sodium did not differ significantly between them. Menus including guk showed no significant differences in energy, carbohydrates, lipids, or sodium when compared with menus not including guk. For practical application of these developed low sodium menu items for institutional food services, education manuals for nutrition should be developed, and networks among governmental agencies, institutional food services and research institutions should be established.

본 연구의 목적은 경남지역의 제과제빵 종사자들의 식품 알레르기에 대한 인식수준을 조사하고 이것을 바탕으 로 식품 알레르기 인식 개선 및 관리방안을 모색하는데 있다. 경남지역의 제과협회에 등록된 업체 대표자 및 종사자를 대상으로 조사를 실시하였으며 설문지는 식품 알 레르기와 제과제빵의 연관성, 개발 시 식품 알레르기 고려 여부, 식품 알레르겐 다량 함유 여부, 유발 원인 및 알 레르기 증상에 대한 차이를 확인하기 위해 작성 되었다. 102개 업체에 설문지를 배포하였고 그 중 67.7%(69개/102 개) 업체로부터 설문지가 회수 되어 통계 분석에 사용하 였고 수집 된 69개의 설문결과에 따르면 식품 알레르기에 대하여 알거나 들은 경험이 있는 제과제빵 종사자는 87%(60 명/69명)으로 대부분 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 일 부 13%(9명/69명)의 종사자가 경험이 없다고 답하였다. 그 러나 제조과정 중 식품 알레르기를 ‘고려한다’ 73.9%(51 명/69명) 수준으로 응답했지만 식품 알레르겐과 식품 알 레르기 증상을 관리하는 방법에 대해서 대부분 알지못했 다. 제과제빵 종사자들을 위한 식품 알레르기교육 참가 여 부에 대해 ‘매우 그렇다’ 30.4%(21명/69명), ‘그렇다’ 40.6%

기후변화, 외래병해충발생, 밀원수 감소 등 여러 요인으로 인해 우리 나라의 양봉농가는 벌꿀생산량 및 농가소득이 감소하는 추세이다. 또한 밀원이 없는 시기에 가축용 사료가 아닌 고가의 식용설탕을 꿀벌의 인공사료로 급여하고 있어 농가는 ‘생산비 상승’과 ‘밀원수 부족’을 국내양봉업이 직면한 가장 큰 문제점으로 지적하고 있다. 이에 따른 양봉농가의 생산비를 절감하고 꿀벌의 생리·생태의 개선효과를 가지는 저가형 당액사료개발을 위해 농산부산물에서 추출한 천연당을 봉군에 적용시험을 추진하였다. 양파(OS-1, OS-2), 양배추(CS-1, CS-2), 바나나(Banana)부산물에서 추출한 천연당의 봉군당 평균먹이소모량(mL)은 설탕당액(대조구) 처리구와 비교시 바나나추출당액 급여구에서 5500.00±0.00, 5133.33±404.15로 유사하였다. 그러나 꿀벌의 봉세발달은 대조구에 비해 21006.7±2137, 17403.3±2257마리로 조사되어 낮은 경향을 나타내었고 수명조사 결과는 큰 차이가 없었다. 농산부산물을 이용한 천연당은 우선 꿀벌의 기호도 향상을 우선으로 개선시켜야 할 것으로 보인다.