PRIMOS bodyⓇ 기기를 이용한 얼굴부피 평가법 개발에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 평가법의 신뢰성을 확인하고자 세 명의 시험자가 마네킹과 사람을 대상으로 얼굴 부피를 측정하였다. 마네킹의 얼굴에 여러 가지 부피의 찰흙을 붙이고, 기기로 얼굴을 측정하였는데, 실제 찰흙의 부피와 측정값 사이에 높은 상관성(R2 = 0.99)이 있는 것으로 나타났다. % RSD와 Gage R&R 분석으로 기기의 정확성, 반복성, 재현성을 확인한 결과 신뢰성이 있는 결과를 얻었다. 이와 같은 평가법을 얼굴 붓기 감소에 영향을 주는 화장품의 효능을 평가하는데 적용하였다. 10명의 건강한 여성을 대상으로 화장품 사용 전후 얼굴의 부피를 측정한 결과, 얼굴의 부피가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 PRIMOS bodyⓇ를 이용한 얼굴 부피 평가법은 인체평가에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Unlike the interpretations of some scholars, John Wesley did not have a fundamentalist world view, in which faith ignores or isolates scientific truth, as most revivalists are thought to have. Wesley tried to learn, understand, and use newly introduced scientific knowledge, information, and development. He was so eager to inform his followers of scientific truth as to write his own Compendium of Natural Philosophy, and revised and published it several times. Wesley was more familiar with the term natural philosophy rather than natural science, and he thought he was doing philosophy as universal knowledge. It is, however, hard to say that Wesley was simply an advocate of scientism. Wesley accepted scientific realities in the world, and he thought that the task of science is to describe the measurable and experimental facts and their processes and history. Wesley expected that the original intents and goals of the facts would be answerable by theology. In this sense, Wesley pointed out that the spot to answer all questions beyond science is the starting point of theology. In his thought, science and theology are well balanced, harmonized, and helpful for each other. Firstly, Wesley argued that science is the ground of theology, and the basis of theology. He believed that knowledge of the natural world leads people to faith in and study of God, the Creator and the Provider. On the basis of science, Wesley expected to begin the theology of creation and providence. He did not try to explain the nooks and crannies of facts with the verses from the Bible, because he thought that the mystery and awe is also part of science. He had such an optimistic view of science that he published a book of medical treatments for his preachers. Secondly, for Wesley science could be a ground in his eschatology. Especially, that the old Wesley was interested in natural science shows his expectation for the future, the new heaven and earth, and preparation for his own death. All the things which are mysteries and puzzle us now, believed Wesley, will be explained, understood, and solved in the end. Finally, Wesley’s science implied ethical requirements. As a minister, he tried to persuade his people to be “stewards” keeping the created world and restoring the corrupted parts with God’s grace. Wesley himself got involved in such issues as slavery, education, and female participation in ministry. In this sense, his theology as well as science showed somewhat radical and advanced aspects which some contemporary readers might be hesitant to follow.

People have expected a humanoid robot to move as naturally as a human being does. The natural movements of humanoid robot may provide people with safer physical services and communicate with persons through motions more correctly. This work presented a methodology to generate the natural motions for a humanoid robot, which are converted from human motion capture data. The methodology produces not only kinematically mapped motions but dynamically mapped ones. The kinematical mapping reflects the human-likeness in the converted motions, while the dynamical mapping could ensure the movement stability of whole body motions of a humanoid robot. The methodology consists of three processes: (a) Human modeling, (b) Kinematic mapping and (c) Dynamic mapping. The human modeling based on optimization gives the ZMP (Zero Moment Point) and COM (Center of Mass) time trajectories of an actor. Those trajectories are modified for a humanoid robot through the kinematic mapping. In addition to modifying the ZMP and COM trajectories, the lower body (pelvis and legs) motion of the actor is then scaled kinematically and converted to the motion available to the humanoid robot considering dynamical aspects. The KIST humanoid robot, Mahru, imitated a dancing motion to evaluate the methodology, showing the good agreement in the motion.

Cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) catalyzes the acylation of cholesterol to cholesteryl ester with long chain fatty acids and ACAT inhibition is a useful strategy for treating hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerosis. Inhibitory effects on ACAT of the MeOH extracts prepared from 163 edible plants were evaluated. 15 species out of 163 species exhibited higher than 50% of inhibition on the hACAT-1 and 9 species exhibited higher than 50% of inhibition on the hACAT-2 activity at their concentration of 100 μg/mL.

We evaluated the anti-allergic effect of black colored rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its main constituents, cyanidin 3 glucoside (C3G) and cyanidin (Cy) on scratching behavior in mice. The black rice extract (BRE) and its constituts inhibited the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 and histamin. To understand the role of intestinal microflora in the anti-allergic effect of C3G, which was suspected to play a key role in depressing scratching behavior, C3G was incubated with human fecal bacteria. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) was found within the 30 min and its concetration sharply increased. Vanillic acid (VA) was also detected in the incubated sample mixture. The anti-allergic effect of these compounds, C3G, Cy, PCA and VA, were investigated. PCA and Cy potentely reduced scratching behavior in mice induced by compound 48/80 and histamin. These findings enable us to conclude that intestinal bacterial metabolites, PCA and VA, produced by intestinal micro flora contributed to suppressing the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 and histamin.

Iris nertschinsk has been used generally as a decorative plant. However, it has been almost used as a medicine for therapy on various human diseases. In this study, we demonstrate the anti-tumor effect of Iris nertschinsk on human breast cancer cells. Firstly, we found that Iris nertschinsk dose-dependently induced cell death in human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB231. Moreover, phosphorylation of p53 was induced after Iris nertschinsk treatment in MCF7 cells, which has a functional p53, but not in MDA-MB231 cells, which has a dysfunctional p53. We next examined whether Iris nertschinsk induces caspase-dependent cell death. Caspase-7 was cleaved after Iris nertschinsk treatment in MCF7 cells. Interestingly, either caspase-3 or caspase-7 was cleaved in MDA-MB231 cells that p53 had been phosphorylated by Iris nertschinsk treatment, indicating that Iris nertschinsk induces apoptosis through the cleavage of caspase-3, -7 in human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB231, but related to the status of p53. Therefore, these results suggest that Iris nertschinsk could be used as a treatment for human breast cancer. This research is supported by National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology research grant.

A variety of stem cells has been emerging as therapeutic cells that can replace organ transplantation in human liver diseases. The present study focused on whether human eyelid adipose-derived stem cells (HAD) might differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells in vitro. HAD were isolated from human eyelid adipose tissue. Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and FGF-4 on the hepatic differentiation of HAD have been examined in vitro. Immunocytochemical analysis and PAS staining showed that HAD cultured in both DMSO and FGF-4 exhibited the most intense staining than HAD of the other experimental groups. These HAD expressed numerous hepatocyte-related genes. Immunoblotting analyses showed that HAD cultured in the presence of DMSO and FGF-4 secreted higher amount of human albumin than HAD cultured in other conditions. Urea analysis also demonstrated that these HAD produced higher amount of urea than any other groups of HAD. In conclusion, combined treatment of DMSO and FGF-4 could effectively induce the functional differentiation of HAD into hepatocyte-like cells.

This study was conducted to develop an efficient cryopreservation method of human embryonic stem (ES) cells using vitrification. In an initial experiment, sub-clumps of human ES cells (CHA-hES3 and CHA-hES4) were vitrified using grids after incubation with STO feeder cells for 1 or 16 h (Groups 1-1 and 1-2, respectively). After storage for months, thawed clumps were re-plated on a fresh feeder layer. The survival rates of warmed CHA-hES3 and CHA-hES4 cells of Group 1-2 were significantly higher than those of the corresponding Group 1-1 cells. In the second experiment, human ES cells were vitrified after incubation with feeder or feeder-conditioned medium (Groups 2-1 to -7). Relative mRNA expression of BM proteins and survival rates were increased following incubation of ES cells with fresh feeder cells for 16 h. In conclusion, increasing of tight adhesion between ES cells by extended incubation with feeder could reduce cryoinjury after vitrifying/warming.

피부에서 엘라스틴(elastin)은 중요한 탄력섬유의 구성성분 중의 하나이다. 피부주름(skin wrinkle) 형성은 콜라겐(collagen)의 합성과 분해가 중요한 요인으로 작용한다고 알려져 있지만, 최근 많은 연구에서 엘라스틴의 재형성과 분해 또한 주름형성 기전에서 중요한 작용을 하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 엘라스타제(elastase)는 엘라스틴을 분해하는 일종의 메탈로프로테이나제(metalloproteinase)이며, 자외선 B (ultraviolet B, UVB) 조사 후에 활성이 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 증가된 엘라스타제의 활성은 피부의 탄력성 감소와 주름 형성의 주요한 원인이 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 항산화 효과가 있으며, 각종 견과류나 과일에 함유된 폴리페놀(polyphenol)성분인 탄닌산(tannic acid)을 사람의 섬유아세포(CCD-25Sk fibroblasts)에 처리하여 엘라스타제 활성과 트로포엘라스틴 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 탄닌산은 농도의존적으로 사람의 섬유아세포 엘라스타제 활성을 유의성 있게 억제시켰다. 그러나 트로포엘라스틴 합성이나 발현증가에는 유의성 있는 효과를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과들로부터 탄닌산은 엘라스타제의 활성을 억제시켜 엘라스틴의 3차원적 구조를 유지하는데 기여하는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 탄닌산은 주름생성을 억제하는 물질로 개발 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine the literatures about human health effects due to the climate change and ozone depletion since 1990s. Over the past decade climate becomes an increasingly significant factor in world affairs because of its effect on food supplies, energy consumption, environmental quality and natural hazards etc. Simultaneously the scientific associations have had to reappraise the nature and scope of climatology, increasing political relevance, leading to a growth in interdisciplinary research involving natural and socioeconomic scientists. The 2000s promise to continue this broadening of scope as the three-way interaction of human society, medical system and atmospheric system are further explored and evaluated. This paper reviews this trends, paying particular reference to climate-based environmental concerns and human health effects being debated.

For an advanced intelligent service, the need of HRI technology has recently been increasing and the technology has been also improved. However, HRI components have been evaluated under stable and controlled laboratory environments and there are no evaluation results of performance in real environments. Therefore, robot service providers and users have not been getting sufficient information on the level of current HRI technology. In this paper, we provide the evaluation results of the performance of the HRI components on the robot platforms providing actual services in pilot service sites. For the evaluation, we select face detection component, speaker gender classification component and sound localization component as representative HRI components closing to the commercialization. The goal of this paper is to provide valuable information and reference performance on appling the HRI components to real robot environments.

만능성 인간 배아줄기세포로부터 확립된 신경줄기세포 또는 신경전구세포는 퇴행성 신경질환 세포치료제로 이용될 수 있는 다양한 종류의 신경세포로 분화 유도될 수 있다. 하지만, 인간 배아줄기세포로부터 신경세포를 생산하기 위한 기술은 아직 많은 장애를 가지고 있다. 인간 배아줄기세포 유래 신경전구세포에서 특징적으로 나타나는 신경관 유사로제트에 대한 이해는 인간 배아줄기세포 신경 분화의 효율을 높이는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 사료된다. 일반적으로 신경로제트

Reactive oxygen species(ROS)에 의한 산화적 손상은 냉동보존 과정과 체외 배양과정 중 세포 생존률 감소의 주된 요인 중 하나이며, 특히 줄기세포의 경우 냉동보존 후 쉽게 분화하거나 사멸하는 경향이 있음이 잘 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 체외 배양된 인간 조혈모 줄기세포의 냉동보존 시 선별된 항산화제를 처리하여 항산화제가 줄기세포의 생존 및 자동분화에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 해동 후 세포의 생존률은 -tocopherol

We have proposed modeling methods of mariners' standard behavior for collision avoidance by analyzing mariners' recognition process in a previous study. As a subsequent study, the aim of this study is to build a model of mariners' execution process which is one of six processes in the condition of collision avoidance. In this study, thus, the structure of mariners' information processing on the process of taking avoiding actions is described and the relation between mariners' behavior and necessary factors in the process is analyzed. And then we have built a model of mariners' standard behavior for execution process based on the characteristics of mariners in ship-handling, which are obtained from the international collaborative research on human factors. It is tried to define the contents of execution process based on the standard behavior of mariners for collision avoidance and to formulate information processing of mariners.

본 연구는 괴경 내부에 적색 및 보라색의 안토시아닌 색소를 함유한 유색감자의 추출물을 대상으로 S. typhimurium TA98과 TA100 균주의 돌연변이 유발여부를 확인하였고, 직접돌연변이원인 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO)와 간접 돌연변이원인 bozo(a)pyrene(BaP)에 의해 유발될 수 있는 돌연변이에 대한 항돌연변이 활성과 6종의 인간 암세포주(전립선암세포주: LNCaP, 결장암 세포주: HCT-15와 SW-620, 위암 세포주: ACHN, 폐암 세포주: A549, 백혈병 세포주: MOLT-4F)를 대상으로 SRB 방법을 이용하여 항암활성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 유색감자 중 괴경 내부에 보라색의 안토시아닌을 다량 함유한 자영 품종이 다른 품종에 비해 높은 수준의 항돌연변이활성 및 항암활성을 나타내었으며, 특히 자영 품종의 추출물은 다른 세포주 보다 전립선암 세포주에 대한 항암활성이 특이적으로 우수한 양상을 확인하였다. 자영 품종의 추출물은 5ug/mL 이상의 농도에서 암세포의 증식을 억제할 뿐 아니라, 전립선암 세포주 LNCaP와 PC-3에 대해 세포사멸을 유발하는 결과를 Cell Death Detection ELISA와 TUNEL Assay로 확인하였고, 세포사멸과 연관된 유전자의 발현분석을 western blot으로 확인하였다. 이상의 결과에서 괴경 내부에 안토시아닌을 함유한 유색감자는 괴경 내부의 색상이 백색인 일반감자에 비해 강한 항돌연변이활성 및 항암활성을 나타내므로 유색감자는 기능성이 증대된 식용감자로서의 이용가치가 충분하며, 유색감자를 이용한 기능성식품 소재개발 및 의료산업의 신규소재화가 가능하리라 판단된다.

Unlike robotic systems, humans excel at a variety of tasks by utilizing their intrinsic impedance, force sensation, and tactile contact clues. By examining human strategy in arm impedance control, we may be able to teach robotic manipulator's human's superior motor skills in contact tacks.This paper develops a novel method for estimating and predicting the human joint impedance using the electromyogram(EMG)signals and limb position measurements. The EMG signal is the summation of MUAPs(motor unit action potentials). Determination of the relationship between the EMG signals and joint stiffness is difficult, due to irregularities and uncertainties of the EMG signals. In this research, an artificial neural network(ANN)model was developed to model the relation between the EMG and joint stiffness. The proposed method estimates and predicts the multi joint stiffness without complex calculation and specialized apparatus. The feasibility of the developed model was confirmed by experiments and simulations.

The paper proposes a human-following behavior of mobile robot and an intelligent space (ISpace) is used in order to achieve these goals. An ISpace is a 3-D environment in which many sensors and intelligent devices are distributed. Mobile robots exist in this space as physical agents providing humans with services. A mobile robot is controlled to follow a walking human using distributed intelligent sensors as stably and precisely as possible. The moving objects is assumed to be a point-object and projected onto an image plane to form a geometrical constraint equation that provides position data of the object based on the kinematics of the intelligent space. Uncertainties in the position estimation caused by the point-object assumption are compensated using the Kalman filter. To generate the shortest time trajectory to follow the walking human, the linear and angular velocities are estimated and utilized. The computer simulation and experimental results of estimating and following of the walking human with the mobile robot are presented.