The tail flip of the decapod shrimp is a main feature in escaping behavior from the mesh of the codend in the trawl. The characteristics of tail flip in target prawn was observed and analyzed in a water tunnel in respect of flow condition and mesh penetration by a high speed video camera (500 fps). The tail bending angle or bending time in static water was significantly different than in flow water (0.7 m/s) and resultantly the angular velocity in static water was significantly higher than in flow water when carapace was fixed condition. When escaping through vertical traverse net panel in water flow the relative moving angle and relative passing angle to flow direction during tail flip, it significantly decreases the number of shrimps escaping than the case of blocking shrimp. The bending angles of tail flip between net blocking and passing through mesh were not significantly different while the bending time of shrimp passing through mesh was significantly longer than when shrimp blocking on the net. Accordingly the angular velocity of passing through mesh was significantly slower than blocking on the net although the angular velocity of the tail flip was not significantly related with carapace length. The main feature of tail flip for mesh penetration was considered as smaller diagonal direction as moving and passing angle in relation to net panel as right angle to flow direction rather than the angular velocity of tail flip.

We present the results of BV time-series photometry of the globular cluster NGC 288. Ob- servations were carried out to search for variable stars using the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) 1.6-m telescopes and a 4k pre-science CCD camera during a test observation from August to December, 2014. We found a new SX Phe star and confirmed twelve previously known variable stars in NGC 288. For the semi-regular variable star V1, we newly determined a period of 37.3 days from light curves spanning 137 days. The light-curve solution of the eclipsing binary V10 indicates that the system is probably a detached system. The pulsation properties of nine SX Phe stars were examined by applying multiple frequency analysis to their light curves. We derived a new Period-Luminosity (P-L) relation, hMV i = −2.476(±0.300) logP − 0.354(±0.385), from six SX Phe stars showing the fundamental mode. Additionally, the period ratios of three SX Phe stars that probably have a double-radial mode were investigated; PFO/PF = 0.779 for V5, PTO/PFO = 0.685 for V9, PSO/PFO = 0.811 for V11. This paper is the first contribution in a series assessing the detections and properties of variable stars in six southern globular clusters with the KMTNet system.

We investigate the long-term spatial drift of the center and the temporal variation of the shutter delay time map of Y4KCam mounted on the CTIO 1.0 m telescope. We have collected shutter delay time maps over eight years as a part of our long-term survey program. We find that the center of the shutter delay time map can drift up to 450 μm, equivalent to  30 pixels, on the CCD. This effect can result in a small amount of error in integration time without the proper shutter delay time correction, but it does not appear to cause any significant problems in photometric measurements. We obtain a mean shutter delay time of 69.1 ± 0.8 ms and find no temporal variation of the shutter delay time of Y4KCam over eight years, indicative of the mechanical stability of the shutter. We suggest that using a master shutter delay time correction frame would be sufficient to achieve high precision photometry, which does not exceed photometric errors ~ 1.7 mmag across the CCD frame for exposure times longer than 1 s.

Stress is resistance to stimuli to destroy a balance of mind and body in order to maintain an original steady state : A type of response and avoidance. Mild stress, which happens in tension, has a positive effect to improve concentration, but most of stress is likely to be a main factor to damage health. This is because it causes physical ailments and psychological diseases (e.g., depression, anger, frustration, loneliness, and anxiety). The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference between two groups, daytime and night university students, on ego-state, stressors, and stress coping types to improve their academic achievement by reducing their stress. There were 266 university students, who participated in a survey from November 30, 2015 until September 30, 2016. The study employed three measuring instruments : Ego-gram, stressor scale, and stress coping type scale. All the collected data were analyzed through regression analysis and t-test. The results of the regression analysis showed no significant differences in ego-state, stressors, and stress coping types between two groups. However, the results of t-test showed significant difference between the two groups : In terms of ego-state, a CP (Critical Parent) average of the night university students was significantly higher than the daytime university students’. Also, there is a significant difference in employment, future issues, and economic issues : the daytime university students considered employment and future issues more serious, while the night university students had more mental burdens of economic issues. When it comes to coping stress types, there was no significant difference between the two groups.

목 적：임상에서 많이 사용되고 있는 A(ionic contrast) 조영제와 B(Non-ionic contrast) 조영제를 사용 후 Breast 병변 환자의 dynamic검사 시 병변확인에 중요한 요소인 Time-signal intensity curve의 곡선변화를 분석하여 병변을 wash-out 으로 판단하는데 좀 더 효과적인 조영제가 어떤 조영제인지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법：연구 대상은 본원에 Breast MRI를 위해 내원한 환자 중 종양으로 진단 된 환자 32명을 대상으로 하였고, 검사 기간은 2015년 6월부터 2015년 12월 까지 이었으며, 평균연령은 54.1세(35~67세)이었다. 장비는 3Tesla 자기공명영상장치(Magnetom Verio, Siemens, Germany)와 Breast코일을 사용하였으며, 영상의 획득은 T1 FLASH 3D 방법을 이용하여 검사하였고, Auto shimming 시행 후 조영제 자동주입기를 통해 ionic 조영제인 A(2ml/sec)조영제와 생리식염수(30ml, 2ml/sec)를 주입하였고 non-ionic조영제인 B(1ml/sec)조영제와 생리식염수(30ml, 1ml/sec)를 주입하여 영상을 얻었다. Time-signal intensity curve에 대한 분석은 Syngo MR MEAN CURVE Card(Siemens)를 통하여 평균 ROI의 직경을 5mm로 하고 Time-signal intensity curve의 peak time으로부터 기울기를 구해 비교 분석하였다. ionic 과 non-ionic 조영제의 Time-signal intensity curve 값에 대한 비교 분석은 Independent two – sample (T- Test)를 이용하여 통계학적으로 검정하였다. 결 과：Breast cancer 로 확진된 환자 32명의 ionic 과 non-ionic 조영제의 Time-signal intensity curve를 분석한 결과 ionic 평균 기울기는 -7.70(sd=4.78) 이며, non-ionic 조영제 평균 기울기는–12.45(sd=4.84)이였으며 ionic 과 non-ionic 조영제의 Time-signal intensity curve에 대한 T- Test 검정결과 P Valu 값이 0.01으로 두 그룹 간에 유의한 차이가 있음을 보여주고 있다. 결 론：병변판단에 중요한 기준이 되는 Time-signal intensity curve는 검사 시간에 따라 기울기에 변화를 나타낸다. 이러한 제한적인 시간내의 곡선변화는 병변을 판단하는데 있어서 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 임상에서 많이 사용되는 ionic contrast와 non-ionic contrast를 개별적으로 사용한 결과 non-ionic 조영제를 사용한 검사의 Time-signal intensity curve 기울기가 ionic 조영제를 사용한 검사의 기울기보다 좀 더 큰 변화를 나타냈다. 결론적으로 breast dynamic 검사 시 ionic 조영제 보다 non-ionic 조영제를 사용하는 것이 좀 더 유용하리라고 보여진다.

In this study, we designed the 3-dimensional tire mold according to the A automobile company’s tire model, and analysed the distribution of temperature of mold using the numerical method when the heat flux and heat transfer time at the surface of tire mold were changed. A analysis region of mold was the 1/16 of entire mold, and the grid number was about more than 880 thousand. In order to analyze the temperature change of mold, the thinnest part of the mold was chosen as the research object, and then the temperature of 6 points on the vertical downward direction of the thinnest part was analyzed with the time change. While the numerical condition was that heat flux was 321,200 W/m2, 440,000 W/m2 and 880,000 W/m2, and measuring time was 0.1 second, 0.2 second, 0.5 second and 1 second, respectively. As a result, the temperature difference between the surface temperature and the lowest temperature of mold was 7.3℃ when the heat transfer time was 0.1 second. Also, the minimum temperature difference was almost 0.11℃ when the heat transfer increased to 1 second. It can be explained that the main material of tire mold was aluminum and its thermal conductivity was high (k=140 W/m·K). In addition, when the heat transfer time was more than 1 second, the heat flux of mold surface will be transmitted at the inside of the thinnest part, and the heat transfer will be a marked difference according to the shape of the thinnest part.

본 연구는 워즈워스의 􋺷서곡􋺸과 예이츠의 ｢내전기의 사색｣을 중심으로 프랑스 혁명과 아일랜드 내전의 정치적 시대상황에 대한 양가적인 시각을 논의한다. 􋺷서곡􋺸에서 워즈워스는 프랑스 혁명의 당위성을 공감하는 자아와 혁명의 폭력을 비판 하면서 책임에서 벗어나고자하는 자아로 분열된다. ｢내전기의 사색｣에서 예이츠는 아 일랜드 내전이라는 폭력적 사태에 절망하면서도 폭력을 사토의 검이나 탑과 같은 예 술작품이나 상징으로 전환하여 과거와 현재를 연결하려 한다.

Much of the data used in the analysis of environmental ecological data is being obtained over time. If the number of time points is small, the data will not be given enough information, so repeated measurements or multiple survey points data should be used to perform a comprehensive analysis. The method used for that case is longitudinal data analysis or mixed model analysis. However, if the amount of information is sufficient due to the large number of time points, repetitive data are not needed and these data are analyzed using time series analysis technique. In particular, with a large number of data points in the current situation, when we want to predict how each variable affects each other, or what trends will be expected in the future, we should analyze the data using time series analysis techniques. In this study, we introduce univariate time series analysis, intervention time series model, transfer function model, and multivariate time series model and review research papers studied in Korea. We also introduce an error correction model, which can be used to analyze environmental ecological data.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of harvesting time of rice on growth characteristics and dry matter yields of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IRG) ‘Kowinearly’ after seeding them in paddy field. Experiments were performed in National Institute of Animal Science, RDA (Cheonan, Choongcheongnam-do province of Korea) for four years (2011~2014). Italian ryegrass variety ‘Kowinearly’ was seeded at experimental paddy fields before rice harvest in late September. Rice were harvested at 10, 20, and 30 days after seeding of IRG. As the harvest time of rice became later, the number of tillering before winter was reduced and IRG plant length before winter was shorter. The dry matter yield of IRG was also reduced. When rice were harvested at 20 days and 30 days after sowing of IRG compared to the rice harvested in autumn at 10 days after sowing of IRG, the number of tillering for IRG before winter was decreased by an average of 19% and 40%, respectively. The winter survival ratio of IRG was decreased by an average of 13% and 19%, respectively. Their dry matter yields were also reduced by an average of 8% and 19%, respectively. The heading date was different from each other in three years. The plant length at the time of IRG harvest in the spring was not significantly different among treatment groups. Taken together, our results suggest that when Italian ryegrass is grown in paddy fields by the method of ‘seeding of IRG before rice harvest’, rice should be harvested as soon as possible after sowing of IRG ‘Kowinearly’ in the autumn to increase forage productivity.

Recently, information technology has been developed rapidly over than everyone thinks. The computer technology with hardware and software development of artificial intelligent and machine learning would be more interested in the interactive computer technology. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm to implement the system which recognizes human’s emotion and reacts with the emotion, and this will be human interactive and applied in every information technical field. This system implements an intelligent system that analyzes human’s faces following with the recognition of emotion, which will be the intelligent system that reacts in accordance with the emotion. The proposed real-time intelligent system will develop the system that recognizes human’s emotion, with the emotion, and reacts the actions in the field of marketing of enterprises, intelligent games, and intelligent robots.

목 적 : Contrast enhancement MRA(이하 CE-MRA)를 검사할 때 가장 중요한 것은 조영제가 관심혈관을 지나가는 시기(조영제의 혈관도달/통과시간)를 포착하는 것이다. 대동맥과 같이 검사영역이 넓은 부위를 검사할 때는 검사영역을 여러 단계로 나눠서 검사해야 한다. 일반적으로 CE-MRA의 acquisition time은 조영제가 관심혈관을 통과하는 시간보다 길기 때문에 1단계 영역의 동맥상(arterial phase)에 비하여 2단계 영역의 동맥상이 늦어질 수 있다. 따라서 두 검사영역의 동맥상이 일치되도록 하기 위한 방안이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 Multi-Steps CE-MRA 검사 시 동맥상의 차이를 최소화하고자 test bolus와 k-space time to center 개념을 접목한 방법을 사용하여 그 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 조영제를 사용하여 복부 MRI 검사를 하는 환자를 대상으로 Multi-steps CE-MRA 검사를 시행하였다. 대동맥궁부터 총장골동맥을 두 개의 영역으로 나눠서 MRA 검사를 조영 전/후에 각각 시행하였다. Test bolus scan을 시행하여 관심혈관의 조영제 통과시간을 측정하였다. 대조군 실험으로 상부영역과 하부영역의 time to center를 최소로 적용하여 CE-MRA를 실시하였다. 실험군 실험으로 1단계 영역은 k-space time to center를 최대로 설정하였고 2단계 영역은 최소로 적용하였다. 대조군과 실험군에서 얻은 영상으로부터 venous contamination 여부를 평가하였다. 또한 1단계 영역과 2단계 영역의 signal intensity를 측정하여 평가하였다. 결 과 : K-space timing control method를 사용하므로써 venous contamination이 더 적게 발생하였으며 검사영역 사이의 signal intensity도 더 균일하게 나타났다. 결 론 : K-space timing control method는 multi-steps CE-MRA에서 발생할 수 있는 venous contamination 발생을 해결할 수 있는 방법이며 이 방법을 활용하면 보다 편리하고 정확한 검사에 도움이 될 것이라고 사료된다.

본 연구는 국제원유시장과 아시아 주식시장(한국, 중국, 일본, 인도, 인도네시아, 필리핀, 말레이시아, 태국, 대만, 싱가포르, 베트남)간의 상관관계를 국면전환 관점에서 분석한다. 이를 위해 유가와 주가지수 간의 시간가 변 상관계수를 DCC-GARCH(1,1) 모형으로 추정하였고, 비선형 시계열 분석기법인 Smooth Transition Regression(STR) 모형을 활용해 구조적 변화의 비선형 특성과 상관관계의 강도를 파악하였다. 2002년 1월부 터 2016년 3월까지의 자료를 토대로 한 분석 결과, 국제유가와 아시아 주가지수간의 상관관계는 시간의 흐름에 따라 그리고 국가별로 상이한 움직임을 나타냈다. 또한 상관관계의 국면간 전환점과 전환속도를 측정하는 모수가 일부 국가에서 유의하게 추정되었다. 이러한 결과는 원유와 아시아 국가 주식으로 포트폴리오를 구성할 경우 상 관계수의 추정과정에서 비선형성과 강도를 고려해야 할 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 이에 본 논문은 방법론적으로 기존의 국제재무 문헌의 확장에 기여하며 주식시장과 원유시장의 관계자들에게도 포트폴리오 구성 및 시장예측과 관련한 실무적 시사점도 제공한다.

Background: Losing balance during locomotive actions becomes an increasing threat to both the community-dwelling elderly and elderly with Parkinson disease (PD). Those with PD may be at a high risk of fall due to particular characteristics during the turn. Turning around during locomotive actions may be one of problematic factors causing losing balance. Objects: This study is part of a larger study, which in part aims to identify turning strategies, to compare the strategies in the elderly with and without idiopathic PD aged 51 years and older and to distinguish whether the turning strategies can predict the elderly at risk of falls. Methods: A total of 22 community-dwelling elderlies (10 elderlies with idiopathic PD and 12 healthy elderlies) were investigated for the turning strategies during the timed up and go test. Results: There were some significant differences between the two groups during turning (p<.05). The idiopathic PD group had a tendency of challenging on taking more number of steps, more time to accomplish and staggering more for the turn relative to the control group. Conclusion: Taking more number of steps and more time to turn may be useful for distinguishing the characteristics of PD from that of the healthy elderly in turning strategy.

Background: Deficiencies in the ability to maintain balance are common in elderly. Augmented feedback such as knowledge of results (KR) can accelerate learning and mastering a motor skill in older people. Objects: We designed this study to examine whether one session of Wii-Fit game with self-regulated KR is effective for elderly people, and to compare the effect of two different timings of self-regulated KR conditions. Methods: Thirty-nine community-dwelling elders, not living in hospice care or a nursing home, participated in this study. During acquisition, two groups of volunteers were trained in 10 blocks of a dynamic balancing task under the following 2 conditions, respectively: (a) a pre-trial self-regulated KR (n1=18), or (b) a post-trial self-regulated KR (n2=21). Immediate retention tests and delayed retention tests of balancing performance were administered in 15 minutes and 24 hours following acquisition period, respectively. Results: In both groups, significant improvements of balancing performances scores were observed during the acquisition period. Regardless of the group, mean of balancing performance scores on retention tests were well-maintained from the final session. There were no significant differences between groups in balancing performance scores during the acquisition period (p>.05); however, the post-trial self-regulated KR group exhibited significantly higher balancing performance scores in both the immediate retention test and delayed retention test than that of the pre-trial self-regulated KR group (p<.05). Conclusion: Therefore, subjects who regulated their feedback after a dynamic balancing task, during the acquisition period, experienced more efficient motor learning during the retention period than did subjects who regulated their feedback before a dynamic balancing task. Accordingly, in case of presenting the KR of motor learning in clinical settings to elders who reduced dynamic balance abilities, the requesting time of KR is imperative according to self-estimation processes as well as types of KR and practice.

PVDF Membrane has been used as material for the UF membrane through in-situ interfacial polymerization (IP) because of it’s outstanding properties such as high chemical resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. In this study, surface morphology change of PVDF membrane was researched depending on evaporation time. 13% PVDF 6020 was used for casting and the evaporation time period was from 5s to 600s. The surface morphology of the membrane was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and filtration was conducted in the cross flow method to evaluate the a performance of UF membrane. As a result, average pore size was increased with longer evaporation times which caused the decrease of rejection.