This neurological damage accelerates the infection reaction of cells and apoptosis at the time of reperfusion after ischemia occurs. BCL-2/BCL-2 allogeneic begeminum has a function of suppressing the apoptosis of cells, and thus it is inferred that the susceptibility of cells to apoptosis is determined by the amount of allogeneic begeminum present which is determined based on the amount of BAX. Ischemia was induced in SD mice by occluding the common carotid artery for 5 minutes, after which blood was re-perfused. NEES was applied to acupuncture points, at 12, 24, and 48 hours post-ischemia on the joksamri, Hapgok. Protein expression was investigated through BAX antibody immuno-reactive cells in the cerebral nerve cells and Western blotting. The results were as follows: In the present study as well, as a result of observation of the change in the number of the BAX reaction cells after the inducement of GI, there was the aspect of most of the BAX reaction cells being observed in the corpus striatum area of the GI group 24 hours after the inducement of ischemia. This revealed the same results as those of previous studies in which the change in the number of BAX reaction cells occurred in all areas while ischemia was in progress. The change in the expression of BAX protein after 24 hours showed that there was a very significant reduction in the NEES group compared to the GI group (p<.01). As a result, a greatest amount of change in the number of BAX immunoreactive cells related to apoptosis 24 hours after ischemia appeared in the NEES group. This study that ischemia increases the expression of BAX that induces apoptosis. Thus, it is determined that ischemia is the main cause of the apoptosis of neurons, and this study reveals that low frequency needle electrode electrical stimulation has the effect of blocking the apoptosis of neurons by reducing protein related to the apoptosis of cells that has increased after ischemia has occurred.

본 연구는 물때에 따른 교통특성을 분석하여 선박통항관리 개발에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 목포항의 1년간 선박자동식별장치 자료를 사용하였다. 물때에 따른 교통량을 분석하기 위해 목포항의 1년간의 선박자동식별장치의 양력 데이터를 음력으로 변환한 후, 서해안의 구전 물때를 적용하였다. 연구 결과, 출항선박은 2-3물때 교통량이 7물때 보다 약 23-24% 많고, 입항선박은 12-13물때 교통량이 9물때 보다 약 29-33 % 많았다. 특히, 시간의 변화에 따른 물때별 변동지수는 sine 함수의 형태로 변화하였다. 본 연구는 물때에 따른 선박통항관리 개발에 필요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The single vendor single buyer integrated production inventory problem with lead time proportional to lot size and space restriction is studied. Demand is assumed to be stochastic and the continuous review inventory policy is used for the buyer. If the buyer places an order with lots of products, then the vendor will produce lots of products and the products will be transferred to the buyer with equal shipments many times. Mathematical model for this problem is defined and a Lagrangian relaxation approach is developed.

본 연구는 신품종 다래‘오텀센스’의 수확적기를 구명하고자 생육시기별 과실품질과 후숙 특성을 조 사하였다. 과실의 후숙은 과실의 비대가 최대가 되고 과실 내 종자가 성숙한 이후에 가능하였으나, 종 자가 성숙 상태만으로는 후숙 가능성을 판단할 수 없었다. 산함량은 1.05%이상이 되어야 정상적인 후 숙이 진행되었으며 후숙이 가능한 시점의 경도는 평균 27.1N이었다. 성숙기에 접근한 과실의 가용성 고 형물 함량은 만개후 71일부터 90일까지 시기별로 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 후숙 후의 가용성 고형물 함량에는 유의적 차이가 있어 가용성 고형물 함량으로 수확적기를 구명하기에는 어려움이 있었다. 다래 의 저장 중 중량감소율은 2℃에 상대습도 90%저장구가 낮았고, 부패율은 20℃, 상대습도 45% 저장구 에서는 저장 8일 후부터 증가하기 시작하였고, 2℃에 상대습도 45%와 상대습도 90% 모두 저장 후 20 일까지 10% 이하로 유지되었다. 따라서 과실의 크기, 경도 및 후숙 전·후의 가용성 고형물 함량 등을 종합하여 고려해 볼 때 신품종 다래‘오텀센스’의 수확적기의 만개 후 생육일수는 85일(9월 2일)이었 고, 2℃에 상대습도 90%인 저온고습환경이 적합하였다.

MAO ceramic coatings were prepared on AZ61 magnesium alloy for various processing times ranging from 5 to 60 min, in an electrolyte solution based on silicate-fluoride. The mechanical, electrochemical and, microstructural properties and the phase compositions of the coating layers were investigated. In this work, unlike previous studies, coatings with high amounts of the Mag2SiO4 phase were formed which contained small amounts of MgO and MgF2 at a processing condition of 30 min. A microstructural analysis revealed that the porosity of the coatings was reduced considerably with an increase in the processing time, together with a change in the pore geometry from an irregular to a spherical shape. Potentiodynamic polarization and mechanical testing results showed that the coatings acquired after a processing time of 30 min were superior to all of the others.

Purpose: This study was to assess the influence of silicone hydrogel contact lenses wearing time on corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs), visual performance, and subjective ocular symptoms. Methods: Thirty subjects took part in this study. Subjects were fitted with silicone hydrogel contact lenses (Biofinity). Best-corrected visual acuity (VA) at two contrast levels (100% and 10%) and best-corrected contrast sensitivity (CS) for four spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree) were measured under photopic and mesopic conditions. Corneal HOAs were measured with 4-mm and 6-mm pupils using Wavefront Analyzer. All measurements were performed respectively after 2 hours and 9 hours wear with the silicone hydrogel lenses during a day. Subjects were asked by a study examiner to complete the questionnaire for contact lens-related subjective ocular symptoms. Results: Data for this study were employed for fifty-four eyes (27 subjects; 14 females, 13 males) and the subjects were 24.30 ± 2.96 years. For the subjects, current or previous experience with contact lenses was 23 subjects and non-experience with contact lenses was 4 subjects. Regarding visual quality under photopic and mesopic conditions, there was no statistically significant difference in high contrast and low contrast visual acuity as well as contrast sensitivity between 2 hours and 9 hours wear. For corneal HOAs, we also did not find any significant changes in total HOAs, third-order, fourth-order, coma, and spherical aberration for both 4-mm and 6-mm pupils between the two wearing time. In the relative frequency of contact lens-related subjective ocular symptoms, there were statistically differences in discomfort, dryness, and closing eyes between 2 hours and 9 hours wear within the brand (p=0.031, p=0.001, and p=0.031, respectively) (after 9 hours of the lens wear, discomfort (52%), dryness (74%), and closing eyes (56%)); however, there were no significant differences in changeable vision and removing lenses between the two wearing time. Conclusions: Silicone hydrogel contact lenses used this study do not reduce optical quality of the eye and visual quality after nine hours of the contact lens wear during a day. However, the majority of soft contact lens wearers still encounter clinically significant ocular symptoms including discomfort and dryness with the silicone hydrogel lenses.

The development of time-frequency analysis techniques allow astronomers to successfully deal with the non-stationary time series that originate from unstable physical mechanisms. We applied a recently developed time-frequency analysis method, the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), to two non-stationary phenomena: the superorbital modulation in the high-mass X-ray binary SMC X-1 and the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of the AGN RE J1034+396. From the analysis of SMC X-1, we obtained a Hilbert spectrum that shows more detailed information in both the time and frequency domains. Then, a phase- resolved analysis of both the spectra and the orbital profiles was presented. From the spectral analysis, we noticed that the iron line production is dominated by different regions of this binary system in different superorbital phases. Furthermore, a pre-eclipse dip lying at orbital phase ~ 0.6 - 0.85 was discovered dur- ing the superorbital transition state. We further applied the HHT to analyze the QPO of RE J1034+396. From the Hilbert spectrum and the O - C analysis results, we suggest that it is better to divide the evolu- tion of the QPO into three epochs according to their different periodicities. The correlations between the QPO periods and corresponding uxes were also different in these three epochs. The change in periodicity and the relationships could be interpreted as the change in oscillation mode based on the diskoseismology model.