Binary Ti-Al alloys below 51.0 mass%Al content exhibit a breakaway, transferring from parabolic to linear rate law. The second Al2O3 layer might have some protectiveness before breakaway. Ti-63.1 mass%Al oxidized at 1173 K under parabolic law. Breakaway oxidation is observed in every alloy, except for Ti-63.1 mass%Al. After breakaway, oxidation rates of the binary TiAl alloys below 34.5 mass%Al obey almost linear kinetics. The corrosion rate of Ti-63.1 mass%Al appears to be almost parabolic. As content greater than 63.0 mass% is found to be necessary to form a protective alumina film. Addition of Mo improves the oxidation resistance dramatically. No breakaway is observed at 1123 K, and breakaway is delayed by Mo addition at 1173 K. At 1123 K, no breakaway, but a parabolic increase in mass gain, are observed in the Mo-added TiAl alloys. The binary Ti-34.5 mass%Al exhibits a transfer from parabolic to linear kinetics. At 1173 K, the binary alloys show vary fast linear oxidation and even the Mo-added alloys exhibit breakaway oxidation. The 2.0 mass%Mo-added TiAl exhibits a slope between linear and parabolic. At values of 4.0 and 6.0 mass% added TiAl alloys, slightly larger rates are observed than those for the parabolic rate law, even after breakaway. On those alloys, the second Al2O3 layer appears to be persistently continuous. Oxidation resistance is considerably degraded by the addition of Mn. Mn appears to have the effect of breaking the continuity of the second Al2O3 layer.

LuNbO4:0.2Yb3+,xTm3+ powders were prepared using a solid-state reaction process. The effects of the amount of Tm on up-conversion(UC) and down-conversion(DC) luminescence properties are investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm that Yb3+ and Tm3+ ions are successfully incorporated into Lu sites. Under 980 nm excitation, the UC spectra of the powders predominantly exhibit strong near-infrared emission bands that peak at 805 nm, whereas weak 480 nm emission bands are observed as well. The emission bands are assigned to the 1G4→ 3H6 (480 nm) and 3H4→ 3H6 (805 nm) transitions of the Tm3+ ions via an energy transfer from Yb3+ to Tm3+; two- and three-photon UC processes are responsible for the 805 and 480 nm emissions, respectively. The DC emission spectra exhibit blue emission (1D2→ 3F4) of Tm3+ at 458 nm. The amount of Tm affects the emission intensity with the strongest emissions at x = 0.007 and 0.02 for the UC and DC luminescence, respectively. The results demonstrate that LuNbO4:Yb3+,Tm3+ phosphors are suitable for bio-applications.

Particle size reduction is an important step in many technological operations. The process itself is defined as the mechanical breakdown of solids into smaller particles to increase the surface area and induce defects in solids, which are needed for subsequent operations such as chemical reactions. To fabricate nano-sized particles, several tens to hundreds of micron size ceramic beads, formed through high energy milling process, are required. To minimize the contamination effects during highenergy milling, the mechanical properties of zirconia beads are very important. Generally, the mechanical properties of Y2O3 stabilized tetragonal zirconia beads are closely related to the mechanism of phase change from tetragonal to monoclinic phase via external mechanical forces. Therefore, Y2O3 distribution in the sintered zirconia beads must also be closely related with the mechanical properties of the beads. In this work, commercially available 100μm-size beads are analyzed from the point of view of microstructure, composition homogeneity (especially for Y2O3), mechanical properties, and attrition rate.

Recently, the properties of nanostructured materials as advanced engineering materials have received great attention. These properties include fracture toughness and a high degree of hardness. To hinder grain growth during sintering, it is necessary to fabricate nanostructured materials. In this respect, a high-frequency induction-heated sintering method has been presented as an effective technique for making nanostructured materials at a lower temperature in a very short heating period. Nanopowders of W and Al2O3 are synthesized from WO3 and Al powders during high-energy ball milling. Highly dense nanostructured W-Al2O3 composites are made within three minutes by high-frequency induction-heated sintering method and materials are evaluated in terms of hardness, fracture toughness, and microstructure. The hardness and fracture toughness of the composite are 1364 kg/mm2 and 7.1 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Fracture toughness of nanostructured W-Al2O3 is higher than that of monolithic Al2O3. The hardness of this composite is higher than that of monolithic W.

Using a high pressure homonizer, we report on the electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12(LTO) particles manufactured as anode active material for lithium ion battery. High-pressure synthesis processing is performed under conditions in which the mole fraction of Li/Ti is 0.9, the synthesis pressure is 2,000 bar and the numbers of passings-through are 5, 7 and 10. The observed X-ray diffraction patterns show that pure LTO is manufactured when the number of passings-through is 10. It is found from scanning electron microscopy analysis that the average size of synthesized particles decreases as the number of passings-through increases. LiCoO2-based active cathode materials are used to fabricate several coin half/full cells and their battery characteristics such as lifetime, rate capability and charge transfer resistance are then estimated, revealing quite good electrochemical performance of the LTO particles as an effective anode active material for lithium secondary batteries.

In this study, a membrane electrode assembly(MEA) composed of three electrodes(anode, cathode, and reference electrode) is designed to investigate the effects of methanol concentration on the overpotentials of anode and cathode in direct methanol fuel cells(DMFCs). Using the three-electrode cell, in-situ analyses of the overpotentials are carried out during direct methanol fuel cell operation. It is demonstrated that the three-electrode cell can work effectively in transient state operating condition as well as in steady-state condition, and the anode and cathode exhibit different overpotential curves depending on the concentration of methanol used as fuel. Therefore, from the real-time separation of the anode and cathode overpotentials, it is possible to more clearly prove the methanol crossover effect, and it is expected that in-situ analysis using the three-electrode cell will provide an opportunity to obtain more diverse results in the area of fuel cell research.

Needle-like NiO protecting layers on NiCrAl alloy foam, used as support for hydrogen production, are introduced through electroplated Ni and subsequent microwave annealing. To improve the stability of the NiCrAl alloy foam, oxygen concentration of microwave annealing to form a needle-like NiO layer with good chemical stability and corrosion resistance is controlled in a range of 20 and 50 %. As the oxygen concentration increases to 50 %, needle-like NiO forms a dense coating layer on the NiCrAl alloy foam; this layer formation can be attributed to accelerated growth of the (200) plane. In addition, the increased oxygen concentration causes increased NiO/Ni ratio of the resultant coating layer on NiCrAl alloy foam due to improved rate of the oxidation reaction. As a result, the introduction of dense needle-like NiO layers formed at 50 % oxygen concentration improves the chemical stability of the NiCrAl alloy foam by protecting the direct electrochemical reaction between the electrolyte and the foam. Thus, needle-like NiO can be proposed as a superb protecting layer to improve the chemical stability of NiCrAl alloy form.

Crystal structure of the L12 type (Al,X)3Ti alloy (X = Cr,Cu) is analyzed by X-ray diffractometry and the nonuniform strain behavior at high temperature is investigated. The lattice constants for the L12 type (Al,X)3Ti alloys decrease in the order of the atomic number of the substituted atom X, and the hardness tends to increase. In a compressive test at around 473K for Al67.5Ti25Cr7.5, Al65Ti25Cr10 and Al62.5Ti25Cu12.5 alloys, it is found that the stress-strain curves showed serration, and deformation rate dependence appeared. It is assumed that the generation of serration is due to dynamic strain aging caused by the diffusion of solute atoms. As a result, activation energy of 60-95 kJ/mol is obtained. This process does not require direct involvement. In order to investigate the generation of serrations in detail, compression tests are carried out under various conditions. As a result, in the strain rate range of this experiment, serration is found to occur after 470K at a certain critical strain. The critical strain increases as the strain rate increases at constant temperature, and the critical strain tends to decrease as temperature rises under constant strain rate. This tendency is common to all alloys produced. In the case of this alloy system, the serration at around 473K corresponds to the case in which the dislocation velocity is faster than the diffusion rate of interstitial solute atoms at low temperature.

테러무기는 일반적으로 전통적인 무기와 대량살상무기, 그리고 비전통적인 무기 등으로 구분될 수 있다. 전통적인 무기에 해당하는 무기들은 총기류, 폭발물 등이 있다. 이러한 무기들은 일반적으로 가장 빈번히 발생하는 테러공격방법인 폭탄테러, 무장공격, 그리고 인질납치 등에서 가장 많이 사용된다. 대량살상무기는 CBRN(Chemical, Biological, Radio logical, and Nucelar)을 의미한다. 즉, 화학, 생물학, 방사능, 그리고 핵등을 테러무기로 사용하는 것을 의미한다. 이와 같은 무기는 잘 사용되는 경우는 없으나 한번 사용되었을 경우 상당한 인명피해가 예상되며 그와 별도로 일반 대중들에게 심각한 심리적 공포를 안겨다 준다. 비전통적인 무기는 차량 등과 같이 일상생활에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 아이템이 살상무기로 이용되는 경우이다. 최근 들어 차량이 인명을 효과적으로 살상하는 무기로 빈번히 이용되고 있다. 테러예방활동에 있어 주요한 한 부분은 테러에 이용될 수 있는 테러무기를 효과적으로 관리하는 것이다. 이 논문은 테러공격에 이용될 수 있는 무기들에 대한 국내의 현행 법률규정의 현황을 점검하고 그 한계점과 개선방안을 제안한다. 잠재적 테러무기의 안전관리와 관련된 현행 법률들은 크게 직접적으로 테러방지에 관한 내용을 다루고 있는 테러방지법과 간접적으로 테러공격에 이용될 수 있는 잠재적 무기들을 다루고 있는 여러 관련 법률들로 분류할 수 있다. 이 논문은 이러한 여러 직, 간접 법률들의 현황을 정리, 소개하고 그러한 법률들의 한계점과 개선방안 등에 대해 논의하고 제안할 것이다.

최근 수년 동안 외국인 전투원의 증가가 서구사회와 국제사회의 중요한 이슈로 떠올랐다. 그 이유는 미국과 서구 유럽국가들을 중심으로 이라크와 시리아 등의 테러조직들이 점령하여 전투를 벌이는 갈등 및 위험지역에 외국인 전투원으로 자원하는 일반인들과 청소년들이 급증하였기 때문이다. 국제사회에서 테러집단으로 규정된 집단과 관련된 전투를 위한 외국인 전투원으로의 가담은 대다수의 국제사회에서 불법화되어있음에도 불구하고 지난 10여 년간 그 수는 전대미문으로 늘어났다. 현재ISIS 등의 테러집단이 근거지를 잃는 등 외국인 전투원의 유입이 줄어들 것으로 예상되고 있으나 여전히 외국인 전투원에 대한 정책적 대응이나 학문적 연구는 필요한 실정이다. 특히 불법 출입국루트 등에 대한 연구들이 필요한 실정이다. 최근 유럽 등에서 경험한 대형 살상의 테러사건들의 배후에 외국인 전투원들이 가담해 있다는 보고가 있듯, 자국 내 외국인 전투원들의 위험성은 상존하며 이들이 전투지역이나 과거 테러리스트 근거지 등을 여전히 여행하며 테러활동에 적극 가담할 위험은 아직까지 높다고 판단되기 때문이다. 따라서 이 연구는 최근의 외국인 전투원들의 현황에 대해 소개하고, 유럽의 프랑스와 네덜란드의 외국인 전투원에 대한 법률적 대응에 대한 분석과 소개를 하였다. 그리고 다양한 학문적 노력을 통해 분석된 외국인 전투원들의 유럽과 중동지역의 불법 이동 루트에 대한 분석결과를 소개하고자 한다. 이를 통해 외국인 전투원들에 대한 이해와 경각심을 높이고 학문적ᆞ정책적 관심을 높이는데 공헌하고자 하였다.

교회 분쟁을 교회 재판에서 해결하지 못하고 국가법원으로 가는 사례가 늘어가고 있다. 본 논문에서는 목회자나 교인들이 알아야 할 교회 분쟁 관련 법원의 판결들을 소개함에 중점을 두고, 이에 대한 몇 가지 제언을 하였다. 교회와 관련하여 어떤 분쟁이 벌어지고 있으며, 국가법원은 교회 분쟁에 대해 어떤 판결을 내리고 있는가를 신학자나 목회자들이 이해하고 분쟁을 사전에 예방할 필요가 있기 때문이다. 먼저 교회 재산과 관련하여 법원은 교회 재산을 총유로 보고 있으므로 일단 교회로 귀속된 재산에 대해서 개인은 소유권을 주장할 수 없다. 교회 분열과 관련하여 대법원은 2006년 판례 변경을 통해 분열은 인정하지 않지만 만약 2/3이상이 탈퇴한다면 기존 교회의 재산을 잔존교인이 아닌 탈퇴교인의 총유로 인정한다. 그러나 교회 재산을 다수결로 해결하는 것은 바람직하지 않고 잔존교인의 총유로 인정하는 것이 바람직하다고 본다. 또한 교회재산 분쟁시 정족수 산정을 위해 교인의 자격인정이 문제 될 수 있으므로 정관에 이를 명확히 규정하는 것이 필요하다. 두 번째로 교회의 권징에 대해서 법원의 기본적 입장은 관여하지 않는다는 것이지만, 개인의 신분상 지위와 관련한 권징에 대해서는 사법심사의 대상이 된다고 한다. 그러나 교회의 권징 관련 법원의 판결을 보면 일관성이 없다는 문제가 있다. 따라서 교회의 권징은 사법심사 대상에서 제외하되, 불법행위나 절차적 규정 위반이 있는 권징만 사법심사의 대상으로 할 것을 제안하고, 평소에 교회의 권징 관련 내용 및 절차를 미리 교인들에게 교육할 것을 제안한다. 마지막으로 법원은 예배와 인접한 시간만 예배 방해죄를 인정하는데 이를 확대해서 해석할 필요가 있고, 교회 재정과 관련하여 절도죄와 횡령죄 등의 문제가 발생할 수 있으므로 미리 관련 법적분쟁들을 보고 주의할 필요가 있다. 더불어 교회의 분쟁을 교회 내부에서 해결할 수 없다면, 국가법원이 아닌 교회의 분쟁을 전문적으로 해결하는 독립적 기구에 의해 도움을 받는 방안을 제안한다. 궁극적으로는 교회 스스로 자정과 자율적 규제를 강화하여 사법부가 개입할 여지를 주지 않는 것이 바람직하고, 사법부도 가급적 교회 분쟁에 관여하지 않고 교회 스스로 해결하도록 유도하여야 할 것이다.

To obtain basic data on bioaerosols in the indoor environments of houses located adjacent to Gwangyang Iron Works, the concentration and diversity of indoor air molds were comparatively investigated in 33 houses in September of 2016 and 2017, respectively. In areas both adjacent to and nonadjacent to Gwangyang Iron Works, house temperature and humidity ranged from 24~28oC and 47~57%, respectively. Airborne mold concentration was higher in the houses located nonadjacent than in the ones adjacent to the iron works. Interestingly, the level of airborne mold concentration exceeded 500 CFU/m3 in all houses nonadjacent to the iron works. A total of 12 mold species including five pathogenic species were indentified from the investigation. Among the five pathogenic species, the causal agents of otomycosis, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, and A. niger were present. Overall, Cladosporium cladosporioides was the dominant species. This is the first report on the concentration and diversity of airborne mold in houses located adjacent and nonadjacent to Gwangyang bay industrial complex in Korea.

아시아헌법재판소연합(Association of Asian Constitutional Courts and Equivalent Institutions, 이하 AACC)은 헌법재판 관련 경험 및 정보교류를 확대하고 헌법재판기관 간 우호협력관계를 강화하여 아시아 민주주의 발전과 법치주의의 실현, 나아가 국민의 기본적 인권증진에 기여하기 위하여 2010년 7월 창설된 자율적·독립적·비정치적 기구이다. 2016년 8월 인도네시아에서 열린 제3차 총회에서는 새롭게 상설사무국을 대한민국, 인도네시아, 터키의 3개국에 나누어 설치하기로 합의하였는데, 특히 한국의 서울에는 AACC 연구사무국(AACC Secretariat for Research and Development, 이하 AACC SRD)을 두기로 결정하였다. 한국의 헌법재판소는 그동안 AACC의 설립과 발전에 중추적 역할을 해온 바, 이번에 AACC 연구사무국을 유치함으로써 동 기관을 아시아의 베니스위원회와 같이 만들어보겠다는 구상을 현실화하는 것이 새로운 과제로 대두되었다. AACC는 기본적으로 ① 아시아 국가의 헌법재판기관들 사이의 국제적 연대와 협력 강화를 지향하면서, 동시에 향후 중장기적으로는 ② 아시아 인권재판소와 같은 지역적 인권보장기구를 수립하는 방안을 모색하고 준비하는 목적을 가진다고 볼 수 있다. AACC의 목적이 위와 같다면, 대한 민국이 새롭게 유치한 신생기관인 연구사무국도 AACC의 기본 목적을 달성하는데 충실하게 조직되고 운영되어야 할 것이고, 특히 상설사무국 중에서도 연구 사무국이라는 특성을 고려하여, 아시아 인권보장체제의 발전에 따라 단계적이고 유연한 역할의 확대를 모색할 필요가 있다고 생각한다. AACC 연구사무국이 이와 같은 역할을 충실히 해낼 수 있으려면, 조직이 적정하게 구성되어야 하고, 인력이 적정하게 충원되어야 하며, 지속가능한 재정지원과 국내외의 법률적 근거가 뒷받침되어야 한다. 또한 대내외적으로 활발한 교류협력을 통하여 협력적 거버넌스를 구축함으로써, 아시아 인권공동체를 향한 아시아인의 의지를 확인하고 합의를 이끌어내는 적극적 역할을 수행해야 한다.

Acidic and basic mixtures of odorous compounds are commonly emitted from various sources, and, in an absorption process, pH conditions in the liquid phase significantly affect the performance. In this study, the effect of pH on mass transfer in a bubble column reactor was evaluated using hydrogen sulfide and ammonia as a model mixture. Their mass transfer coefficients were then calculated. Furthermore, the total mass transfer coefficients as a function of pH were evaluated, and the experimental data were fitted into an empirical equation using dimensionless numbers. The mass transfer rates of hydrogen sulfide, the non-ionic form, increased dramatically with increasing pHs, while those of ammonia were almost unchanged because of its high solubility. As a result, a favorable pH condition for less soluble compounds must be selected to achieve high absorption capacity. The total mass transfer rates, which took into account pH effects as well as all the non-ionic and ionic constituents together, were found to be from 2.2 to 2.4 × 10−3 min−1 for hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, respectively, and they were almost constant at different pHs. The empirical equations, which were derived to obtain the best fit for the total mass transfer rates, implied that a method to increase diffusivity of each compound should be applied to improve overall mass transfer. In addition, when using the empirical equation, a mass transfer coefficient at a given set of pH and operating conditions can be calculated and used to design a water scrubbing process.

The healing environment in hospitals is very important. Three factors must be satisfied to create a healing environment in the hospital. First, chemical elements such as pathogens and pollutants must be controlled. Second, physical factors such as temperature, humidity and airflow must be satisfied. Third, psychological factors must be satisfied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indoor thermal environment by conducting a questionnaire (Thermal Sensation Vote, TSV) and a Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) measurement. The questionnaires were distributed to 20 medical staff (nurse), 84 inpatients and 113 outpatients. Temperature, humidity, air quality and comfort were evaluated. Measurements were conducted in the waiting room and lobby of the first and second floors of the outpatient area as well as wards on 10th floor. Both south and north-facing wards were divided to analyze the PMV difference by the orientations. The survey results showed high satisfaction values in the outpatient department for temperature satisfaction and comfort. In the inpatient department, air quality satisfaction showed good values. Moreover, the humidity satisfaction level in the nurse station was high. The PMV measurement results showed that the PMV was lower in the ward than in the outpatient area. Comparison of the questionnaire and measurement results showed that the questionnaire results were lower than those of the measurement in the outpatient area. As a result, it is necessary to reduce the gap between questionnaire and measurement results It is also important to create an indoor environment that matches the thermal preferences of the occupant by operating the air handling unit (AHU).

In this study, we investigate a seasonal underground market which is located under a semi-enclosed basement. Under such settings, there is difficulty in managing indoor air quality such as ventilation. Based on the result, we can improve the indoor air environment of the underground market. The underground market in Seoul was divided into four types according to its structural characteristics and the seasonal survey was conducted. In conclusion, we will develop a realistic improvement plan to improve the indoor air environment of the underground market by selecting the underground market through actual survey.

Two sewage treatment facilities were selected to identify odor emission characteristics, focusing on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and sulfur compounds. The complex odor, 5 kinds of sulfur compounds and 23 kinds of VOCs were analyzed from gas and sludge storages. Hydrogen sulfide was detected in the highest concentration and had the highest odor quotient among the odorous compounds monitored in this study, demonstrating that the contribution of hydrogen sulfide to the complex odor reached up to 90%. For VOCs, the overall contribution to the complex odor was not critical but VOCs can sufficiently trigger an odorous sensation because the sum of the odor quotient reached up to 2.89.

이 연구는 개화기 분묘를 둘러싼 소송에 관한 것이다. 우선 분묘를 둘러싼 분쟁을 해결하기 위한 법제의 제정과정을 살펴보았다. 특히 1900년 분묘소송에 관한 법제의 개정을 통해 전통법제에서는 명확히 구분되지 않았던 민·형사 구분이 본격적으로 시작되었다. 1895~1905년까지는 ≪大典會通≫의 분묘에 관한 규정들이 재판의 法源으로 적용되었던 것에 반해, 1905~1909년까지는 ≪刑法大全≫의 분묘에 관한 규정들이 재판의 法源으로 적용되었다. 특히 ≪刑法大全≫에서는 그 전시대의 법전과 달리, 양반이 아닌 평민들도 10보의 분묘한계 규정을 두었다. 그래서 개화기에는 양반이 아닌 평민들도 분묘에 관한 소송을 쉽게 제기할 수 있게 되었다. 또한 聽訟期限 규정을 두어 20년이 지난 분묘소송은 수리하지 않았다. 그리고 분묘소송에 관한 재판 실무를 알아보기 위해, 『舊韓末 民事判決集』에 등장하는 200여건의 분묘에 관한 민사판결을 분석하였다. 이 판결들을 통해 분묘에 관한 소송이 발생하였을 때의 민사실무에 대해 알 수 있었다. 첫째, 분묘 소송은 원토지소유자의 허락을 받지 않고 분묘를 만든 暗葬 혹은 勒葬의 경우에 시작되었다. 둘째, 분묘 관련 분쟁이 발생하면 당시 재판소의 판사들은 ≪大典會通≫ 및 ≪刑法大全≫의 규정을 충실히 적용하여 판결하였다. 셋째, 20년이 도과하면 더 이상 심리하지 않는다는 聽訟期限 규정은 분묘소송에서도 중요한 논거였다. 넷째, 분묘소송에서는 확정적인 법규범 이외에 앉아서도 서서도 안 보임(坐立具不現) , 情, 理 등 법원리 규범을 재판의 법원으로 원용하기도 하였다. 다섯째, 재판소에서는 당사자 간의 화해를 통해 분쟁을 해결하려는 노력을 하기도 하였다.

This study was conducted targeting 30 residents of Gwangyang industrial complex area from April to May 2017 to assess their level of exposure to VOCs and conduct a health risk assessment for individual exposure. The aim was to understand the difference in levels of indoor, outdoor and personal exposure to VOCs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene) and a health risk assessment was conducted to determine whether there was any fatal cause from carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic elements from a respiratory disease patients. In the case of benzene in the air, the geometric levels of the group are indoor, outdoor and personal exposure; on the CTE, RME condition and Monte-Carlo analysis, all subjects were seen to exceed the carcinogenicity tolerance of 10−6 specified by the US EPA. In the case of toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene on the CTE, RME condition and Monte-Carlo analysis, the non-carcinogenic standard of 1 was not exceeded.

Odor dispersion from road emissions were investigated using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The Shear Stress Transport k-ω model in FLUENT CFD code was used to simulate odor dispersion around the road. The two road configurations used in the study were at-grade and fill road. Experimental data from the wind tunnel obtained in a previous study was used to validate the numerical result of the road dispersion. Five validation metrics are used to obtain an overall and quantitative evaluation of the performance of Shear Stress Transport k-ω models: the fractional bias (FB), the geometric mean bias (MG), the normalized mean square error (NMSE), the geometric variance (VG), and the fraction of predictions within a factor of two of observations (FAC2). The results of the vertical concentration profile for neutral atmospheric show reasonable performance for all five metrics. Six atmospheric stability conditions were used to evaluate the stability effect of road emission dispersion. It was found that the stability category D case of at-grade decreased the non-dimensional surface odor concentration smaller 0.78~0.93 times than those of stability category A case, and that F case decreased 0.39~0.56 times smaller than those of stability category A case. It was also found that stability category D case of filled road decreased 0.84~0.92 times the non-dimensional surface odor concentration of category A case and stability category F case decreased 0.45~0.58 times compared with stability category A case.