The influenza virus is an important respiratory risk affecting humans, and effective treatments are needed. Some oriental medicines are currently applied for treatment of common colds as well as influenza infection. Previous studies have reported that the therapeutic properties of MA-128 are effective for treatment of psoriasis antiasthmatic and atopic dermatitis. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic properties of the novel herbal medicine, MA-128, for treatment of influenza virus infection by oral administration. MA-128 is an active natural biological compound from herbal-marine origin. The results showed that oral administration of MA-128 in mice could confer a survival benefit against Type A influenza virus infection. Daily oral administration of MA-128 resulted in delayed death in infected mice for three days against mouse adapted H3N2 (A/Philippines/2/82). However, it protected more than 60% of mice from lethal infection of 2009 pandemic H1N1 (A/Korea/CJ01/2009) influenza virus. In addition, lung viral titers were significantly reduced at seven days post infection (~100 times) compared with mock-treated mice and viruses were cleared at 9 dpi only in the MA-128 treated groups. This study demonstrated the potential of the novel herbal medicine, MA-128, as an herbal remedy against influenza A viruses.

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation among bone mineral density(BMD), body composition and body circumference on 20's college women in Hwaseong. A total of 86 subjects were measured with BMD and body composition and body circumference. To evaluate the correlation between BMD and body composition, bone density and body weight, body mass index(BMI), lean body mass, muscle mass, fat mass and body fat mass were compared. The results of this study, weight was considered the strong correlation with BMD than the height and BMI seems to be greater significance rather than the lumbar spine and femur BMD. In addition, the relationship between body composition and BMD, lean body mass, muscle mass, body fat mass were the most relevant factors and BMD. The relationship between BMD and body circumference that have been difficult because of not enough previous studies but somewhat the study showed that association.

This study was carried out to identify how a self-stretching exercise program affects pain for each body area, pain relief and job satisfaction for care workers. 20 of 40 care workers with musculoskeletal symptom were randomly selected and participated a self-stretching exercise program consisting of 15 motions. The intervention was done five times or more per weeks for 8 weeks and 1 session lasted within 15 minutes. 'Musculoskeletal symptom survey table' of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) and JDI(Job Descriptive Index) was used for pain on the musculoskeletal symptom and job satisfaction. Survey were done twice before and after the program. The result of this study showed that self-stretching exercise program group(SSPG) relieved from pain significantly in the shoulders(p<.01) and lumbar(p<.05), comparing to the non selfstretching exercise program group(NSPG). Although no significant difference on variations in the JDI appeared in SSPG, the significant reduction appeared from the colleague relationship and organization in NSPG(p<.05). SSPG showed the significant increase on variations in JDI from the job and organization comparing to NSPG. Especially, the improvement on satisfaction for the organization was shown(p<.05). Accordingly, the self-stretching exercise program for care workers can be said to positively affect the overall pain relief and increase on the JDI.

꼬마배나무이 (Cacopsylla pyricola)에 저항성 품종육성을 위한 육종재료를 선발코자 월동형 성충수, 단과지내의 산란수, 과총엽내의약충수 및 수관 전체적인 그을음 발생정도를 15개 종 및 종간잡종133개 유전자원을 대상으로 조사하였다. 월동형 성충수는 Pyrus.calleryana 4.6마리, 단과지내 산란수는 P. calleryana 0.3개, 과총엽내약충수는 P. calleryana 0마리, 그리고 그을음 발생정도는 P.betulaefolia, P. calleryana, P. communis, P. hybrid (P.pyrifolia × P.communis), P. lindleyi 0으로 발생 및 피해정도가 가장 낮았으며 종간의 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 전체적으로 대목으로 이용하고 있는 콩배인P. calleryana와 P. betulaefolia가 조사 대상 유전자원 중 가장 높은 항객성(antixenosis)을 보였으나 품질개량에 많은 기간이 요구됨에 따라 실용적으로는 서양배(P. communis) 중 ‘Conference', 'Cascade','Bosc', 'Winter Nelis' 가 가장 낮은 발생 및 피해정도를 보여 꼬마배나무이 저항성 품종 육성을 위한 좋은 육종재료로 판단되었다.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of macrophages on growth of human colon cancer cells. The results showed that co-culture of colon cancer cells with macrophages inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells (HCT116 and SW620) depending on the number of macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells, and activated THP-1 cells accompanied by down regulation of pSTAT3 in cancer cells. We also found that expression and release of cancer cell growth inhibitory cytokines, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and IL-10, was increased in macrophages. Blocking of the STAT3 pathway with specific inhibitor and siRNA of STAT3 abolished the growth of colon cancer cells and expression of IL-1ra and IL-10. In addition, neutralization of IL-1ra and IL-10 with antibodies resulted in reversal of macrophage-induced inhibition of cancer cell growth. These data showed that IL-1ra and IL-10 released from macrophages inhibit growth of colon cancer cells through inhibition of the STAT3 pathway.

Oct4 and Nanog are well-known transcription factors related with self renewal of embryonic stem cell. In low-dose of Nanog, transcription of oct4 is increased; however, oct4 is down-regulated upon high-dose of Nanog. There is a negative feedback loop between oct4 and Nanog. To identify this regulation, we generated 4 nested sets for mouse oct4 promoter. Luciferase activities of oct4 were declined upon high-dose Nanog in all constructs. The declined effects of oct4 upon high-dose Nanog were moderated with DNMT and HDAC inhibitors (5-AZA-cytidine and trichostatin A) in 3 constructs (1867, 1346, 754). But, one construct (2179) was only sensitive to TSA. Taken together, these effects were also represented in semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting data. These data suggest that negative regulation of oct4 gene upon high-dose Nanog would be accomplished by DNMT and HDAC. Further, it will be studied whether these constraining molecules bind to CR1-4 region of oct4 promoter upon low- and high-dose of Nanog.

농촌진흥청 원예특작과학원에서는 2003년에 황색 폼 폰 화형인 ‘Restone’에 자주색 폼폰 화형인 ‘Lollipop’을 교배하여 획득한 실생 집단으로부터 황색 적심 폼폰 화형의 겹꽃 ‘03B1-82’ 계통을 선발하였다. ‘03B1-82’ 계통은 2005년 겨울부터 2007년 3년에 걸쳐 1, 2차 특성검정을 통해 안정성, 균일성 및 흰녹병저항성 검정 및 절화수명에 대해 조사되었고, 2008년에는 우수선발 계통으로 ‘원교B1-142호’ 계통번호를 부여받아 3차 특 성검정을 실시하여 안정성, 균일성에 대한 연차별 재현 성 그리고 주년생산성(촉성, 억제재배), 생산자 및 소 비자 기호성을 평가 받았다. ‘원교B1-142호’는 2008년 에 직무육성품종심의회를 거쳐 ‘옐로우캔디’로 명명되 어졌다. 국화 ‘옐로우캔디’는 10월 하순에서 11월 상 순에 자연 개화하는 절화용 스프레이 추국이다. 황색의 적색화심을 지닌 폼폰화형의 겹꽃으로 초세 및 줄기가 강건하다. 특히 여름철 고온기에도 통상화가 많이 발생 하지 않으며, 촉성 및 억제재배 등 주년생산이 가능하 다. 꽃의 직경이 4.3 cm 내외, 꽃잎수는 소화당 180매 이상, 착화수는 본당 8화 내외의 중형화로 절화수명은 18일 정도이다. 재배상 유의점으로는 둥근모양의 폼폰 형이기 때문에 수확시 꽃이 서로 엉키면 꽃이 떨어지는 경우가 있으며, 여름 장마철 또는 겨울철 환기 부족시 흰녹병 발생을 주의하고 주기적인 방제가 필요하다.

운간초의 분화 품질을 향상시키기 위하여 ‘Kumoma’ 와 ‘Kumoma-Gusa’ 두 품종의 생장과 개화에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 식물생장억제제 (PGRs) 4종을 처리 하였다. 식물생장억제제 종류와 처리농도는 paclobutrazol (10, 20, 40, 80 mg·L-1), flurprimidol (5, 10, 20, 40mg·L-1), daminozide (500, 1000, 2000, 4000mg·L-1), chlormequat (50, 100, 200, 400 mg·L-1)이고 엽면살포 와 토양관주 방법으로 처리하였다. Paclobutrazol 40 mg·L-1 처리는 운간초의 두 품종에서 초장과 화경 장을 줄이는데 효과적이었다. ‘Kumoma’ 품종에서, paclobutrazol 40 mg·L-1 엽면살포와 토양관주 처리방 법은 초장을 각각 12.6, 12.5 cm로, 화경장은 3.4, 3.3 cm로 줄일 수 있었다. ‘Kumoma-Gusa‘ 품종에서 는 paclobutrazol 토양관주는 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라 초장은 13.2-10.7 cm, 화경장은 3.9-2.0 cm까지 줄일 수 있었지만 꽃의 수는 대조구와 비교했을 때 현 저하게 감소하여서 20개까지 감소하였다. Flurprimidol 20mg·L-1 스프레이와 토양관주 처리는 두 품종 모두 초장과 화경장을 줄일 수 있었다. ‘Kumoma’ 품종에 서 flurprimidol 10 mg·L-1 스프레이 또는 토양관주 처리는 개화 품질을 향상시킬 수 있었고 대조구와 비 교해 꽃의 수는 44.7개 이상, 출하 일수는 5일 정도 빨리 출하 할 수 있었다. ‘Kumoma-Gusa‘ 품종에서 PGRs처리에 의한 초장 과 화경장 억제효과가 가장 큰 것은 paclobutrazol 80mg·L-1과 flurprimidol 40mg·L-1 이었고 paclobutrazol 과 flurprimidol 스프레이와 토양관주 처리에서 각각, 초장은 10.7, 9.9 cm, 화경장은 2.0, 1.5 cm 로 생장 억제효과가 가장 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 flurprimidol 40 mg·L-1 토양관주 처리에서 출하일수는 농도에 따라 3-13일 정도 대조구보다 늦어졌고 꽃의 수는 15.6개로 가장 적은 것을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 두 품종 모두에서 daminozide 처리는 초장과 화경장 이 줄어들지 않았지만 ‘Kumoma’ 품종에서는 대조구 와 비교했을 때 꽃의 수가 증가하였다. Chlormequat 처리는 paclobutrazol 과 flurprimidol 처리와 비교했 을 때 화경장 감소효과는 작았고 처리 식물의 잎은 다른 처리에 비해 연한 녹색을 보여주었다. 두 품종 모두에서 chlormequat 과 daminozide 처리는 생육과 개화 품질에 효과적으로 영향을 주지는 않았지만 꽃의 수는 모든 처리농도에서 41개 이상을 보여주었고, ‘Kumoma-Gusa’ 품종에 chlormequat 토양관주 처리는 최대 꽃의 수 63개를 볼 수 있었다. 이번 결과들은 paclobutrazol 과 flurprimidol 처리가 운간초 분화의 품질 향상을 위한 화경장의 생육을 조 절하는 생장억제제로서 사용 될 수 있음을 보여 주었 고, ‘Kumoma’ 품종에서는 paclobutrazol 40 mg·L-1 스프레이는 생육특성을, flurprimidol 10 mg·L-1 토양관 주 방법은 개화관련 특성의 품질을 향상시키는 생장억 제제의 농도로 추천 될 수 있고, ‘Kumoma-Gusa’ 품종 에서는 flurprimidol 20mg·L-1 스프레이와 flurprimidol 5mg·L-1 토양관주 방법이 운간초 분화의 생육특성과 개 화품질을 향상시키는 생장억제제의 농도로 추천 될 수 있다.

To find an alternative for synthetic pesticides, methanol extract from plant samples were tested for their insecticidal activity against insect. The extract of Asiasarum sieboldii had strongly insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella. Roots of A. sieboldii were extracted with methanol, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-buthanol and H2O. The highest activity was shown in the hexane fraction. Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two amides from hexane fration through the repeated silica gel column chromatographic separations. From the interpretation of spectropic data including NMR, MS, IR, the chemical structures of compounds were determined as dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide and dodeca-2E,4E,8Z, 10E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide. These compounds showed insecticidal activity on P. xylostella by 96.7% at 100ppm. The liquid formulation controlled on cabbage effectively. The extract and compounds from A. sieboldii showed insecticidal activity against Nilaparvata lugens. As a naturally occurring pesticide, A. sieboldii could be useful as a new botanic insecticide.

The aim of this is to examine the effects of SSP therapy on the internal carotid arteries blood flow of 24 tension type headache patients(study group) and non tension type headache patients(control group), and on the reduction of their headaches, when applied to the acupuncture points. It stimulated the acupuncture point of headache 6 place with the SSP. It measured VAS and the blood flow of the internal carotid arteries with TCD. When the internal carotid arteries blood flow of study group and control group were compared by period, a significant difference was found in the 4th period(p<.05). When the Visual Analog Scale of study group and control group were compared by period, a significant difference was found in the 4th period(p<.05). The comparison of each measurement result of the internal carotid arteries blood flow of the study group found significantly increased. The comparison of each measurement result of the VAS of study group found significantly decreased. With regard to the control group, the VAS significantly decreased. The silver spike point low frequency electrical stimulation treatment, when applied to the acupuncture point, can significantly influence the internal carotid arteries blood flow of headache patients and can significantly reduce their headaches.

In using both hands, everyone dominantly use one hand and it is called left-handedness or right-handedness person. Measurements of grip and pinch strength provide objective indexes to represent functional integrity of the upper extremity. This study was conducted for thirty female college students(19 right-handedness and 11 lefthandedness). For assessment of the type of handedness, questionnaire was used; for grip strength, Jamar dynamometer was used; for pinch strength, Jamar pinch gauge was used. In right handedness, the grip and pinch strength of the dominant right hand was significantly higher than those of the non-dominant hand. In addition, regular exercises were shown to give influences on reduction of strength gaps between dominant and non-dominant hands. In both groups of left and right handedness, the grip and pinch strength of the dominant hand were significantly higher than those of the non-dominant hand, and regular exercises were shown to give influences on reduction of strength gaps between dominant and non-dominant hand.

Pleurotus eryngii (also known as king trumpet mushroom, french horn mushroom, king oyster mushroom) is an edible mushroom native to Mediterranean regions of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, but also grown in parts of Asia. It has the ability to produce various biologically active compounds and possesses a well-developed ligninolytic enzyme system that participates in the degradation of lignin and different aromatic compounds. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Pleurotus eryngii (PEE) on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Keratinocytes, one of major cell types in the skin, can be induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ to express thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17), which is considered to be a pivotal mediator in the inflammatory responses during the development of inflammatory skin diseases, such as AD. In addition, normal T-cell–expressed and secreted chemokine (RANTES) is a (C-C) chemokine released by T lymphocytes, other inflammatory cells, and platelets and plays an important role in allergic inflammatory processes. Pretreatment of HaCaT cells with PEE suppressed TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced protein and mRNA expression of CCL17 and RANTES. PEE significantly inhibited TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced NF-κB activation. These results suggest that PEE may exert anti-inflammatory responses by suppressing TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced activation of NF-κB in the keratinocytes and might be a useful tool in therapy of skin inflammatory diseases.

This study aims to reveal how EA affects BAX and NF-kB involved in cell deaths from global ischemia, and to do this, observes the changes of BAX and NF-kB caused by EA application after transient global ischemia. The experimental method is to give rise to global ischemia and apply EA to 27 SD rats with the particulars of being six-week-old, male, around-300 gram-weighing, and adapted to laboratory environment for more than a week, and divide them into three groups, that is, GV20 EA group(n=9), L14 EA group(n=9), no-treatment GI group(n=9), and then observe their changes of BAX and NF-kB at the time lapse of 6 hours, 9 hours and 12 hours after ischemia, using western blotting. The numerical decrease of BAX expression at the time lapse of 9 hours after EA application, though not statistically significant, was observed in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, and the NF-kB expression appeared statistically significant decrease in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, but the expression was higher in the group with EA application. Therefore, EA application at the early phase of global ischemia is considered to affect BAX and NF-kB and play a positive role in decreasing apoptosis and cell deaths by inflammation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of closed and open kinetic chain exercise for increasing knee joint function on the knee position sense in the normal adults. Thirty normal adults(male 15, female 15; mean age: 22.13±2.58 years) were participated in this study into two groups, each with 15 people. The group I was trained that closed kinetic chain exercise on the knee joint and the group II was trained that open kinetic chain exercise on the knee joint. Exercise programs performed for 4 weeks, 3 times a week were using Shuttle 2000-1 closed kinetic chain exercise and Knee Extensor open kinetic chain exercise(HUR, Filand). The results of this study were as follows: 1) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in 0-20。were found between before and after training in closed kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 2) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in 21-40。were found between before and after training in closed kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 3) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in 41-60。were found between before and after training in closed kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 4) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in 0- 20。were found between before and after training in open kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 5) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in 21-40。were found between before and after training in open kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). 6) There were statistically significant decreasing of measuring error degree in 41- 60。were found between before and after training in open kinetic chain exercise(p<.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that closed and open kinetic chain exercise has increased in the knee joint proprioception between before and after training. Especially, closed kinetic chain exercise could be more useful intervention than open kinetic chain exercise for increasing proprioceptive sense.

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference of the pinch strength according to testing posture(standing and sitting) and elbow flexion degree(0。, 45。, 90。and 135。). Forty normal young adults(male: 20, female: 20, mean age: 22.68±2.91 years) participated in this study. The methods of this study were categorized as follows: 1) One set of measurement was performed on four elbow flexion degrees(0。, 45。, 90。and 135。) in two testing postures(standing and sitting) and all subjects were measured for 3 sets testing procedures in every experimental sessions. 2) Pinch strength in various elbow flexion degree was measured after 2 min rest time, and then each test set was repeatedly performed with 5 min rest time to prevent fatigue of muscles involved in the elbow joint. The result was obtained as follow: 1) In standing posture, there was statistically significant difference at 0。and 45。, 0。and 90。, 0。and 135。, 45。and 90。, 45。and 135。, 90。and 135。. 2) In sitting posture, there was statistically significant difference at 0。and 45。, 0。and 90。, 0。and 135。, 45。and 90。, 45。and 135。, 90。and 135。. 3) Statistically, there was no significant difference between standing and sitting posture in same elbow flexion degree, however pinch strength in standing posture was higher than sitting posture.

The majority of strokes are caused by ischemia and result in brain tissue damage, leading to problems of the central nervous system including hemiparesis, dysfunction of language and consciousness, and dysfunction of perception. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) on necrosis in neuronal cells that have undergone needle electrode electrical stimulation(NEES) prior to induction of ischemia. Ischemia was induced in male SD rats(body weight 300g) by occlusion of the common carotid artery for 5 min, after which the blood was reperfused. After induction of brain ischemia, NEES was applied to Zusanli(ST 36), at 12, 24 and 48 hours. Protein expression was investigated using immuno-reactive cells, which react to PARP antibodies in cerebral nerve cells, and Western blotting. The results were as follows: In the cerebral cortex, the number of PARP reactive cells after 24 hours significantly decreased(p<.05) in the NEES group compared to the GI group. PARP expression after 24 hours significantly decreased(p<.05) in the NEES group compared to the GI group. As a result, NEES showed the greatest effect on necrosis- related PARP immuno-reactive cells 24 hours after ischemia, indicating necrosis inhibition, blocking of neural cell death, and protection of neural cells. Based on the results of this study, NEES can be an effective method of treating dysfunction and improving function of neuronal cells in brain damage caused by ischemia.