In this study, structural characteristics were analyzed by combining gravity load and lateral loads such as seismic loads through static analysis of example structures, and the static characteristics of the twisted structure according to the plane rotation angle were also analyzed. Example structures were selected as regular structure, and twisted structures; 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 degree angle of rotation per story, and static analysis was performed by the load combination case 1 and case 2. As a result the story drift ratio of the twisted-shaped structure also increased as the plane rotation angle per story increased. The eccentricity according to the load combination was the highest in the lower stories of all analysis models, and the eccentricity was found to be larger as the rotation angle decreased. The twisted-shaped structure was more responsible for the bending moment of the column than the regular structure, and the vertical member axial force of all analysis models was almost similar.

In this study, a tuned mass damper(TMD) was installed to control the displacement response to earthquakes by generalizing to six analysis models according to the shape of the upper structure based on the case of various large spatial structures around the world. The six analysis models are ribbed type, latticed type, elliptical type, gable type, barrel type, and stadium type composed of 3D arch trusses. In this paper, ribbed type, latticed type and elliptical type were analyzed. The mass of each TMD was set to 1% of the total structural mass. Result of analyzing the optimal number and position of the analysis model, the displacement response control was the most excellent in the model with 6 and 8 TMDs, and the displacement response decreased in most cases. The displacement response control was better with installing the TMD at the edge point than focusing the TMD at the center of the analysis model. However, when 10 or more TMDs are installed or concentrated in the center, large loads intensively act on the structure, resulting in increased displacement. Therefore, although it is slightly different depending on the shape, it is judged that the displacement response control is the best to install 6 and 8 TMDs at the close to the edge point.

In this study, a tuned mass damper(TMD) was installed to control the displacement response to earthquakes by generalizing to six analysis models according to the shape of the upper structure based on the case of various large spatial structures around the world. The six analysis models are ribbed type, latticed type, elliptical type, gable type, barrel type, and stadium type composed of 3D arch trusses. In this paper, ribbed type, latticed type and elliptical type were analyzed. The mass of each TMD was set to 1% of the total structural mass. Result of analyzing the optimal number and position of the analysis model, the displacement response control was the most excellent in the model with 6 and 8 TMDs, and the displacement response decreased in most cases. The displacement response control was better with installing the TMD at the edge point than focusing the TMD at the center of the analysis model. However, when 10 or more TMDs are installed or concentrated in the center, large loads intensively act on the structure, resulting in increased displacement. Therefore, although it is slightly different depending on the shape, it is judged that the displacement response control is the best to install 6 and 8 TMDs at the close to the edge point.

In this paper, the displacement response to seismic loads was analyzed after installing TMD in spatial structures and high-rise buildings. In the case of a spatial structures, since it exhibits complex dynamic behavior under the influence of various vibration modes, it is not possible to effectively control the seismic response by installing only one TMD, unlike ordinary structures. Therefore, after installing eight TMDs in the structure, the correlation between displacement response and mass ratio was examined while changing the mass. The TMD must be designed to have the same frequency as the structure frequency so that the maximum response reduction effect can be exhibited. It can be confirmed that the most important variable is to select the optimal TMD mass in order to install the TMD on the structure and secure excellent control performance against the earthquake load. As a result of analyzing the TMD mass ratio, in the case of high-rise buildings, a mass ratio of 0.4% to 0.6% is preferable. In spatial structures, it is desirable to select a mass ratio of 0.1% to 0.2%. Because this study is based on the theoretical study based on numerical analysis, in order to design a TMD for a real structure, it is necessary to select within a range that does not affect the safety of the structure.

In this study, the Buckling restrained braces reinforced with engineering plastics that can compensate for the disadvantages in the manufacturing process of the existing buckling restrained brace. The proposed PC-BRB was fabricated to evaluate the reinforcement effect by carrying out a structural performance test and a full-scale two-layer frame test through cyclic loading test. As a result of PC-BRB's incremental and cyclic loading test, stable hysteresis behavior was achieved within the target displacement, and the compressive strength adjustment coefficient satisfied the recommendation. As a result of the real frame experiment, the strength of the reinforced specimen increased compared to the unreinforced specimen, and the ductility and energy dissipation increased.

본 연구는 비만아동의 골격성숙도가 정상 아동들 보다 높고 성조숙증으로 이어질 확률이 높은 것을 문제점으로 삼아 비만아동의 골격성숙도에 따른 체격 및 체력의 관계를 규명함으로써 비만아동의 건 강증진에 기여하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상은 10세부터 13세의 비만아동 총 243명을 대상으로 생 물학적 성숙지표를 나타내는 골격성숙도는 X-ray 촬영 후 TW3 방법을 이용하여 평가하였고, 골격성숙도 에 따른 미숙집단(n=70), 보통집단(n=128), 조숙집단(n=45)으로 나누었다. 체격은 신장계, InBody 270(Biospace, Korea)을 이용하여 3개 항목을 측정하였다. 체력측정은 총 7개 항목으로 근력, 근지구력, 유 연성, 순발력, 심폐지구력, 평형성, 민첩성을 측정하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 25.0을 사용하여 기술통계, 일원 변량분석(ANOVA)을 실시하였고, 사후검정은 Duncan's multiple range 방법을 이용하였으며, P< .05 수 준에서 유의한 것으로 간주하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 골격성숙도에 따른 신장과 체중의 체격 요인에서 남자와 여자 미숙집단, 보통집단, 조숙집단 간 통계적으로 매우 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 골격성숙도에 따른 체력 비교에서 남자의 경우 근력, 순발력, 민첩성에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 여자 의 경우 근력, 평형성에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다.

The cable-based retractable membrane roof makes it impossible to maintain its shape and stiffness during driving process, unlike the hard-type retractable roof. Consequently, monitoring using a relatively simple wireless video transmission device is required. However, since video data has a bigger transmission rating than other monitoring data in terms of the structure velocity or acceleration, there is a need to develop transmission device that is easy to install and entails low maintenance cost. This paper studies on a real-time video transmission system for monitoring the cable-based retractable membrane roof while driving. A video transfer software, using the mobile network, is designed and the embedded system is constructed. Ultimately, the data transmission server is tested. Connecting a trolley to the system allows testing of the validity and efficiency of the developed system through the video data transmitted in the driving process. Result of the test shows that the developed system enables multi-device data transfer with monitoring via the mobile network.

Spatial structure does not have columns and walls installed inside, so they have a large space. There are upper structure and substructure supporting them. The response of seismic loads to the upper structure may be increased or decreased due to the effects of the substructure. Therefore, in this study, the seismic response of the upper structure and the floor response spectrum of the substructure were compared and analyzed according to the height of the substructure in the spatial structure where the LRB was installed. As a result, the possibility of amplification of response was confirmed as seismic waves passed though the substructure, which is likely to increase the response of the upper structures.

In order to develop the compatible damping device in various vibration source, a hybrid wall-type damper combining slit and friction damper in parallel was developed. Cyclic loading tests and two-story RC reinforced frame tests were performed for structural performance verification. As a result of the 5-cyclic loading test according to KBC-2016 and low displacement cyclic fatigue test, The hybrid wall type damper increased its strength and the ductility was the same as that of the slit damper. In addition, As a result of the two-layer frame test, the reinforced frame had about twice the strength of the unreinforced frame, and the story drift ratio was satisfied to Life Safety Level.

In this study, the retractable-roof spatial structure was chosen as the analytical model and a tuned mass damper (TMD) was installed in the analytical model in order to control the seismic response. The analysis model is mainly consisted of runway trusses (RT) and transverse trusses (TT), and the displacement response was analyzed by installing TMD on those trusses. The mass of the single TMD which is installed in the analytical model was set to 1% of the total structure mass and the total TMD mass ratio was set to be 8% or 6%. In addition, the mass of a single TMD was varied depending on the number of installations. As a result of analyzing the optimal number of installations of TMD, the displacement response was reduced in all cases compared to the case without TMD. Above all, the case with 8 TMDs was the most effective in reducing he displacement response. However, in this case, as the load on the upper structure of the retractable-roof spatial structure increases, the total mass ratio of TMD was maintained and the number of TMDs was increased to reduce the mass ratio of one TMD.

A hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system with a smart damper has been proposed to mitigate seismic responses of tall buildings. Based on previous research, a hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system can provide effective control performance for reduction of seismic responses of tall buildings. Structural design of the hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system is generally performed after completion of structural design of a building structure. This design concept is called as an iterative design which is a general design process for structures and control devices. In the iterative design process, optimal design solution for the structure and control system is changed at each design stage. To solve this problem, the integrated optimal design method for the hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system and building structure was proposed in this study. An existing building with mid-story isolation system, i.e. Shiodome Sumitomo Building, was selected as an example structure for more realistic study. The hybrid mid-story isolation system in this study was composed of MR (magnetorheological) dampers. The stiffnessess and damping coefficients of the example building, maximum capacity of MR damper, and stiffness of isolation bearing were simultaneously optimized. Multi-objective genetic optimization method was employed for the simultaneous optimization of the example structure and the mid-story seismic isolation system. The optimization results show that the simultaneous optimization method can provide better control performance than the passive mid-story isolation system with reduction of structural materials.

In the present study, vanadium oxide(V2O5) films for electrochromic(EC) application are fabricated using sol-gel spin coating method. In order to optimize the EC performance of the V2O5 films, we adjust the amounts of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) added to the solution at 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%. Due to the effect of added PVP on the V2O5 films, the obtained films show increases of film thickness and crystallinity. Compared to other samples, optimum weight percent(10 wt%) of PVP led to superior EC performance with transmittance modulation(45.43 %), responding speeds(6.0 s at colored state and 6.2 s at bleached state), and coloration efficiency(29.8 cm2/C). This performance improvement can be mainly attributed to the enhanced electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity due to the increased crystallinity and thickness of the V2O5 films. Therefore, V2O5 films fabricated with optimized amount of PVP can be a promising EC material for high-performance EC devices.

In this study, the seismic response is investigated by using a relatively low-rise building under torsion-prone conditions and three seismic loads with change of the location of the seismic isolation system. LRB (Lead Rubber Bearing) was used for the seismic isolator applied to the analytical model. Fixed model without seismic isolation system was set as a basic model and LB models using seismic isolation system were compared. The maximum story drift ratio and the maximum torsional angle were evaluated by using the position of the seismic layer as a variable. It was confirmed that the isolation device is effective for torsional control of planar irregular structures. Also, it was shown that the applicability of the midstory seismic isolation system. Numerical analyses results presented that an isolator installed in the lower layer provided good control performance for the maximum story drift ratio and the maximum torsional angle simultaneously.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to develop a solar powered block pavement system satisfying the road design criteria in Korea. The concrete block pavement system was chosen as the most suitable for development at the current level of technology. METHODS : A new solar block pavement system was conducted by seperating the solar module from the concrete block. The solar panel module is responsible for the solar powered system and the solar concrete block is responsible for the vehicle load support. Quality criteria for block pavements in Korea were collected to select the appropriate quality criteria for a solar block pavement system. The laboratory tests conducted were slip resistance test, compressive strength test and absorption rate test of the concrete blocks, flexural strength test of the acrylic protection panel, and UTM load test of the solar panel module. Solar power measurement was also conducted at the field test section for field performance evaluation. RESULTS : The acrylic protection panels were selected as 15mm thick panels with diagonal patterns of 45°, considering the power generation efficiency, appropriate thickness of the solar power modules, slip resistance and flexural strength. The results of the laboratory tests for evaluating the structural performance of concrete blocks demonstrated that the compressive strength and absorption rate were 22.7 MPa and 3.4% on average, respectively. From these results, it can be observed that the concrete blocks of the solar block pavement system satisfy the block pavement criteria in Korea. As a result of the UTM load test of the solar panel module, the maximum compressive load was found to be 26 tonf on average, and it was confirmed that damage does not occur under a passenger car load. CONCLUSIONS : A new solar block pavement system was developed by seperating the solar module and concrete block. As a results of the laboratory and field tests, both the solar module and concrete block satisfied the quality criteria for block pavement in Korea.

A smart connective control system was invented recently for coupling control of adjacent buildings. Previous studies on this topic focused on development of control algorithm for the smart connective control system and design method of control device. Usually, a smart control devices are applied to building structures after structural design. However, because structural characteristics of building structure with control devices changes, a iterative design is required for optimal design. To defeat this problem, an integrated optimal design method for a smart connective control system and connected buildings was proposed. For this purpose, an artificial seismic load was generated for control performance evaluation of the smart coupling control system. 20-story and 12-story adjacent buildings were used as example structures and an MR (magnetorheological) damper was used as a smart control device to connect adjacent two buildings. NSGA-II was used for multi-objective integrated optimization of structure-smart control device. Numerical simulation results show the integrated optimal design method proposed in this study can provide various optimal designs for smart connective control system and connected buildings presenting good control performance.

목적 : ‘치매관리법’에 따라 전국적으로 치매안심센터가 설립되고, 치매 관련 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 전문 인력의 요구도 증가되고 있다. 하지만 치매안심센터 조기검진팀의 구성원으로 작업치료사는 배제되어 있다. 따라서 치매안심센터 조기검진팀 구성원으로서 작업치료사의 필요성과 중요성을 알아보고자 하며, 이에 근거 자료를 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 치매 평가영역에서 작업치료사의 역할에 대한 문헌을 중심으로 고찰하였으며, 작업치료사가 시행하는 평가도구 및 평가영역에 대하여 국내 및 국외 연구, 보건복지부 치매정책 관련 자료집과 치매센터 책자를 통하여 자료를 수집하였다. 치매안심센터 조기검진팀에서 시행하는 선별검사 및 신경인지검사와 작업치료사가 주로 사용하는 인지관련 평가도구의 항목들을 분석하였다. 결과 : 작업치료 수행영역에서 인지ᆞ지각영역의 평가 및 치료는 중요도나 수행도 측면에서 상위에 위치한다. 치매안심센터의 평가와 작업치료사들이 임상에서 사용하는 평가는 6가지 인지영역(기억력, 시공간 능력, 집중력, 실행능력, 계산능력, 언어능력)에서 중복되어 사용되고 있다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 작업치료사는 인지ᆞ지각 평가 영역에서 충분한 자질을 갖추고 있는 전문가임을 제시 하였기에 치매안심센터 조기검진팀의 구성원으로 포함되어야 하는 근거자료가 될 것이다. 본 연구는 앞으로 보건복지부에 치매정책관련 개정사항으로 의견 제출 시 유용하게 활용 될 것이다.

In the precedent study, the retractable-roof spatial structure was selected as the analytical model and a tuned mass damper (TMD) was installed to control the dynamic response for the earthquake loads. Also, it is analyzed that the installation location of TMD in the analytical model and the optimal number of installations. A single TMD mass installed in the analytical model was set up 1% of the mass of the whole structure, and the optimum installation location was derived according to the number of change. As a result, it was verified that most effective to install eight TMDs regardless of opening or closing. Thus, in this study, eight TMDs were installed in the retractable-roof spatial structure and the optimum mass ratio was inquired while reducing a single TMD. In addition, the optimum mass distribution ratio was identified by redistributing the TMD masses differently depending on the installation position, using the mass ratio of vibration control being the most effective for seismic load. From the analysis results, as it is possible to confirm the optimum mass distribution ratio according to the optimum mass ratio and installation location of the TMD in the the retractable-roof spatial structure, it can be used as a reference in the TMD design for large space structure.