본 연구는 시·청각 피드백을 통해 아동의 운동 효과를 증진시킬 수 있는 의류형 웨어러블 동작 센싱 및 피드백 시스템을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 직물 센서 제조 및 이를 적용한 스포츠웨어 디자인, 직물 기반 동작 센싱 모듈 설계, 아동의 운동 흥미 유발을 위한 시·청각 피드백 시스템 개발 등의 일련의 연구를 수행하였다. SWCNT 기반의 동작 센싱용 신축성 직물 센서를 개발하고, 이를 의복의 사지 관절 부위에 부착한 스포츠웨어를 디자인하였으며, 센싱 모듈을 설계하여 아동을 대상으로 한 관절 동작 실험을 통해 센싱 성능을 검증하였다. 또한 악세서리 형태로 개발된 피드백 제품을 통해 본 연구에서 개발된 스포츠웨어를 착용한 아동의 동작에 따라 빛과 소리로 반응하도록 구현하였다. 본 연구의 결과로, 아동의 운동 흥미를 유발할 수 있는 아동용 스포츠웨어 및 악세서리 제품의 디자인 프로토타입을 제안하였다.

This study experimentally and analytically examines the seismic vulnerability of steel rack storage frames subjected to Korea earthquakes (2016 Gyeongju earthquake and 2017 Pohang earthquake). To achieve this aim, this study selects a three-story, one-bay steel rack frame with a typical configuration of rack frame in Korea. Firstly, the local behavior for frame components is examined by performing monotonic and/or cyclic load tests and the global response and dynamic characteristics of the subject rack frame are investigated by conducting a shaking table test. The analytical model of the rack frame is then created based on the experimental results and is used to perform nonlinear time history analyses with recorded Korea earthquakes. The seismic demand of the rack frame is considerably affected by the spectral acceleration response, instead of peak ground accelerations (peak floor accelerations). Moreover, the collapse fragility curve of the rack frame is developed using incremental dynamic analyses for the Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes. Fragility results indicate that the ground motion characteristics of these earthquakes do not significantly affect the frame vulnerability at the collapse state.

Liquid storage tank is one of the major infrastructures and generally used to store gases, drinking and utilizing water, dangerous fluids, fire water and so on. According to the recent reports and experiences, the tank structures are damaged in many earthquakes due to their low energy dissipating capacity. Therefore, many researchers have been tried to know the dynamic properties of the tanks including liquids. However, vary limited experimental studies are carried out using relatively small tank models. In this study, a series of shaking table tests are performed with maximum 2 m cubic rectangular liquid storage tanks made of steel to measure the natural frequency and estimate damping coefficient of impulsive and convective mode of the tanks. Especially, the damping values under different shapes and excitation methods are estimated by logarithmic decrement method and half power band-pass method and compared with current design code and standards such as ASCE 7, Eurocode 8 and NZS. Test results show that the impulsive mode damping is around 2% which is proposed by general standards and codes but the impulsive mode damping is 0.13% average that is slightly lower than the code recommendation.

The Automobile HVAC system is a habitat for odor-associated fungal communities. We investigated the odorassociated fungal community in an automobile HVAC system using a high-throughput DNA sequencing method. The fungal community structure was evaluated via metagenome analysis. At the phylum level, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were detected, accounting for 43.41% and 56.49% of the fungal community in the HVAC system, respectively. Columnosphaeria (8.31%), Didymella (5.60%), Davidiella (5.50%), Microxyphium (4.24%), unclassified Pleosporales (2.90%), and Cladosporium (2.79%) were abundant at phylum of Ascomycota and Christiansenia (36.72%), Rhodotorula (10.48%), and Sporidiobolus (2.34%) were abundant at phylum of Basidiomycota. A total of 22 genera of fungi were isolated and identified from the evaporators of the HVAC systems which support fungal growth and biofilm formation. Among them, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Alternaria are the most representative odor-associated fungi in HVAC systems. They were reported to form biofilm on the surface of HVAC systems with other bacteria by hypha. In addition, they produce various mVOCs such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetic acid, butanoic acid, and methyl isobutyl ketone. Our findings may be useful for extending the understanding of odor-associated fungal communities in automobile HVAC systems.

This study investigated the odor-associated bacterial community in automobile HVAC systems. Through a metagenome analysis, it was found that; Massilia (42.426%), Sphingomonas (28.200%), (10.780%), and Methylobacterium (5.756%) were abundant in the HVAC systems. Massilia can cause the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) producing odor in automobiles. Sphingomonas produces volatile halogenated compounds or degrades organic pollutants. Rhodococcus is reported to produce sulfur compounds which give off an odor similar to rotting eggs and cabbages. Methylobacterium is one of the most representative bacteria that causes odor in automobile HVAC systems. The evaporator is considered as the appropriate habitat for microorganisms in automobiles because of its high humidity and organic adsorption. Massilia, Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus, Methylobacterium, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Arthrobacter, Micrococcus, and Pseudomonas, listed in order from most to least present, were isolated as abundant bacteria in the evaporator of the HVAC systems.

Chronic inflammation, which results from continuous exposure to antigens, is one of major reasons for tissue damage and diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of extracts (hexane, CHCl3, MeOH, MeOH/H2O, and H2O) from GW10-45, which is our new cultivar of an edible mushroom Pleurotus ferulae (ASI 2803 and ASI 2778), in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. None of the extracts showed cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells and the hexane, CHCl and H extracts reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, an important inflammatory marker, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Particularly, the extract (CG45) inhibited NO production more than the other extracts did. To elucidate the effects of CG45 on molecular targets involved in proinflammatory responses, we performed western blot analysis. Expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) significantly decreased in LPS and CG45 co-incubated cells compared to that in LPS only-treated cells. Additionally, another protein thatplays a critical role in inflammation, was down-regulated in cells treated with both LPS and CG45. In the nuclear factor (NF)- B pathway, phosphorylation of I Bα decreased in RAW264.7 cells treated with both LPS and CG45. Furthermore, CG45 inhibited the phosphorylation of NF- B in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusively, CG45 could suppress proinflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by down-regulating not only the phosphorylation of NF- B and I Bα but also the expression of iNOS and COX-2 without any cytotoxicity.

The organization which is does sale activity in 21c, face a radical environment changes and high competition. To overcome from these situation, employee who is does sale in field are important to set sustainablity to the organization. A sales person is one of member in organizations, so they have a relation with other employee in process of job. To increase there performance and satisfaction, LMX is focused by many researchers. LMX can increase job satisfaction which can increase job performance thought organizational justice. And career of employee can has moderate effect between LMX and organizational justice. To figure out casual relationship among factors, researcher conduct a empirical analysis use 210 samples from SME saleman. Result of empirical study show us every hypothesis which researcher set up has supported. Based on this result, reseacher provide manageric implications and conclusions

In manufacturing company, safety is a important issue because it can cause many cost and problems of company. So reduce safety accident can increase manufacturing company's productivity. Safety accident has close relationship with employee's behavior, which is 'safety behavior'. In this study, researcher try to find out role of leader-member exchange and employee's job commitment effect on safety behavior in manufacturing company. A total of 279 responses were collected from manufacturing company’s employees. The result of this empirical study show us that leader-member exchange has positive effect on employee's job commitment and safety behaviot. And job commitment has positive effect on safety behavior. Base on this empirical result, researcher provide critics and manageric implication for manufacturing companies.

While many of company try to increase customer satisfaction by empowerment, there are need to figure out which can increase employee's problem solving ability in company side. It is related to Innovative Activity that can create new idea to fix job process . In this study, researcher institute a factor that 'Manager's Job Competency' which can increase member's Innovative Activity. And try to figuring out it has what kind of effect on innovative activity and management performance through empirical method. For the empirical study, researcher get 119 samples from service industry, and result of study show us manager's job competency has positive effect on member's innovative activity and management performance. Base on this result, researcher provide a manageric implication and limitaions of study.

With increasing interest, there have been studies on LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)-based DEM(Digital Elevation Model) to acquire three dimensional topographic information. For producing LiDAR DEM with better accuracy, Filtering process is crucial, where only surface reflected LiDAR points are left to construct DEM while non-surface reflected LiDAR points need to be removed from the raw LiDAR data. In particular, the changes of input values for filtering algorithm-constructing parameters are supposed to produce different products. Therefore, this study is aimed to contribute to better understanding the effects of the changes of the levels of GroundFilter Algrothm’s Mean parameter(GFmn) embedded in FUSION software on the accuracy of the LiDAR DEM products, using LiDAR data collected for Hwacheon, Yangju, Gyeongsan and Jangheung watershed experimental area. The effect of GFmn level changes on the products’ accuracy is estimated by measuring and comparing the residuals between the elevations at the same locations of a field and different GFmn level-produced LiDAR DEM sample points. In order to test whether there are any differences among the five GFmn levels; 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9, One-way ANOVA is conducted. In result of One-way ANOVA test, it is found that the change in GFmn level significantly affects the accuracy (F-value: 4.915, p<0.01). After finding significance of the GFmn level effect, Tukey HSD test is also conducted as a Post hoc test for grouping levels by the significant differences. In result, GFmn levels are divided into two subsets ( ‘7, 5, 9, 3’ vs. ‘1’). From the observation of the residuals of each individual level, it is possible to say that LiDAR DEM is generated most accurately when GFmn is given as 7. Through this study, the most desirable parameter value can be suggested to produce filtered LiDAR DEM data which can provide the most accurate elevation information.

본 논문은 청대 만주어로 번역된 중국 소설의 전체적인 상황과 그 특징을 파악해 보기 위 한 목적으로 쓰여졌다. 만주족이 문자를 가지게 된 것은 1599년의 老滿文과 1632년의 新滿文 으로부터 시작되었다. 만주족은 정권 초기부터 한족 문화와 제도를 적극 수용하였고, 그로 인 해 한문 서적의 만주어 번역이 중요하게 부각되었다. 文館으로부터 內三院, 內閣 기구에는 滿 文 번역 부서가 마련되어 있었고, 內翻書房과 같은 전문번역기구가 설치되기도 하였다. 科擧 에는 飜譯科가 신설되었고, 啓心郞, 筆帖式과 같은 통번역 업무를 전담하는 관료 계층도 생겨 났다. 國子監과 八旗 교육기관에서는 만주어문 교과과정이 개설되어 만주어 학습을 장려하였 고, 만문을 사용할 수 있는 인재 양성에 힘썼다. 청대 만주어 번역 소설의 출현은 이런 독특 한 시대적 배경과 관련이 있다. 만문 도서는 크게 抄本과 刻本으로 구분되며, 각본은 官刻本과 坊刻本으로 나뉜다. 청대에 나온 만문 도서는 수도 北京의 황실 중심의 관각본이 절대적인 비중을 차지하고 있다. 반면 에 지방 관서의 각본은 주로 만주어문 학습에 필요한 교과서나 공구서가 중심으로, 지극히 작은 일부분을 차지하고 있다. 상업적인 이윤을 목적으로 하는 만문 坊刻本 역시 北京에 집 중되어 있었다. 방각본 만문 도서는 대부분 만한합벽이고 순수 만문으로만 된 것은 극소수이 다. 당시 書坊들에게 만문 도서의 간행은 주력 사업이 아닌 부차적인 아이템이었다. 내용적으로 四書 등과 같은 유가경전, 사전류, 만주어문 학습서 등이 중요한 비중을 차지하였고, 『삼국연의』, 『요재지이』 등과 같은 문학 작품은 극히 일부분을 차지하고 있었다. 필자의 불완전한 통계에 따르면, 현존하는 만주어로 번역된 중국 소설은 대략 48종이다. 이 가운데 90% 정도는 만문으로만 번역되어 있고, 10%는 만문과 한문이 병렬되어 있는 滿 漢合璧으로 되어 있다. 내용적으로 볼 때 연의류 소설과 재자가인류 소설이 거의 80% 정도 로 절대적인 비중을 차지하고 있다. ‘사대기서’는 만주족 사이에서도 큰 인기를 끌었던 소설 로, 『삼국연의』는 多爾袞의 명으로 순치7년(1650)에 간행되었고, 사대기서 나머지 작품들도 비교적 이른 시기인 강희 연간에 만문으로 번역되어 각본, 혹은 초본의 형태로 유통되고 있 었던 것으로 추정된다. 전체적으로 볼 때 청대 만주어로 번역된 중국 소설의 규모와 유통 범위는 크지 않았고, 주 로 북경을 중심으로 하는 만문 식자층을 대상으로 하고 있었다고 추론해 볼 수 있다. 그 식 자층은 대부분 ‘旗人’에 속해 있던 사람들로 만주족을 비롯하여 일부 몽고족, 한족 등 만주어 문화권에 속해 있던 사람들이었다고 볼 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 만역본 소설은 만주어 문화권에 속해 있던 蒙古族, 錫伯族, 達斡爾族 등 북방 소수민족들을 비롯하여 글자를 알지 못하던 훨씬 더 많은 만주족들에게 ‘烏勒本(ulabun)’과 같은 說唱 예술의 형태로 전파될 수 있는 계기를 마련하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

본 연구는 침엽수 인공림에서 산림 유역내 및 유역출구점에서 용존물질 농도의 특성을 밝혀보고자, 2005년부터 2007년까지 경기도 국립수목원 소재의 침엽수 시험림에서 pH, EC, 양이온, 음이온, 산중화능을 조사하였다. pH는 평균 6.87로 봄에 낮은 경향을 나타내는데, 수관층에 포집된 강하물의 영향으로 판단된다. EC는 평균 58.4μS/㎝으로 강수량이 적은 봄에 이온의 양이 상대적으로 많아 계류수에서 높을 값을 나타냈다. 양이온과 음이온은 강우로 인해 봄과 가을철에 높게 나타났다. 다른 유역과의 수질 비교에서 EC는 강우량이 많은 여름철에 낮게 나타나는 경향을 보였으며, NO3 -는 강하물 및 시업의 영향으로 계류수에서 높게 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구대상유역의 경우, 계류수내 pH와 ANC가 일정 수준으로 유지되는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 침엽수 인공림에서 강우와 유출에 따른 계류수 용존이온의 특성 밝혀보고자, 경기도 국립수목원 소재의 침엽수 시험림에서 강우, 유량, 용존이온을 조사하였다. 2005년 6월부터 2008년 9월까지 총 23개의 강수사상별 수질시 료를 채수하여 분석한 결과 API 값이 낮을수록 유출량이 적었다. 유량변화에 따른 용존이온 특성으로는, NH4 +, K+, Ca2+ 이온은 시계 방향, Cl-, NO3 - 이온은 반시계 방향의 이력곡선을 나타냈으며, SO4 2-, Na+, Mg2+ 이온은 이력현상을 보이지 않았다. Cl-, Na+, NH4 +는 지하수의 영향으로 강수 이전 수준으로 농도가 유지되는 것으로, NO3 -는 토양수의 영향으로 강수 이전 보다 높은 농도는 나타내는 것으로 판단된다. Cl-, SO4 2-, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ 이온은 유출량 증가에 따라 강한 희석반응을 보였고, NO3 - 이온은 유출초기 희석 후 농도가 증가하였다. NO3 -, Ca2+ 이온은 강수 초기에 세탈효과를 나타냈다. 유출량 변화에 따른 이러한 농도변화 특성은 선행강수, 유출량, 지하수 등의 영향으로 판단된다.